Bacterial Contamination of Stored Blood and Blood Components Ready for Transfusion at the Blood Bank

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Seham A. Khodair ◽  
Abeer H. El-Shalakany ◽  
Sahar M. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Contamination of donated blood is considered a serious health problem. The term (Bacterial contamination) is the existence of bacteria in the blood or its products that are collected in blood bags and stored for transfusion. Blood bags prepared for transfusion should be free from micro-organisms. Blood collection and processing must be done under complete aseptic conditions and techniques. However, sources of the donated blood contamination may be endogenous (the source of contamination is from the donors) or exogenous source (during the collection and processing Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the rate of contamination, and identify the types of micro-organisms detected in the blood products prepared for transfusion and to detect antimicrobial susceptibility (antibiotic sensitivity tests) ) of contaminant agents in blood of blood bank bags. Methodology: After adoption of Local Institutional Ethical Committee of Menoufia University Hospital, this study was established at the blood bank of Menoufia University Hospital, Egypt. Over eighteen months from April 2018 to October 2019. One hundred donor’s blood samples were withdrawn for culture to detect bacterial growth. In addition, the antibiotic sensitivity tests of the growing micro-organisms were performed. Results: From the 100 sample donor blood, 12 blood bags (12%) showed isolates of different bacteria. Eight of the isolated bacteria were Gram-positive cocci representing 66.7%. Conclusion: The predominantly isolated bacteria were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Staph aureus was resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole by susceptibility tests.

scholarly journals The Frequency and Spectrum of Bacterial Contamination of Packed Red Blood Cells and Platelet Concentrate Units from a Sample of Iraqi Blood Donors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ali Khazal
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Platelet Concentrate ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Skin Cleansing

Bacterial contamination of donated blood is defined as the presence of bacteria in the blood components which are collected and/or processed for transfusion. It is the second cause of death beyond ABO-mismatch. The aims were to determine the frequency of bacterial contaminations in stored packed RBC and platelet concentrate units. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Baghdad between 2nd of September to 27th of December 2019. Two hundred samples; 100 samples from packed RBC units and 100 samples from platelet concentrate units were randomly selected. There were 38/100 of platelet concentrate units found to be contaminated, while 28/100 samples studied of packed RBC units were contaminated by bacteria. The high rate of contamination of samples presented. Gram-positive bacteria were the most predominant, and this attributed to poor skin cleansing and antiseptic techniques used prior to donor blood collection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phenotypic Variations in the Antibiotics Sensitivity of Escherichia Coli by Repeated Exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Andry Maharo Andrianarivelo ◽  
Christian Emmanuel Mahavy ◽  
Marson Raherimandimby ◽  
Tsiry Rasamiravaka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity

Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Escherichia coli, are habitual residents of the gastrointestinal tract, capable of causing a large number of infections. The MIC varies according to the bacterial strains and the antibiotics used, hence the need to carry out antibiotic sensitivity tests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of Escherichia coli after repeated exposure to the same antibiotic to demonstrate a possible correlation between excessive intake of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. A prospective and descriptive study was carried out in the Laboratory of Microbiology of Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry (Faculty of Sciences Antananarivo) during the month of November 2019. The strains studied were the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 provided by the Laboratory and two clinical strains from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center (CHU JRA) Antananarivo. Repeated exposure to Tobramycin and Ofloxacin of these strains were performed. The results of our study showed that most E. coli is exposed to the antibiotic, the more it develops resistance. The evolution of E. coli's sensitivity is different in the presence of Tobramycin with MICs up to 4 times the starting value while in the presence of Ofloxacin, the MIC increases to 125 times the initial value. This difference may be due to the different target of the antibiotic which causes the bacteria to develop variable mechanisms to escape it. Key words: E. coli - MIC - antibiotics - repeated exposure

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Characterization of Smartphone Screen Associated Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Mobile phone is a device that keeps in contact with our sensitive body parts including faces, hands, nose, ears, and lips, etc. most of the time. Although we know many bad aspects of mobile phones; we are indifferent to its bacterial contamination. Smartphone screen is an endless reservoir of pathogenic bacteria and works as an object in spreading those bacteria. The purpose of the study was to identify pathogenic bacteria from smartphone screen and finding some common causes of bacterial contamination. So, a public survey was conducted among 100 students from the Dept. of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi to know the uses pattern of their particular smartphone. Then, for the lab-based work samples were collected from the smartphone screen of the students by sterile swabs moistened with normal saline water. Among the samples, four strains were selected based on bacterial concentration for further analysis. Out of four, two strains were gram-positive and two were gram-negative. Biochemical tests indicated that all of them were pathogenic and the selected gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species.16S-rRNA gene sequencing identified the selected two-gram negative strains as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibiotic sensitivity test referred that all the bacteria were multidrug-resistant and may be dangerous for compromised immune patients.

scholarly journals Bacterial contamination of table eggs in Babylon, Iraq

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Muna Sabbar Al-Rubiae
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

To study the bacterial contamination of table eggs in Babylon city, a total of 214 eggs collected from different sources, including 100 from farms and 114 from supermarkets, all samples were cultured for the bacteria on Salmonella Shigella Agar(SS Agar) and nutrient agar. The results of the farms samples showed that there are no growth of bacteria in all samples under study whereas the results of supermarkets samples showed that about 21.05% of supermarkets eggs were contaminated with bacterial strains, and the results showed the presence of Stahylococcus aureus in 10.52% of the samples, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 7.89%, a Proteus mirabilis in 3.50%, S. epidermidis in 0.87% and Bacillus subtilis in 0.87%. Also, the antibiotic sensitivity tests were tested for all isolates and the result showed that the sensitivity was 100% for ciprofloxacin, 85.18% for gentamicin, 85.18% for Amikacin, 59.25% for rifampin, 48.14% for cefotaxime, 44.44% for chloramphenicol, 28.5% for clarithromycin and 0 % for cephalexin. The results showed there was not Salmonella spp. strains in all eggs samples so that present work tried to check the presence of Salmonella spp in farm chickens in farms, 213 chicken stool samples were collected from four farms, the samples were cultured on SS Agar, the results showed presence of Salmonella spp. in 10.37% of stool samples and the antibiotic sensitivity tested, also,the result showed that the sensitivity was 63.6% for ciprofloxacin, 86.36% for gentamicin, 86.36% for amikacin, 36.36% for rifampin, 27.27% for cefotaxime, 4.54% for chloramphenicol and 0% for cephalexin. The results indicated that there were 90% of the isolate of Salmonella spp. isolate have Multi-drug resistance phenomenon.

Determination of rate and analysis of reasons for discarding blood and blood components in a blood bank of tertiary care hospital:a retrospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surekha K. Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Donated Blood

Background: The transfusion of blood and blood components has become an integral part of patient management in modern medicine. There are no substitutes for human blood. Thus, proper utilization of blood is necessary with minimal wasting.Methods: A total of 15,333 donors donated blood during the study period of 3 years in blood bank of a tertiary care hospital, south Maharashtra from 1 st of January, 2013 to 31 st December 2015, which were screened.Results: Of the total 3355 whole blood collection, 615 blood bags were discarded. Out of these 615 bags 544 (88.45%) were discarded because of date expired, 41(6.66%) blood bags were discarded due to seropositivity for TTI and 22 (3.5%) blood bags were due under collection and leakage and other reasons contributed for 1.3%. A total of 4026 blood components were discarded against 29,715 blood components prepared during the study period. Among blood components discarded, most common units were platelets. The most common cause of discarding the blood components was expiry of date due to non-utilization were 3475 (86.31%).Conclusions: Properly implemented blood transfusion policies, training of staff as well as implementation of automation will also help to improve process and output of BTS. This would reduce the discarding of blood components and wastage due to non-conformance. These discarded bags, because they are unutilized are both financially as well as socially harmful to the blood bank.

The Use of a pH Meter for Bacterial Screening of Whole Blood Platelets.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3627-3627
Author(s):  
Mark H. Yazer ◽  
Darrell J. Triulzi
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Culture Positive

Abstract Since March 2004 the American Association of Blood Banks has required blood collection and transfusion services to have in place measures that limit and detect bacterial contamination of platelet products. At our institution we employ a pH meter to screen all whole blood platelets (WBP) at time of issue. A pH of less than 7.0 is considered a failure and the unit is quarantined and cultured. We undertook a large scale study to establish the rate of pH screening failure and rate of culture positivity of WBP. We studied a representative sample of such units for various laboratory parameters to establish the cause of the pH failure. The number of WBP subjected to pH testing between May and July 2004 was 21,751 and there were 305 failures (1.40%). The average age of the WBPs that failed pH screening was 4.6 days and the average pH was 6.57. The relationship between platelet age and rate of pH failure is shown in the Table. All WBP units that failed the pH screen were cultured; during the study period four culture-positive WBP units were identified (1.3%); in one case S. aureus was isolated from the WBP unit after 4.0 hours of culture and was also identified in the associated RBC unit after 45.6 hours. Diptheroids, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and B. subtilis were isolated from the other three culture positive WBP units however, as the accompanying RBCs remained sterile they were suspected to be contaminants. A series of 38 WBPs that failed pH testing during the study period were evaluated for platelet and WBC concentration and found to have an average WBC and PLT concentration of 2.6x103/mm3 and 1371.0x103/mm3 respectively. The WBC concentration among the WBPs that failed pH screening was more than double the concentration of the WBPs that had acceptable pH (1.2x103/mm3, p=0.005). Additionally, the units that failed pH testing contained approximately 15% more platelets than those WBP units with acceptable pH (1189.6x103/mm3, p<0.05). Our experience with pH screening of WBPs at time of issue revealed a 1.3% bacterial contamination rate of WBPs that failed pH screening. The remaining units that failed pH screening are likely attributable to significantly higher WBC and PLT concentrations. The pH screening method lacks specificity in evaluating bacterial contamination of WBPs. Relationship of WBP age and pH failure Age of WBP (days) % of total WBP issued % of pH failures Rate of pH failure by age (%) 2 8.9 1.6 0.3 3 16.3 5.6 0.5 4 30.3 23 1.1 5 44.3 70 2.2

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bacterial Contamination and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern among Blood and Blood Components collected with and without diverging method at Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wondwossen Tsegaye ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Addisu Gize
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Specialized Hospital

Abstract Background: Transfusion of bacterial contaminated blood and blood components could be a cause of morbidity and mortality. Understanding the mechanism of blood contamination is important in developing infection control strategy.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was done 376 blood and blood components collected with and without diverging method in Armed Forces Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Then, Culturing of collected blood and blood components were inoculated in broth then subcultured on agar plate. And then, the drugs sensitivity test was done for each isolate. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to infer association.Results: The overall prevalence of bacterial contamination among blood and blood components were 17 (4.5%). The prevalence of bacterial contamination of blood and blood components collected with the non-diverging and diverging method was 14 (7.4%) and 3 (1.6 %) respectively with P value of 0.05. Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most dominate isolates. Gram positive isolates showed more than 74% sensitive for antibiotics and also became more than 9% resistant. Most gram negative isolates became sensitive but Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistant for Gentamicin. 29.4% (n= 5/17) isolated bacteria were multidrug resistant.Conclusion: There was a difference between bacterial contamination in blood and blood components collected between diverging and non-diverging blood collection methods.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽  
Karuna D. Sagili ◽  
Wai Wai Han ◽  
Henish Shakya ◽  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional

Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA’s reasons are urgently needed.

Time to Positivity of Bacteria Cultures in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid: Evaluation of Different Laboratory Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-344
Author(s):  
Roberta M. Katzap ◽  
Vany Elisa Pagnussatti ◽  
Ana Elizabeth Figueiredo ◽  
Julia Gabriela Motta ◽  
Domingos O. d'Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid

Patients with chronic kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis (PD) are susceptible to infections, with peritonitis being the primary cause of dropout. Peritoneal fluid culture is one of the essential elements for proper diagnosis and peritonitis treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the time required to obtain a positive culture using different laboratory methods. An in vitro cross-sectional study was conducted comparing different techniques for preparation and culture of bacteria in peritoneal fluid. The research was carried out with 21 sterile dialysis bags and 21 PD bags containing peritoneal fluid drained from patients without peritonitis. Fluids from the 42 PD bags were contaminated by injecting a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus suspension and then prepared for culture using 4 distinct techniques: A - direct culture; B - post-centrifugation culture; C - direct culture after 4 h sedimentation; and D - culture after 4 h sedimentation and centrifugation. This was followed by seeding. In the 21 contaminated sterile bags, mean times to obtain a positive culture with techniques D (19.6 h ± 2.6) and C (19.1 h ± 2.3) were longer than with technique A (15.8 h ± 3.0; p < 0.01), but not statistically different from group B (19.0 h ± 3.2). The same occurred in the 21 bags drained from patients, with mean times for techniques D (14.0 h ± 1.9) and C (14.5 h ± 1.7) being longer than technique A (12.22 h ± 1.94; p < 0.05) but not statistically different from technique B (13.2 h ± 1.3). The sedimentation and centrifugation steps seem to be unnecessary and may delay antibiotic sensitivity test results by approximately 8 hours.

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