scholarly journals Incremental cost of nosocomial bacteremia according to the focus of infection and antibiotic sensitivity of the causative microorganism in a university hospital

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (17) ◽  
pp. e6645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Riu ◽  
Pietro Chiarello ◽  
Roser Terradas ◽  
Maria Sala ◽  
Enric Garcia-Alzorriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Causative Microorganism ◽  
Nosocomial Bacteremia ◽  
Focus Of Infection

scholarly journals Sepsis in a university hospital: a prospective study for the cost analysis of patients' hospitalization

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maynara Fernanda Carvalho Barreto ◽  
Mara Solange Gomes Dellaroza ◽  
Gilselena Kerbauy ◽  
Cintia Magalhães Carvalho Grion
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pulmonary Focus

Abstract OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost of hospitalization of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock admitted or diagnosed in the Urgent and Emergency sector at a university hospital and followed until the clinical outcome. METHOD An epidemiological, prospective, observational study conducted in a public hospital in southern Brazil for the period of one year (August 2013 to August 2014). Sepsis notification forms, medical records and data of the cost sector were used for the collection of clinical and epidemiological data. RESULTS The sample comprised 95 patients, resulting in a total high cost of hospitalization (R$ 3,692,421.00), and an average of R$ 38,867.60 per patient. Over half of the total value of the treatment of sepsis (R$ 2,215,773.50) was assigned to patients who progressed to death (59.0%). The higher costs were related to discharge, diagnosis of severe sepsis, the pulmonary focus of infection and the age group of up to 59 years. CONCLUSION The high cost of the treatment of sepsis justifies investments in training actions and institution of protocols that can direct preventive actions, and optimize diagnosis and treatment in infected and septic patients.

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Susceptibility in a University Hospital: Recognition and Treatment

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Rotschafer ◽  
Lois R. Shikuma
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Current Level ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Nosocomial Bacteremia ◽  
Life Threatening

Pseudomonas aeruginosa continues to be a leading cause of nosocomial bacteremia and other serious, often life-threatening infections. The incidence of P. aeruginosa infection appears to be increasing. The resilience of Pseudomonas in the hospital environment, its endogenous virulence factors, and its current level of resistance to antimicrobials make it a formidable

scholarly journals Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among low risk pregnant women attending antenatal care clinic in tertiary hospital: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abbas ◽  
Moustafa Kamel ◽  
Mohammed Z. Abdelrahman ◽  
Ahmed A. Youssef ◽  
Mohammed A. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Clinic

Background: The current study aims to identify the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among low-risk pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinic of tertiary University Hospital and to detect the most common causative organisms.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary University Hospital in the period between 1st November 2017 and 31st June 2018. All eligible women attending the outpatient clinic for antenatal care were approached to participate in the study. The recruited women were assessed through detailed history and clinical examination. Urine samples were taken for culture and sensitivity within two hours, in order to avoid bacterial multiplication. Urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test were done.Results: The study included 250 women. The mean age of included women was 25.89±5.49 (18-42 years). The urine analysis results showed that 32% of cases had pus cells >5 per high power field and 10.4% of cases have protein (+). Casts were present in 0.8% of cases. RBCs >5 per high power field were present in 4.8% of cases. ASB is defined as urine culture with more than 100,000 colony forming unit; this was present in 30 cases. This indicates that the prevalence of ASB among studied cases was 12%. Enterococcus was the most prevalent organism as it was present in 36.7% among positive cases. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed to the growing organisms indicated that teicoplanin, imipenem, cefoxitin, cefotaxime + clavulanic acid, Entrapenem, and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole are the most effective antibiotics against the most common organisms causing asymptomatic bacteriuria.Conclusions: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among low-risk pregnant women is about 12%. Urine culture for asymptomatic bacteriuria should be the standard of care for evaluation of pregnant patient during antenatal care as regard presence or absence of UTI.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Nosocomial Bacteremia Due to Bacteria from the “<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> Complex” at Libreville University Hospital Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (09) ◽  
pp. 417-427
Author(s):  
Sévérin Medzegue Nguema ◽  
Priest Davin Nguema ◽  
Sophie Aboughe Angone ◽  
Léonard Kouegnigan Rerambiah
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Bacteremia ◽  
Hospital Center

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phenotypic Variations in the Antibiotics Sensitivity of Escherichia Coli by Repeated Exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Andry Maharo Andrianarivelo ◽  
Christian Emmanuel Mahavy ◽  
Marson Raherimandimby ◽  
Tsiry Rasamiravaka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity

Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Escherichia coli, are habitual residents of the gastrointestinal tract, capable of causing a large number of infections. The MIC varies according to the bacterial strains and the antibiotics used, hence the need to carry out antibiotic sensitivity tests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of Escherichia coli after repeated exposure to the same antibiotic to demonstrate a possible correlation between excessive intake of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. A prospective and descriptive study was carried out in the Laboratory of Microbiology of Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry (Faculty of Sciences Antananarivo) during the month of November 2019. The strains studied were the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 provided by the Laboratory and two clinical strains from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center (CHU JRA) Antananarivo. Repeated exposure to Tobramycin and Ofloxacin of these strains were performed. The results of our study showed that most E. coli is exposed to the antibiotic, the more it develops resistance. The evolution of E. coli's sensitivity is different in the presence of Tobramycin with MICs up to 4 times the starting value while in the presence of Ofloxacin, the MIC increases to 125 times the initial value. This difference may be due to the different target of the antibiotic which causes the bacteria to develop variable mechanisms to escape it. Key words: E. coli - MIC - antibiotics - repeated exposure

Bacterial Contamination of Stored Blood and Blood Components Ready for Transfusion at the Blood Bank

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Seham A. Khodair ◽  
Abeer H. El-Shalakany ◽  
Sahar M. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Contamination of donated blood is considered a serious health problem. The term (Bacterial contamination) is the existence of bacteria in the blood or its products that are collected in blood bags and stored for transfusion. Blood bags prepared for transfusion should be free from micro-organisms. Blood collection and processing must be done under complete aseptic conditions and techniques. However, sources of the donated blood contamination may be endogenous (the source of contamination is from the donors) or exogenous source (during the collection and processing Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the rate of contamination, and identify the types of micro-organisms detected in the blood products prepared for transfusion and to detect antimicrobial susceptibility (antibiotic sensitivity tests) ) of contaminant agents in blood of blood bank bags. Methodology: After adoption of Local Institutional Ethical Committee of Menoufia University Hospital, this study was established at the blood bank of Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt. Over eighteen months from April 2018 to October 2019. One hundred donor’s blood samples were withdrawn for culture to detect bacterial growth. In addition, the antibiotic sensitivity tests of the growing micro-organisms were performed. Results: From the 100 sample donor blood, 12 blood bags (12%) showed isolates of different bacteria. Eight of the isolated bacteria were Gram-positive cocci representing 66.7%. Conclusion: The predominantly isolated bacteria were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Staph aureus was resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole by susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection: Spectrum of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Acharya ◽  
B Bogati ◽  
GT Shrestha ◽  
P Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is common in both diabetic and non diabetic patients. Since the microorganisms causing UTI vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and time to time, hence constant screening of trends and susceptibility pattern of predominant   organisms against antimicrobials is essential. The study aims to determine the spectrum of  ropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in both diabetic and non diabetic patients with clinically suspected UTI .A prospective cross sectional study was conducted during period of February 2013 to July 2013 among 90 diabetic and 90 non diabetic patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital,  Dhulikhel, Kavre (DH-KUH). All samples and isolates were investigated by standard laboratory rocedures. A total of 55 (30.5%) samples showed significant growth. No significant difference among culture positivity rate was noted between diabetic and non diabetic patients (34.5% Vs 26.7%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism (64.5% in diabetic and 66.7% non diabetic) followed by Klebsiella sps (22.6% in diabetic and 12.5% in non diabetic). Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin were highly sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials followed by  otrimoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Least sensitivity rate was observed with ampicillin and cephalexin. However, no difference was noted on the sensitivity pattern of the antimicrobials among E. coli isolated between diabetic and non diabetic patients. In this study high proportion of gram negative bacilli with predominant uropathogen being E. coli was noted. Irrespective of the status of diabetes, Staphylococcus sps and Pseudomonas sps were not isolated from UTI patients in our study. The isolation of organisms and their resistance pattern was almost similar between diabetic and non diabetic patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11998Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 24-28

scholarly journals Coryneform Bacteria Isolated from Blood Cultures and Their Antibiotic Susceptibilities

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Balci ◽  
F Ekşi ◽  
A Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Coryneform Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Corynebacterium Striatum ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

We aimed to determine the types of corynebacteria isolated from the blood of patients at Gaziantep University Hospital, Turkey, and their antibiotic susceptibilities. Between February 1999 and June 2001, 3530 blood samples were cultured, of which 915 were found to be positive, and these were further investigated in the bacteriology laboratory. Among positive blood cultures, coryneform bacteria were identified in 31 (3.4%) isolates. Of these, 16 (51.6%) were Corynebacterium jeikeium, six (19.4%) were Corynebacterium striatum, four (12.9%) were Corynebacterium amycolatum, two (6.5%) were Cellulomonas species, two (6.5%) were Corynebacterium afermentans and one isolate (3.2%) was Corynebacterium propinquum. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that C. jeikeium was resistant to various antibiotics, whereas all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin. This study illustrates the importance of taking coryneform bacteria into consideration when culturing blood samples. The need to identify the species and determine its antibiotic sensitivity is emphasized.

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