scholarly journals Greenhouse Comparison of Two Detection Methods for Potato virus YN-Wi at Four Potato Growth Stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Beissinger ◽  
Debra Ann Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Veinal Necrosis ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Common Laboratory

Potato virus Y (PVY) causes significant crop and monetary losses. Owing to the prevalence of newly emerging strains of PVY such as PVYN-Wi, which often cause asymptomatic to mild reactions on certain potato cultivars, accurate tools are required to detect the virus in potato production. This study compared the sensitivity of a rapid field detection method (immunostrips) with a common laboratory detection method (triple antibody sandwich ELISA) on cultivar Chieftain, grown under isolated conditions in a greenhouse and mechanically inoculated with PVYN-Wi, at four potato growth stages (emergence, preflower, postflower, and senescence). Plants inoculated at emergence displayed severe symptoms of mosaic, veinal necrosis, and leaf drop. Plants inoculated at preflower, postflower, and senescence had veinal necrosis but low or no incidence of mosaic and leaf drop. Overall, few or no tuber symptoms were observed, but a trend of lower tuber yield occurred for emergence-inoculated plants. Low variability in PVYN-Wi detection occurred in both tests for emergence-inoculated plants, whereas those inoculated at preflower and postflower had more variability. Because symptom expression may differ depending on the growth stage when a plant becomes infected, these variations should be heeded with either detection method when collecting samples for PVY testing.

scholarly journals First Identification of an Unusual Recombinant Potato virus Y Strain in Potato in Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Robles-Hernández ◽  
A. C. González-Franco ◽  
J. Hernández-Huerta ◽  
T. M. Meacham ◽  
O. V. Nikolaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Central State ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Systemic Vein

Potato virus Y (PVY) has been reported in potato crops in Mexico (3), with tobacco necrotic variants found in the central State of Mexico (4). Nevertheless, many individual states are currently declared PVY free and distribution of individual strains of PVY in potato in different states of Mexico and in different solanaceous crops had not yet been studied. A limited field PVY survey was conducted on potato in the State of Chihuahua in August 2009. More than 900 random potato leaf samples were collected from cvs. Snowden, Atlantic, FL1867, Felsina, Fianna, Gigant, and Alpha. Seven were found to be PVY-positive and had been collected from cvs. Fianna, Snowden, and FL1867. The PVY status of the collected samples was initially determined with the PVY-specific Immunostrips (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland) and by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA using the polyclonal PVY detection kit (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). To determine the strain specificity of these PVY isolates following ELISA tests, the infected original samples were inoculated onto tobacco plants at the four-leaf stage and symptom appearance and development were observed for 8 weeks side-by-side with control isolates PB-Oz (PVYO), N4 (PVYNTN), and Mont (PVYN) (1), followed by the standard PVY strain typing by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (2). Only one of the PVY-positive samples, originally from symptomless potato cv. Fianna, induced systemic PVY infection in tobacco by producing stunting, mosaic, and vein clearing. No systemic vein necrosis, characteristic of isolates Mont and N4, was observed in Nicotiana tabacum cvs. Burley, Xanthi, or Samsun after inoculation with this isolate during all 8 weeks of observation. This isolate, PVY-M3, was typed as a PVY recombinant by RT-PCR, with two recombinant junctions characteristic of European PVYNTN strains (2). It was further analyzed by triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA using four PVYO and PVYN strain-specific monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonals 1F5 (Agdia) and SASA-N (Scottish Agriculture Science Agency [SASA], Edinburgh) reacted to this isolate and identified PVY-M3 serologically as PVYN serotype, characteristic of other PVYNTN recombinants. Monoclonals MAb2 (Agdia) and SASA-O (SASA), specific to PVYO and PVYC strains, did not react to PVY-M3. Taken together, the combination of biological, serological, and molecular characteristics define this recombinant isolate from Mexico as belonging to the same PVY strain group represented by the isolate PVY-L26 (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an unusual PVYNTN recombinant strain from Mexico. Presence of this isolate, with no vein necrotic symptoms induced on tobacco and with PVYNTN genome, will necessitate development of new detection methods for the seed potato industry in Mexico. References: (1) X. Hu et al. Virus Res. 143:68, 2009. (2) J. L. Lorenzen et al. Plant Dis. 90:935, 2006. (3) L. P. Moreno et al. Rev. Mex. Fitopatol. 22:187, 2004. (4) V. R. Ramirez-Rodriguez et al. Virol. J. 6:48, 2009.

scholarly journals Identification of an Isolate of Potato virus Y-Tuber Necrotic Strain on Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea)

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1207-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Bellardi ◽  
C. Rubies-Autonell ◽  
C. Cerato
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Veinal Necrosis ◽  
Salvia Sclarea ◽  
Malformed Leaves

In 1999, clary sage plants (Salvia sclarea L.) at the Herb Garden of Casola Valsenio (Emilia-Romagna Region, northern Italy) exhibited malformed leaves with yellow spots and line patterns. Sap from leaves of symptomatic sage plants caused symptoms in inoculated Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn. plants (local chloro-necrotic lesions developed 7 to 10 days after inoculation) and Nicotiana tabacum L. ‘White Burley’ and ‘Samsun’ plants (systemic veinal necrosis developed ≈ 2 weeks after inoculation). Leaves from symptomatic sage plants tested positive for Potato virus Y (PVY) based on immunoelectron microscopy, gold-labeled decoration, and protein A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using antiserum to PVY (PVAS 50a, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA). Double-antibody sandwich-ELISA, using specific monoclonal antibodies (BioReba AG, Reinach, Switzerland) to the tobacco veinal necrosis strain group of PVY (PVY-N), revealed that the PVY isolate from sage belonged to this group. Immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, using specific primers for PVY and the tuber necrotic strain of PVY (PVY-NTN), further classified the sage isolate as PVY-NTN (1). PVY-NTN causes serious damage to potato in Europe. Clary sage, one of the most important aromatic plants cultivated worldwide as a source of essential oils, represents a new natural host of PVY-NTN. Reference: (1) H. L. Weidemann and E. Maiss. J. Plant Dis. Prot. 103:337, 1996.

scholarly journals Distribution and incidence of viruses in Irish seed potato crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hutton ◽  
J.H. Spink ◽  
D. Griffin ◽  
S. Kildea ◽  
D. Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Potato Crops

Abstract Virus diseases are of key importance in potato production and in particular for the production of disease-free potato seed. However, there is little known about the frequency and distribution of potato virus diseases in Ireland. Despite a large number of samples being tested each year, the data has never been collated either within or across years. Information from all known potato virus testing carried out in the years 2006–2012 by the Department of Agriculture Food and Marine was collated to give an indication of the distribution and incidence of potato virus in Ireland. It was found that there was significant variation between regions, varieties, years and seed classes. A definition of daily weather data suitable for aphid flight was developed, which accounted for a significant proportion of the variation in virus incidence between years. This use of weather data to predict virus risk could be developed to form the basis of an integrated pest management approach for aphid control in Irish potato crops.

scholarly journals PRATD: A Phased Remote Access Trojan Detection Method with Double-Sided Features

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Chun Guo ◽  
Zihua Song ◽  
Yuan Ping ◽  
Guowei Shen ◽  
Yuhei Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
True Positive Rate ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Trojan Detection ◽  
Positive Rate

Remote Access Trojan (RAT) is one of the most terrible security threats that organizations face today. At present, two major RAT detection methods are host-based and network-based detection methods. To complement one another’s strengths, this article proposes a phased RATs detection method by combining double-side features (PRATD). In PRATD, both host-side and network-side features are combined to build detection models, which is conducive to distinguishing the RATs from benign programs because that the RATs not only generate traffic on the network but also leave traces on the host at run time. Besides, PRATD trains two different detection models for the two runtime states of RATs for improving the True Positive Rate (TPR). The experiments on the network and host records collected from five kinds of benign programs and 20 famous RATs show that PRATD can effectively detect RATs, it can achieve a TPR as high as 93.609% with a False Positive Rate (FPR) as low as 0.407% for the known RATs, a TPR 81.928% and FPR 0.185% for the unknown RATs, which suggests it is a competitive candidate for RAT detection.

scholarly journals Detection of Movement Events of Long-Track Speed Skating Using Wearable Inertial Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Yosuke Tomita ◽  
Tomoki Iizuka ◽  
Koichi Irisawa ◽  
Shigeyuki Imura
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Standard Measure ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Pressure System ◽  
Speed Skating ◽  
Stance Time ◽  
Integrated Detection

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have been used increasingly to characterize long-track speed skating. We aimed to estimate the accuracy of IMUs for use in phase identification of long-track speed skating. Twelve healthy competitive athletes on a university long-track speed skating team participated in this study. Foot pressure, acceleration and knee joint angle were recorded during a 1000-m speed skating trial using the foot pressure system and IMUs. The foot contact and foot-off timing were identified using three methods (kinetic, acceleration and integrated detection) and the stance time was also calculated. Kinetic detection was used as the gold standard measure. Repeated analysis of variance, intra-class coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots were used to estimate the extent of agreement between the detection methods. The stance time computed using the acceleration and integrated detection methods did not differ by more than 3.6% from the gold standard measure. The ICCs ranged between 0.657 and 0.927 for the acceleration detection method and 0.700 and 0.948 for the integrated detection method. The limits of agreement were between 90.1% and 96.1% for the average stance time. Phase identification using acceleration and integrated detection methods is valid for evaluating the kinematic characteristics during long-track speed skating.

scholarly journals Early Detection Methods for Silicosis in Australia and Internationally: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Emma K. Austin ◽  
Carole James ◽  
John Tessier
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Occupational Lung Disease ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Future Work

Pneumoconiosis, or occupational lung disease, is one of the world’s most prevalent work-related diseases. Silicosis, a type of pneumoconiosis, is caused by inhaling respirable crystalline silica (RCS) dust. Although silicosis can be fatal, it is completely preventable. Hundreds of thousands of workers globally are at risk of being exposed to RCS at the workplace from various activities in many industries. Currently, in Australia and internationally, there are a range of methods used for the respiratory surveillance of workers exposed to RCS. These methods include health and exposure questionnaires, spirometry, chest X-rays, and HRCT. However, these methods predominantly do not detect the disease until it has significantly progressed. For this reason, there is a growing body of research investigating early detection methods for silicosis, particularly biomarkers. This literature review summarises the research to date on early detection methods for silicosis and makes recommendations for future work in this area. Findings from this review conclude that there is a critical need for an early detection method for silicosis, however, further laboratory- and field-based research is required.

Elimination of outlier measurements for damage detection of structures under changing environmental conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172199847
Author(s):  
William Soo Lon Wah ◽  
Yining Xia
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Bridge Structure ◽  
Beam Structure ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Difference

Damage detection methods developed in the literature are affected by the presence of outlier measurements. These measurements can prevent small levels of damage to be detected. Therefore, a method to eliminate the effects of outlier measurements is proposed in this article. The method uses the difference in fits to examine how deleting an observation affects the predicted value of a model. This allows the observations that have a large influence on the model created, to be identified. These observations are the outlier measurements and they are eliminated from the database before the application of damage detection methods. Eliminating the outliers before the application of damage detection methods allows the normal procedures to detect damage, to be implemented. A multiple-regression-based damage detection method, which uses the natural frequencies as both the independent and dependent variables, is also developed in this article. A beam structure model and an experimental wooden bridge structure are analysed using the multiple-regression-based damage detection method with and without the application of the method proposed to eliminate the effects of outliers. The results obtained demonstrate that smaller levels of damage can be detected when the effects of outlier measurements are eliminated using the method proposed in this article.

scholarly journals Recognition of Bimolecular Logic Operation Pattern Based on a Solid-State Nanopore

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Han Yan ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Ting Weng ◽  
Libo Zhu ◽  
Pang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Operation Pattern ◽  
Simple Detection ◽  
Dna Tetrahedron ◽  
Marker Molecule

Nanopores have a unique advantage for detecting biomolecules in a label-free fashion, such as DNA that can be synthesized into specific structures to perform computations. This method has been considered for the detection of diseased molecules. Here, we propose a novel marker molecule detection method based on DNA logic gate by deciphering a variable DNA tetrahedron structure using a nanopore. We designed two types of probes containing a tetrahedron and a single-strand DNA tail which paired with different parts of the target molecule. In the presence of the target, the two probes formed a double tetrahedron structure. As translocation of the single and the double tetrahedron structures under bias voltage produced different blockage signals, the events could be assigned into four different operations, i.e., (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 1), according to the predefined structure by logic gate. The pattern signal produced by the AND operation is obviously different from the signal of the other three operations. This pattern recognition method has been differentiated from simple detection methods based on DNA self-assembly and nanopore technologies.

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