scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection: Spectrum of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Acharya ◽  
B Bogati ◽  
GT Shrestha ◽  
P Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is common in both diabetic and non diabetic patients. Since the microorganisms causing UTI vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and time to time, hence constant screening of trends and susceptibility pattern of predominant   organisms against antimicrobials is essential. The study aims to determine the spectrum of  ropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in both diabetic and non diabetic patients with clinically suspected UTI .A prospective cross sectional study was conducted during period of February 2013 to July 2013 among 90 diabetic and 90 non diabetic patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital,  Dhulikhel, Kavre (DH-KUH). All samples and isolates were investigated by standard laboratory rocedures. A total of 55 (30.5%) samples showed significant growth. No significant difference among culture positivity rate was noted between diabetic and non diabetic patients (34.5% Vs 26.7%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism (64.5% in diabetic and 66.7% non diabetic) followed by Klebsiella sps (22.6% in diabetic and 12.5% in non diabetic). Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin were highly sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials followed by  otrimoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Least sensitivity rate was observed with ampicillin and cephalexin. However, no difference was noted on the sensitivity pattern of the antimicrobials among E. coli isolated between diabetic and non diabetic patients. In this study high proportion of gram negative bacilli with predominant uropathogen being E. coli was noted. Irrespective of the status of diabetes, Staphylococcus sps and Pseudomonas sps were not isolated from UTI patients in our study. The isolation of organisms and their resistance pattern was almost similar between diabetic and non diabetic patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11998Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 24-28

scholarly journals Assessment of urinary tract infection and their resistance to antibiotics in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nureen Zahra ◽  
Kanwal Rehman ◽  
Rana Aqeel ◽  
Asia Parveen ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Diabetic patients are more susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTIs) than non-diabetic patients and due to the development of multidrug resistant uropathogenic strains, the choice of antibacterial agents is being limited. The study was undertaken to determine the influence of diabetes mellitus on the uropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among patients with UTIs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which total of 400 patients were studied out of which 150 were diabetics and 250 were non-diabetics. Patients with negative urine culture (n = 240) were excluded from the study and 160 patients with positive culture of UTIs of which 80 were diabetics and 80 were non-diabetics, included in this study. Clinical data were obtained from individual study participant with informed written consent using pre-tested questionnaire. According to the clean-catch procedure, midstream urine samples were collected and cultured for the diagnosis and susceptibility of bacteriuria. Out of 160 uropathogenic isolates, <em>E. coli</em> was found as a leading pathogen i.e. 46.25% followed by <em>Candida spp</em>. 30.62%, <em>S. Faecalis</em> 15.62%, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> 3.13%, <em>Pneumococcus</em>. 1.25%, MSSA 1.25%, MRSA 0.63%, <em>Proteus spp</em>. 0.63% and <em>Vancomycin resistant enterococcus spp.</em> 0.63%. The results indicated that prevalence of UTIs was significantly higher in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic subjects. <em>E. coli</em> was found to be the most common isolate. It was observed that UTIs in diabetic patients was more in female diabetic patients than in male patients. Investigation of bacteriuria in diabetic patients for UTIs is an important tool for the treatment and prevention of renal complications.

scholarly journals A clinical study of urinary tract infections in diabetics and non-diabetics patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
C. Sayee Sankar Vinod ◽  
Vishnu Anjan Nareddy ◽  
M. V. Nagabhushana
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Recurrent Uti ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The main aim of the present study is to investigate the differences in clinical, microbiological, characteristics of Urinary tract infection between diabetic and non-diabetic patients and influence of diabetes on the spectrum of URO pathogens and the antimicrobial resistance in patients with urinary tract infections.Methods: The present study is conducted from February 2018-April 2019 in Narayana general hospital. A total of 181 diabetics and 124 non-diabetics are included. A thorough history examination investigations done. The final data was analysed using statistical package SPSS. The percentages in different categories were compared using chi square test and means were compared using student ‘t’ test.Results: The mean age among diabetic and non-diabetic patients was 60.2+/-13.79 years and 53.47+/-18.56 years. Fever is the most common presenting symptom. BPH was the most common predisposing factor in both diabetes and non-diabetes followed by indwelling catherization but there was no statistically significant difference. Diabetics with UTI majority (87.14%) had glyco HBA1C >6.5% with p<0.001. The prevalence of recurrent UTI is higher in diabetics compared to non-diabetics however difference was not statistically significant. Recurrent UTI is higher in females in both diabetics and non-diabetics. The presence of E coli is significantly higher in diabetics compared to non- diabetics. The antimicrobial resistance pattern was similar in both diabetic and no-diabetic subjects in E coli with maximum sensitivity to meropenem and least to ampicillin and there is no statistically significant difference.Conclusion: The host factors found to be associated with UTI are female sex, presence of diabetes, poor glycemic control, presence of fever. No correlation was noted with age, duration of diabetes and type of treatment for diabetes. An elevated HBA1C correlates with occurrence of UTI. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most frequent uropathogen. The resistance of uropathogens to antibiotics are similar in patients with and without diabetes and non-diabetes.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in Patients with Urinary Tract Infection in Janakpurdham, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 5692-5697
Author(s):  
Dr. Digbijay Kumar Thakur ◽  
Dr. Rameshwar Mahaseth ◽  
Dr. Shambhu Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections are most common bacterial infection in routine clinical practice. It is also most common nosocomial infection in many hospitals. Antibiotics are usually given empirically before urine culture reports available and treatment failure rate used to be significantly high. Study of causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern are important factors helping formulating antibiotic policy. Generally, most common uropathogene is Escherichia Coli. Tertiary care hospitals, catering of already partially treated or mal treated patients as major chunk, may have varying etiologies and different sensitivity patterns. Objective: To study the culture and sensitivity patterns of urinary tract infections in patients presenting with urinary symptoms in local hospitals. Study design: A cross sectional study Materials and methods: Study was conducted at Madanta Research Clinic Private Limited from 12th march 021 to 12th September 021. Urine from cases suspected to have symptoms suggestive of UTI were send for bacteriological culture and sensitivity. Demographic profiles of each participant along with pathogen isolated, culture sensitivity pattern was documented. Data analysis was done in IBM spss 25. Results: A total 200 samples were selected for bacteriological culture and sensitivity out of which 32% were male and 68% were female. Around 50% of participants were in age group 20-40. There was no growth in 64% sample. Among positive samples (36%), E. coli (most common) was detected in 91.66%, Klebsiella was detected in 6.94%. Gentamicin, Amikacin and Nitrofurantoin were most common antibiotics sensitive to organisms in culture and Cephalosporins group of antibiotics are commonly resistant. Conclusions: coli is the most common organism isolated in urine culture in our region Janakpur. Cephalosporins are resistant in majority of cases where as Aminoglycosides like Amikacin, Gentamicin and Nitrofurantoin are found to be highly sensitive in most of positive cases.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from type 2 diabetic patients with urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Souad Youssouf Kani Elmi ◽  
Medhat Saber Ashour ◽  
Fathy Zakaria Alsewy ◽  
Nashwa Fawzy Abd El Moez Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: T2DM patients are more likely to have UTIs caused by resistant organisms such as ESBLs producing bacteria. Challenging reliable identification and prompt characterization of in-vitro susceptibilities of these bacteria are the first steps of deciding the appropriate antimicrobial therapy for UTIs caused by them. Objectives: To isolate and identify E. coli and K. pneumoniae from urine of T2DM patients with UTIs, to determine antibiotic resistance pattern among isolates, and to identify ESBLs production phenotypically and genotypically. Material and method: All samples were cultured on Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient Agar medium (CLED) by using calibrated loop. Growth of 100 colonies or more, i.e. 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL urine was considered as signifi- cant bacteriuria. Isolation and identification were done according to standard method. All isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was done by double-disk synergy test. Genotypic detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes by using PCR. Results: Results of this study showed that E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the dominant bacterial isolates, they constituted 103 (91.2%) out of 113 urine isolates. E. coli (58. 4%) K. pneumoniae (32.7%), Enterococcus spp. (4.4%), Proteus spp. (2.7%) and Pseu- domonas spp. (1.8%). About 25 (24.3%) out of 103 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were ESBLs positive by DDST, and 22 (88.0%) out of them had ESBLs encoding genes by conventional PCR. The most common gene detected was blaTEM (59.1%), followed by blaSHV (27.3%). CTX-M had not been detected in any of testes isolates. Conclusion: blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected in 22 out of 25 ESBLs producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates phenotypically detected by DDST. blaTEM was found to be the predominant gene (59.1%), while blaCTX-Mene was not detected in any of tested isolates. Keywords: Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Urinary tract infections; Phenotypic; genotypic methods.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern and Plasmid Profile Of Urinary Tract Infection Isolates among Children Below 10 Years Of Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Ram Wagle ◽  
Rajendra Timilsina ◽  
Rojesh Thapa ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as colonization of pathogen anywhere along the urinary tract. UTI has been classified by site of infection as Upper urinary tract infection and lower urinary tract infection and by severity as Complicated and uncomplicated UTI. This community based cross sectional study was conducted to determine the Antibiotic sensitivity pattern and plasmid profile of most prevalent urinary tract infection isolates among children below 10 years of age, from December 2013 to February 2014. Among the total 800 sample collected from the community 390(48.8%) were female and 410(51.2%) were male. The prevalence rate was found to be 44(5.5%) of total cases and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among significant growth, 15(1.9%) and 29(3.6%) were male and female respectively (p<0.05). Out of 44 total isolates frequency of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 20 followed by Staphylococcus aureus(12), which accounted for 45.5% and 27.3% respectively. Remaining were Pseudomonas(11.4%), Klebsiella(11.4%), Proteus(2.3%)and Citrobacter sps.(2.3%). Tobramycin(100%) and Amikacin(97.73%) were found to be the most sensitive antibiotics followed by Chloramphenicol(93.18%), Imipenem(90.91%) and Ciprofloxacin(75%) respectively.Out of 20 E. coli isolates, no plasmid was seen in 7(35%) while 8(40%) showed single plasmid which was present in 8 isolates. Plasmid copy number of 2, 3 and 4 were displayed by 2(10%), 2(10%) and 1(5%) of the isolates respectively. A common (>21 kilobases) plasmid was the most common among isolates under study. This study revealed that E. coli was the most prevalent organism causing community acquired pediatric UTI. Antibiotics that are commonly used for the management of UTI and other cases are being more resistant i.e., Ampicillin. Plasmid analysis showed the presence of plasmids in resistant E. coli isolates that might harbor resistant genes. So that further analysis is required for the detection of responsible genes. Key words: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern, Plasmid profile, Urinary tract infection

Bacterial urinary tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among type II diabetic patients – A cross-sectional study from tertiary care teaching hospital in Central Lahore

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Khadija Muneer ◽  
Kaneez Fatima ◽  
Naheed Hashmat ◽  
Sana Humayun ◽  
Qaiser Pervaiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes mellitus is the fifth leading cause of death in developed countries.Risk of infections is increased in diabetic patients with urinary tract being the most common site of infection. Worldwide, the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI) is estimated to be around 150 million persons per year . UTI exhibit a poorer prognosis in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to a compromise in their immune status in addition to emerging antimicrobial resistance due to widespread use of antimicrobial agents. This study aims to determine frequency of common bacterial pathogens causing UTI and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among type 2 diabetic patients. This may help to guide physicians regarding appropriate management of UTI in the local population to avoid multidrug resistance. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study involved 215 type 2 diabetic patients admitted to Medical Unit-III of Sir Ganga Ram hospital, Lahore from 01-12-2016 to 31-05-2017. Type 2 adult diabetic patients (diagnosed for at least 1 year) of age 40-80 years, either male or female , with urine pus cells ≥5/HPF performed as baseline investigation at admission were included in the study. Further urine samples were obtained (clean catch midstream urine 10cc in two wide mouth sterile screw capped plastic jars) before starting treatment. Samples were sent for microscopy and culture. Culture results and antibiotic sensitivities were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS for windows version 23.0. Categorical variables like gender, organisms and antibiotic sensitivitywas presented in Frequency or Percentage form. Numerical variables like age and duration of diabetes were presented as Mean± SD. Data was stratified for age, gender and duration of DM to deal with effect modifiers. Post stratification chi-square test was applied. P-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total of 215 patients were included. Mean age was 63.76±10.342 years of which 164 (76.3%) were females, while 51 (23.7%) were males reflecting female predominance.Most common isolated organism in urine culture was E.coli (58.6%), followed by Klebsiella (20.5%), Proteus(9.3%), Pseudomonas(8.4%) and Enterococcus (3.3%)species.Most of the patients (76.7%) were sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam followed bycarbapenems (67%) and Gentamycin(56.7%), whereas 24.2% showed sensitivity to all antibiotics. Conclusion: Females are most commonly affected among diabetic patients. The commonest isolate was E.coli among culture positive UTIs. E.coli was most sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems followed by Gentamycin while least sensitive to Ceftriaxone.The results emphasize the importance of practcse of urine culture and sensitivity testing in diabetic patients and cautious approach to use of commonly used antibiotic ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin as empirical treatment for UTI despite the low sensitivityof the drug to the most prevailing organism.

scholarly journals Changing Trends in Prevalence and Antibiotics Resistance of Uropathogens in Patients Attending the Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moges Tiruneh ◽  
Sisay Yifru ◽  
Mucheye Gizachew ◽  
Kassie Molla ◽  
Yeshambel Belyhun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

Background. In most hospitals of developing countries, urinary tract infections are treated empirically because of lack of culture facilities. This leads to emergence of multiresistant uropathogens. Culturing and drug susceptibility testing are essential to guide therapy. Objectives. To assess changing prevalence and resistance pattern of uropathogens to commonly used antibiotics in a two-year study period. Methods. Urine specimens were collected and cultured. Uropathogens were identified by standard methods and tested for antibiotics resistance. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 statistical sofware. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The commonest isolates in both the previous and present studies were E. coli, Klebsiella, CoNS, S. aureus, Proteus, and Citrobacter species. Previous isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, whereas present isolates developed 31% to 60% resistance to it. Previous isolates were less resistant to gentamycin than the present ones. Multiresistance isolates were predominant in present study than previous ones. Conclusion. E. coli was predominant in the two study periods. Present isolates were more resistant than previous ones. Some previous isolates were 100% sensitive to ciprofloxacin, whereas present isolates were increasingly resistant. Ciprofloxacin and gentamicin have been recommended for empiric treatment of urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Pattern of antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria causing urinary tract infection in a private medical college hospital in Dhaka

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Shahin Sultana ◽  
Marium Khatun ◽  
Md Khoybar Ali ◽  
Nurunnahar Mawla ◽  
Nayareen Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Frequency Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI), being the most common infections diagnosed in community and hospital, are to be treated scrupulously considering the type of infecting organism and its antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern. Aims and objectives: The aim of the present study was to observe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolated uropathogens from urine samples of patients attending at Shahabuddin Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of July 2008 to June 2009. Result: A total of 555 urine samples were studied; of which 84 (15.13%) were culture positive. Among 84 culture positive cases, 84 isolates were identified. Among the isolates, E.coli was the most predominant 61 (62.88%) followed by Enterococci 11 (11.34%), proteus 4 (4.13%) and Pseudomonas 3 (3.09%). Whereas Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Klebsiella showed frequency rate of 2 (2.06%) for each. However Gram positive cocci showed lowest frequency rate of 1 (1.03%). All of the isolates were sensitive to Netilmicin. The majority of isolates were sensitive to Imipenam (92.3%) followed by Amikacin (91.1%), Meropenam (83.3 %), Tetracycline (70%). Sensitivity & resistance rate were same (50%) in Vancomycin & Cefodoxime. Where complete (100%) resistance was shown to Ampicillin, Azithromycin and Cefoxitin. However all isolates were poorly sensitive to cotrimoxazole (35.7%), ciprofloxacin (43%) and nitrofurantoin (44.8%). Conclusion: So, routine urine culture and susceptibility before therapy should be encouraged and periodic evaluation of predominant organisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern should be studied for appropriate selection of antibiotic for effective management of UTI cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.21562 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.70-74

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF BACTERIAL STRAINS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN RURAL MAHARASHTRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Sunil Shivaputrayya Gidamudi ◽  
Gaurav V Salunke
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this study was to find out the etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients attending B.K.L. Walawalkar Hospital,Dervan and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern to currently used antimicrobial agents.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural hospital of Konkan Maharashtra, and urine samples were collected from368 clinically - suspected cases of UTIs using the mid-stream “clean catch” method and was tested and cultured using standard procedures. Antimicrobialsusceptibility test (AST) was performed for the isolated pathogens according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Escherichia coli (54.84%) was the most prevalent uropathogen. 76.47% of the isolated E. coli were found to be extended spectrum betalactamase producers. A higher prevalence rate of resistance was seen among E. coli to the commonly prescribed antibiotic agents. 32 (94.11%) of34 E. coli isolates recovered had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR), with 16 isolates (50%) possessing MAR indices of 0.6.Conclusion: The study indicates the isolated microorganisms in UTI showed very high resistance to the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs.This suggests the monitoring and rational use of the antimicrobial agents.Keywords: Mid-stream, Culture, Uropathogen, Resistance, Multiple antibiotic resistance.

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