scholarly journals Impact of Early Spring Weather Factors on the Risk of Tomato Spotted Wilt in Peanut

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Olatinwo ◽  
J. O. Paz ◽  
S. L. Brown ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
The Impact

Peanut growers in the southeastern United States have suffered significant economic losses due to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The virus is transmitted by western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and tobacco thrips, F. fusca, and was first reported in the southeast in 1986. The severity of this disease is extremely variable in individual peanut fields, perhaps due to the sensitivity of the vector population to changing weather patterns. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of early spring weather on spotted wilt risk in peanut. On-farm surveys of spotted wilt severity were conducted in Georgia peanut fields in 1998, 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2005. The percent spotted wilt intensity (%) for cv. Georgia Green was recorded and categorized into three intensity levels: low, moderate, and high. Meteorological data were obtained from the Georgia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network for the period between March 1 and April 30. Statistical analysis was conducted to identify weather variables that had significant impact on spotted wilt intensity. The results indicated a high probability of spotted wilt if the number of rain days during March was greater than or equal to 10 days and planting was before 11 May or after 5 June. The total evapotranspiration in April (>127 mm) and the average daily minimum temperature in March (>6.8°C) similarly increased the risk of spotted wilt. Knowing in advance the level of spotted wilt risk expected in a peanut field could assist growers with evaluating management options and significantly improve the impact of their decisions against spotted wilt risk in peanut.

scholarly journals A Predictive Model for Spotted Wilt Epidemics in Peanut Based on Local Weather Conditions and the Tomato spotted wilt virus Risk Index

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1066-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Olatinwo ◽  
J. O. Paz ◽  
S. L. Brown ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), a member of the genus Tospovirus (family Bunyaviridae), is an important plant virus that causes severe damage to peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the southeastern United States. Disease severity has been extremely variable in individual fields in Georgia, due to several factors including variability in weather patterns. A TSWV risk index has been developed by the University of Georgia to aid peanut growers with the assessment and avoidance of high risk situations. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between weather parameters and spotted wilt severity in peanut, and to develop a predictive model that integrates localized weather information into the risk index. On-farm survey data collected during 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2005 growing seasons, and derived weather variables during the same years were analyzed using nonlinear and multiple regression analyses. Meteorological data were obtained from the Georgia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network. The best model explained 61% of the variation in spotted wilt severity (square root transformed) as a function of the interactions between the TSWV risk index, the average daily temperature in April (TavA), the average daily minimum temperature between March and April (TminMA), the accumulated rainfall in March (RainfallM), the accumulated rainfall in April (RainfallA), the number of rain days in April (RainDayA), evapotranspiration in April (EVTA), and the number of days from 1 January to the planting date (JulianDay). Integrating this weather-based model with the TSWV risk index may help peanut growers more effectively manage tomato spotted wilt disease.

scholarly journals Virus status of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) does not affect their response to a thrips lure or host plant volatiles in a Ytube olfactometer

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
S.M. Skill ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
S. Keenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Host Plant Volatiles ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
The Impact

The impact of tospovirus infection on the behaviour of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) was evaluated in a Ytube olfactometer The response of female western flower thrips with or without a tospovirus (Tomato spotted wilt virus TSWV) to a thrips lure (methyl isonicotinate MI) and chrysanthemum buds was recorded Compared to the blank arm significantly more thrips chose the odourladen arm of the Ytube when it contained MI (65 P016) increase the percentage of thrips that chose the odourladen arm over and above the cleanair arm but thrips (virusfree and infected) moved more quickly to the end of either arm when a bud was present The virus status of thrips was confirmed with RTPCR The presence of the virus in the vector did not substantially affect the behavioural response of the vector to a lure or hostplant material (P>04)

scholarly journals Resilience Assessment and Its Enhancement in Tackling Adverse Impact of Ice Disasters for Power Transmission Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazheng Lu ◽  
Jun Guo ◽  
Zhou Jian ◽  
Yihao Yang ◽  
Wenhu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Monte Carlo ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Power Transmission Systems ◽  
The Impact

Ice disasters have frequently occurred worldwide in recent years, which seriously affected power transmission system operations. To improve the resilience of power grids and minimize economic losses, this paper proposes a framework for assessing the influence of ice disasters on the resilience of power transmission systems. This method considers the spatial–temporal impact of ice disasters on the resilience of power transmission systems, and the contingence set for risk assessment is established according to contingency probabilities. Based on meteorological data, the outage models of power transmission components are developed in the form of generic fragility curves, and the ice load is given by a simplified freezing rain ice model. A cell partition method is adopted to analyze the way ice disasters affect the operation of power transmission systems. The sequential Monte Carlo simulation method is used to assess resilience for capturing the stochastic impact of ice disasters and deriving the contingency set. Finally, the IEEE RTS-79 system is employed to investigate the impact of ice disasters by two case studies, which demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed framework. In turn, the results help recognize the resilience of the system under such disasters and the effects of different resilience enhancement measures.

scholarly journals The Impact of Atmospheric Pollutants on Human Health and Economic Loss Assessment

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Houli Zhang ◽  
Shibing You ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Difei Liu ◽  
Xuyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Impact

The impact of air pollution on human health is becoming increasingly severe, and economic losses are a significant impediment to economic and social development. This paper investigates the impact of air pollutants on the respiratory system and its action mechanism by using information on inpatients with respiratory diseases from two IIIA (highest) hospitals in Wuhan from 2015 to 2019, information on air pollutants, and meteorological data, as well as relevant demographic and economic data in China. This paper describes the specific conditions of air pollutant concentrations and respiratory diseases, quantifies the degree of correlation between the two, and then provides a more comprehensive assessment of the economic losses using descriptive statistical methods, the generalized additive model (GAM), cost of illness approach (COI), and scenario analysis. According to the findings, the economic losses caused by PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO exposure are USD 103.17 million, USD 70.54 million, USD 98.02 million, USD 40.35 million, and USD 142.38 million, for a total of USD 454.46 billion, or approximately 0.20% of Wuhan’s GDP in 2019. If the government tightens control of major air pollutants and meets the WHO-recommended criterion values, the annual evitable economic losses would be approximately USD 69.4 million or approximately 0.03% of Wuhan’s GDP in 2019. As a result, the relevant government departments must strengthen air pollution control to mitigate the impact of air pollution on population health and the associated economic losses.

scholarly journals Development of an IPM Strategy for Thrips and Tomato spotted wilt virus in Processing Tomatoes in the Central Valley of California

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozgur Batuman ◽  
Thomas A. Turini ◽  
Michelle LeStrange ◽  
Scott Stoddard ◽  
Gene Miyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Processing Tomatoes ◽  
Ipm Strategy

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV; species Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus; genus Orthotospovirus; family Tospoviridae) is a thrips-transmitted virus that can cause substantial economic losses to many crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Since 2005, TSWV emerged as an economically important virus of processing tomatoes in the Central Valley of California, in part due to increased populations of the primary thrips vector, western flower thrips (WFT; Frankliniella occidentalis). To develop an understanding of the epidemiology of TSWV in this region, population densities of WFT and incidence of TSWV were monitored in California’s processing tomato transplant-producing greenhouses and associated open fields from 2007 to 2013. Thrips were monitored with yellow sticky cards and in tomato flowers, whereas TSWV incidence was assessed with indicator plants and field surveys for virus symptoms. All thrips identified from processing tomato fields were WFT, and females were three-fold more abundant on sticky cards than males. Symptoms of TSWV infection were observed in all monitored processing tomato fields. Incidences of TSWV ranged from 1 to 20%, with highest incidence found in late-planted fields. There was no single primary inoculum source, and inoculum sources for thrips/TSWV varied depending on the production region. These results allowed us to develop a model for TSWV infection of processing tomatoes in the Central Valley of California. The model predicts that low levels of primary TSWV inoculum are amplified in early-planted tomatoes and other susceptible crops leading to highest levels of infection in later-planted fields, especially those with high thrips populations. Based upon these findings, an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy for TSWV in processing tomatoes in California was devised. This IPM strategy focuses on strategic field placement (identification of high-risk situations), planting TSWV- and thrips-free transplants, planting resistant varieties, monitoring for TSWV symptoms and thrips, roguing infected plants, thrips management targeting early generations, extensive sanitation after harvest, and strategic cropping to avoid overlap with winter bridge crops.

scholarly journals Artificial Radiation Frost Chamber for Frost Formation on Tea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4726
Author(s):  
Yong-Zong Lu ◽  
Yong-Guang Hu ◽  
Jin-Tao Tian ◽  
Huan Song ◽  
Richard L. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Frost Formation ◽  
River Region

The Yangtze River region is the main production area for famous, high-quality tea in China. Radiation frost frequently occurs in this region, especially in the early spring during calm and clear nights, and it causes substantial damage to crops, which leads to huge economic losses for tea growers. The formation of frost is difficult to experimentally control due to the complexity and variability of the agro-micrometeorological environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate an artificial radiation frost chamber based on the temperature difference between leaf and air dew point, which was designed for advanced frost-related research. Micro-meteorological data and the frost formation process were monitored in an experimental tea field during typical radiation frost nights to mimic declining temperatures that are consistent with nature. The radiation frost chamber model and main parameters were determined by theoretical calculations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. A frost-forming experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of the frost chamber. The observation results showed that the greatest temperature difference between leaf and air dew point (Tdiffer) was −2.3 °C. The simulation results showed that the desublimation cooling rate of the air vapor was greater than sublimation, and the Tdiffer should be greater than −3.2 °C, which could cause frost to easily form on the leaf. The performance testing results showed that leaf temperature slowly declined after a rapid decrease, which is similar to the natural condition, which results in noticeable frost formation on the leaf.

scholarly journals Yield of Müller-Thurgau and Riesling grapevines is altered by meteorological conditions in the current and previous growing seasons

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Keller ◽  
Daniel Molitor
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
The Impact

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background and Aims:</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Grape yields show distinct interannual fluctuations caused by environmental conditions. Statistical investigations based on a 22-year data set (1993-2015) of annual yields of two grape cultivars grown in Luxembourg aimed at (i) investigating the impact of meteorological conditions during specific phases of yield formation, (ii) identifying meteorological conditions with predictive value for annual grape yield, and (iii) developing models to simulate yield based on meteorological data.</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and Results:</strong></p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;">Window pane analysis showed that pre-bloom and bloom minimum temperatures and precipitation sums in the preceding year, winter temperatures, spring temperatures, and post-veraison minimum temperatures in the current year were positively correlated with annual yield; early spring and post-harvest temperatures in the preceding year, and, for Riesling, pre-bloom precipitation sums and post-bloom maximum temperatures in the current year were negatively correlated with annual yield. Models developed from these data simulated annual yield with high accuracy (R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0.88 for Riesling, and R<sup>2</sup><sub>adj</sub> = 0.92 for Müller-Thurgau).</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions:</strong></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Meteorological conditions during distinct periods of yield formation are correlated with annual yield. Yield models can be used in practical viticulture as well as in climate change impact studies.</p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance of the study:</strong></p><p class="Tabelle" style="text-align: justify;">Enhanced understanding of the effects of meteorological conditions during specific periods of yield formation supports growers’ efforts to optimize viticultural measures aimed at achieving adequate yield levels.</p>

scholarly journals Weather and Aggressive Behavior among Patients in Psychiatric Hospitals—An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9121
Author(s):  
Jakub Lickiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowicz ◽  
Patricia Paulsen Hughes ◽  
Marta Makara-Studzińska
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Coercive Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The number of meteoropaths, or people negatively affected by weather conditions, is rising dramatically. Meteoropathy is developing rapidly due to ever poorer adaptations of people to changes in weather conditions. Strong weather stimuli may not only exacerbate symptoms in people with diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems but may also induce aggressive behavior. Researchers have shown that patients suffering from mental illnesses are most vulnerable to changes in the weather and postulate a connection between the seasons and aggressive behavior. Methods: The goal of the study was to analyze the relationship between coercive measures and weather factors. The researchers identified what meteorological conditions prevailed on days with an increased number of incidents of aggressive behavior leading to the use of physical coercion towards patients in a psychiatric hospital in Poland. In order to determine the impact of weather conditions on the frequency at which physical coercion measures were used, the hospital’s “coercion sheets” from 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2017 were analyzed. The data were correlated with meteorological data. In order to determine the relationship between the occurrence of specific weather conditions and the number of coercive interventions (N), researchers utilized Spearman’s rank correlation analysis together with two-dimensional scatter diagrams (dependency models), multiple regression, stepwise regression, frequencies, and conditional probability (%). Results: Lower barometric pressure and foehn wind increased aggressive behavior in patients that led to coercive measures. For temperature (positive correlation) and humidity (negative correlation), there was a poor but statistically significant correlation. Conclusions: Monitoring weather conditions might be useful in predicting and preventing aggression by patients who are susceptible to weather changes

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
E. V. DMITRIEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Security System ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crisis Situations

The article considers topical issues of economic support for the development of the regional security system of the population against various risks. The dependence of the impact of the scale of crisis situations on economic activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which become a serious barrier to the sustainable development of the regions of the country, was investigated. The increasing importance of risks of economic losses from accidents and disasters at potentially dangerous facilities as a result of the complex influence of natural, manmade and fire factors has been established. An analysis was carried out and proposals were developed to implement the key tasks of the state in the field of ensuring the protection of the population and territories of the country from disasters in order to ensure the stability of the economy. The organizational structure, division of tasks and functions between officials, crisis management structures and responding units were analyzed, taking into account the reduction in current financial costs. On the basis of a study of the peculiarities of the regions of the country, recommendations were formed to fulfill the necessary tasks by the anti-crisis management bodies in the field of reducing economic damage on the basis of preventing crisis situations and ensuring fire safety. It is proposed to organize the practical application of a complex automated security system based on modern developments with the application of improving the qualities and efficiency of anti-crisis management processes in order to increase economic efficiency. Initial data were formed to reduce potential threats of a natural, man-made, fire and other nature in the regions using financial and economic mechanisms. It is proposed to implement a set of priority measures to further improve and increase the potential of economic support for the anti-crisis management system. The materials of the article can be used in planning the main directions of the development of the regional population security system and the implementation of socio-economic development programs.

Maternal-Fetal Management in Trombophilia Related and Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2396-2401
Author(s):  
Costin Berceanu ◽  
Elena Loredana Ciurea ◽  
Monica Mihaela Cirstoiu ◽  
Sabina Berceanu ◽  
Anca Maria Ofiteru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Pregnancy Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

It is widely accepted that thrombophilia in pregnancy greatly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. Pregnancy complications arise, at least partly, from placental insufficiency. Any change in the functioning of the gestational transient biological system, such as inherited or acquired thrombophilia, might lead to placental insufficiency. In this research we included 64 pregnant women with trombophilia and 70 cases non-trombophilic pregnant women, with or without PMPC, over a two-year period. The purpose of this multicenter case-control study is to analyze the maternal-fetal management options in obstetric thrombophilia, the impact of this pathology on the placental structure and possible correlations with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Maternal-fetal management in obstetric thrombophilia means preconceptional or early diagnosis, prevention of pregnancy morbidity, specific therapy as quickly as possible and fetal systematic surveilance to identify the possible occurrence of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications.

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