Grapevine Trunk Diseases: A Review of Fifteen Years of Trials for Their Control with Chemicals and Biocontrol Agents

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) represent one of the most important problems for viticulture worldwide. Beyond the original causes of this outbreak in some countries like France, the lack of efficient control protocols and the prohibition of using active ingredients such as sodium arsenite and benzimidazoles, until recently used to reduce the impact of some GTDs but deleterious for humans and the environment, have probably worsened the impact of the diseases, leading to increasing economic losses. Since 1990, searches have been made to find efficient tools to control GTDs, testing a wide range of active ingredients and biocontrol agents. This review provides readers with an overview of the results reported in the scientific literature over the last 15 years. In particular, the review focuses on the trials carried out applying chemicals or microorganisms to control Esca complex diseases, Botryosphaeria dieback, and Eutypa dieback, the most widespread GTDs.

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Ecology and management of grapevine trunk diseases in New Zealand a review

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6558 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 160-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D.C. Mundy ◽

M.A. Manning

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Disease Control ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Additional Information ◽

Petri Disease ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Eutypa Dieback ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Trunk Diseases

Grapevine trunk diseases threaten the longevity of vineyard production in New Zealand This paper provides a summary of the knowledge of the most common fungal grapevine trunk diseases as well as identifying gaps that require further research Current knowledge of symptoms causal organisms etiology and disease control of botryosphaeria dieback esca eutypa dieback and Petri disease are discussed Additional information about how these diseases may be influenced by different vineyard practices common in New Zealand viticulture is provided

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The Role of Pest Control Advisers in Preventative Management of Grapevine Trunk Diseases

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-10-15-0250-r ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (4) ◽

pp. 339-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vicken Hillis ◽

Mark Lubell ◽

Jonathan Kaplan ◽

David Doll ◽

Kendra Baumgartner

Keyword(s):

Pest Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Eutypa Dieback ◽

Long Run ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Cost Efficacy ◽

Trunk Diseases

Vineyards with trunk diseases (Botryosphaeria dieback, Esca, Eutypa dieback, and Phomopsis dieback) can have negative returns in the long run. Minimizing economic impacts depends on effective management, but adopting a preventative practice after infection occurs may not improve yields. Pest control advisers may reduce grower uncertainty about the efficacy of and need for prevention, which often entails future and unobservable benefits. Here, we surveyed advisers in California to examine their influence over grower decision-making, in the context of trunk diseases, which significantly limit grape production and for which curative practices are unavailable. Our online survey revealed adviser awareness of high disease incidence, and reduced yields and vineyard lifespan. Advisers rated both preventative and postinfection practices positively. Despite higher cost estimates given to postinfection practices, advisers did not recommend preventative practices at higher rates. High recommendation rates were instead correlated with high disease incidence for both preventative and postinfection practices. Recommendation rates declined with increasing cost for preventative, but not for postinfection, practices. Our findings suggest that even when advisers acknowledge the risks of trunk diseases, they may not recommend preventative practices before infection occurs. This underscores the importance of clear outreach, emphasizing both the need for prevention and its long-term cost efficacy.

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Combining an HA + Cu (II) Site-Targeted Copper-Based Product with a Pruning Wound Protection Program to Prevent Infection with Lasiodiplodia spp. in Grapevine

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2376

Author(s):

Pedro Reis ◽

Ana Gaspar ◽

Artur Alves ◽

Florence Fontaine ◽

Cecília Rego

Keyword(s):

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Pruning Wound ◽

Wound Protection ◽

Protection Strategies ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

The Impact ◽

Fungistatic Effect

The genus Lasiodiplodia has been reported from several grape growing regions and is considered as one of the fastest wood colonizers, causing Botryosphaeria dieback. The aim of this study was to (i) evaluate the efficacy of Esquive®, a biocontrol agent, on vineyard pruning wound protection, applied single or, in a combined protection strategy with a new site-targeted copper-based treatment (LC2017), and (ii) compare their efficacy with chemical protection provided by the commercially available product, Tessior®. For two seasons, protectants were applied onto pruning wounds, while LC2017 was applied throughout the season according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pruning wounds of two different cultivars were inoculated with three isolates of Lasiodiplodia spp. Efficacy of the wound protectants, varied between both years of the assay and according to the cultivar studied but were able to control the pathogen to some extent. The application of LC2017 did not show clear evidence of improving the control obtained by the sole application of the other products tested. Nevertheless, LC2017 showed a fungistatic effect against Lasiodiplodia spp., in vitro, and has previously shown an elicitor effect against grapevine trunk diseases. Therefore, this combination of two protection strategies may constitute a promising long-term approach to mitigate the impact of Botryosphaeria dieback.

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The Role of Low Molecular Weight Fungal Metabolites in Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogenesis: Eutypa Dieback and Esca

10.1101/2021.08.09.455770 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriel Perez-Gonzalez ◽

Dana Sebestyen ◽

Elsa Petit ◽

Jody Jellison ◽

Laura Mugnai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Enzymatic Catalysis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Causal Mechanism ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Eutypa Dieback ◽

Trunk Diseases

Eutypa dieback and Esca are serious grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) caused by fungal consortia causing large economic losses in vineyards. Depending on the disease the species involved include Eutypa lata, Phaeoacremonium minimum, and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. There is a need to understand the complex pathogenesis mechanisms used by these fungi to develop treatments for the diseases they cause. Low molecular weight metabolites (LMW) are known to be involved in non-enzymatic oxygen radical generation in fungal degradation of wood by some Basidiomycota species, and as part of our work to explore the basis for fungal consortia pathogenesis, LMW metabolite involvement by the causal GTD fungi was explored. The GTD fungal pathogens examined, E. lata, P. minimum and P. chlamydospora, were found to produce low molecular weight iron binding metabolites that preferentially reduced iron or redox cycled to produce hydrogen peroxide. Uniquely, different LMW metabolites isolated from the GTD fungi promoted distinct chemistries that are important in a type of non-enzymatic catalysis known as chelator-mediated Fenton (CMF) reactions. CMF chemistry promoted by LMW metabolites from these fungi allowed for the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals under conditions promoted by the fungi. We hypothesize that this new reported mechanism may help to explain the necrosis of woody grapevine tissue as a causal mechanism important in pathogenesis in these two grapevine trunk diseases.

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Production of Phytotoxic Metabolites by Botryosphaeriaceae in Naturally Infected and Artificially Inoculated Grapevines

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 802

Author(s):

Pierluigi Reveglia ◽

Regina Billones-Baaijens ◽

Jennifer Millera Millera Niem ◽

Marco Masi ◽

Alessio Cimmino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Physiological Factors ◽

Diplodia Seriata ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

One Year ◽

Pathogen Dna

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are considered a serious problem to viticulture worldwide. Several GTD fungal pathogens produce phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that were hypothesized to migrate to the foliage where they cause distinct symptoms. The role of PMs in the expression of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) symptoms in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood using molecular and analytical chemistry techniques was investigated. Wood samples from field vines naturally infected with BD and one-year-old vines inoculated with Diplodia seriata, Spencermartinsia viticola and Dothiorella vidmadera were analysed by cultural isolations, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and targeted LC-MS/MS to detect three PMs: (R)-mellein, protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin. (R)-mellein was detected in symptomatic naturally infected wood and vines artificially inoculated with D. seriata but was absent in all non-symptomatic wood. The amount of (R)-mellein detected was correlated with the amount of pathogen DNA detected by qPCR. Protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin were absent in all inoculated wood samples. (R)-mellein may be produced by the pathogen during infection to break down the wood, however it was not translocated into other parts of the vine. The foliar symptoms previously reported in vineyards may be due to a combination of PMs produced and climatic and physiological factors that require further investigation.

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Ozone damage, detoxification and the role of isoprenoids – new impetus for integrated models

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp15302 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 324 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Supriya Tiwari ◽

Rüdiger Grote ◽

Galina Churkina ◽

Tim Butler

Keyword(s):

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Damage Scenarios ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Defence Responses ◽

High Concentrations ◽

The Impact

High concentrations of ozone (O3) can have significant impacts on the health and productivity of agricultural and forest ecosystems, leading to significant economic losses. In order to estimate this impact under a wide range of environmental conditions, the mechanisms of O3 impacts on physiological and biochemical processes have been intensively investigated. This includes the impact on stomatal conductance, the formation of reactive oxygen species and their effects on enzymes and membranes, as well as several induced and constitutive defence responses. This review summarises these processes, discusses their importance for O3 damage scenarios and assesses to which degree this knowledge is currently used in ecosystem models which are applied for impact analyses. We found that even in highly sophisticated models, feedbacks affecting regulation, detoxification capacity and vulnerability are generally not considered. This implies that O3 inflicted alterations in carbon and water balances cannot be sufficiently well described to cover immediate plant responses under changing environmental conditions. Therefore, we suggest conceptual models that link the depicted feedbacks to available process-based descriptions of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and isoprenoid formation, particularly the linkage to isoprenoid models opens up new options for describing biosphere-atmosphere interactions.

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Characterization of Botryosphaeriaceae Species as Causal Agents of Trunk Diseases on Grapevines

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-15-0286-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 1678-1688 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Antonia Carlucci ◽

Francesca Cibelli ◽

Francesco Lops ◽

Maria Luisa Raimondo

Keyword(s):

Elongation Factor ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

General Decline ◽

Wide Range ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

Pathogenicity Tests

Botryosphaeriaceae spp. have a cosmopolitan distribution and a wide range of plant hosts. Over the last 15 years, worldwide, 21 species of this family have been associated with grapevine trunk diseases that cause cankers and dieback on grapevines. Here, we surveyed vineyards of Vitis vinifera ‘Lambrusco’, ‘Sangiovese’, and ‘Montepulciano’ in three areas of the Foggia province (Cerignola, Foggia, and San Severo) in southern Italy. Wood samples from grapevines showing general decline, dieback, cankers, and wood and foliar discoloration yielded 344 fungal isolates identified as Botryosphaeriaceae spp. A phylogenetic study combining internal transcribed spacer and translation elongation factor 1-α sequences of 60 representative isolates identified nine botryosphaeriaceous species: Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia corticola, D. mutila, D. seriata, Dothiorella iberica, Do. sarmentorum, Lasiodiplodia citricola, L. theobromae, and Neofusicoccum parvum. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all nine species cause canker and dieback of grapevines. However, this is the first report of L. citricola as causal agent of wood cankers and dieback of grapevine. To date, including L. citricola, there are 25 botryosphaeriaceous species associated with V. vinifera worldwide, of which 12 have been reported for grapevines in Italy.

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The presence of bacterial stalk rot disease on corn in Indonesia: A review

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 911 (1) ◽

pp. 012058

Author(s):

Suriani ◽

Baharuddin Patandjengi ◽

Muh. Junaid ◽

Amran Muis

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Control Measures ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Maize Production ◽

Stalk Rot ◽

Efficient Control ◽

Quarantine Station ◽

Rot Disease ◽

The Impact

Abstract Bacterial stalk rot disease in corn results in a significant reduction in yield due to the interruption of the flow of nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant. Pathogenic bacteria infect the inner tissue of the stalk until it rots. This disease has been reported to attack corn crops in Asia and Europe such as India, Korea, Thailand, Philippines, Nepal, Mexico, Serbia, and China. In Indonesia, this disease was first reported to attack corn in the West Sulawesi region by the Mamuju Class II Quarantine Station. The results of molecular identification indicated that this disease is caused by the bacterium Dickeya zeae, previously known as Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae that previously reported attacked pineapple and aloe vera in Indonesia. The potential for economic losses due to this disease is quite high, so appropriate and efficient control measures are needed. Based on those, this research study about the symptom, the characteristic of the bacteria agent caused the stalk rot disease, the distribution and the impact to the maize production in Indonesia.

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Prospects for the use of modern technological solutions in the flat-lying coal seams development, taking into account the danger of the formation of the places of its spontaneous combustion

Записки Горного института ◽

10.31897/pmi.2021.4.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 250 ◽

pp. 534-541

Author(s):

Vladimir Zubov ◽

Dmitrii Golubev

Keyword(s):

Spontaneous Combustion ◽

Underground Mining ◽

Fire Hazard ◽

Coal Dust ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Coal Seams ◽

Emergency Situations ◽

Wide Range ◽

Spontaneous Combustion Of Coal ◽

The Impact

Spontaneous combustion of coal remains an important problem for coal mines, which can lead to an explosion of methane and coal dust. Accidents associated with spontaneous combustion of coal can cause significant economic losses to coal mining companies, as well as entail social damage – injuries and loss of life. Accidents are known at the Kuzbass mines, which occurred as a result of negligent attitude to the danger of spontaneous combustion of coal, the victims of which were dozens of people. The analysis of emergency situations associated with spontaneous combustion of coal shows that the existing wide range of means of preventing endogenous fires does not provide complete safety when working out coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, therefore, spontaneous combustion places continue to occur in mines. The consequences that may arise as a result of a methane explosion initiated by a self-ignition place indicate the need to improve the used technologies. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of modern technological solutions used in functioning mines during underground mining of flat-lying coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, and to develop new solutions that reduce endogenous fire hazard. Conclusions on the influence of leaving coal pillars in the developed space, isolated air removal from the stoping face through the developed space, the length of the stoping face and the excavation pillar, and other factors on the danger of the formation of spontaneous combustion places are presented. Conclusions about the possibility of using modern technological solutions in future are also drawn.

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Current knowledge on Grapevine Trunk Diseases with complex etiology: a systemic approach

Phytopathologia Mediterranea ◽

10.36253/phyto-11150 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 29-53

Author(s):

Marion CLAVERIE ◽

Martin NOTARO ◽

Florence FONTAINE ◽

Jacques WERY

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Symptom Expression ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Foliar Symptoms ◽

Starting Point ◽

Foliar Symptom ◽

Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽

Trunk Diseases

Among all causes of grapevine decline, Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are major concerns for grape growers. This paper reviews knowledge and proposes hypotheses on two major GTDs, esca and Botryosphaeria dieback, and assembles a conceptual model. The objective was to collect information into a sequence, from grapevine nursery propagation processes, through foliar symptom expression, to plant death in mature vineyards. Pathogen infection and colonization steps in woody vine tissues, and the hypotheses that have been formulated to explain the outburst of foliar symptoms, are reported and discussed. Factors that could aggravate or repress GTD symptoms and incidence expansion are also addressed. Vine physiology and pathology together could expand understanding of these diseases. Knowledge and hypotheses that need validation are summarized, and a conceptual model is proposed to explain the occurrence of symptoms and the influencing factors. The model could be useful to cope with the complexity of GTDs, and as a starting point for research to unravel knowledge gaps and suggest new disease management strategies.

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