Fatty Acid Profile Comparisons in Human Milk Sampled From the Same Mothers at the Sixth Week and the Sixth Month of Lactation

The fatty acid's contents of non-conform pooled human milk can be affected by different processing and storage operational conditions. Besides, the knowledge of changes in the human milk fatty acid profile can help indicate its use in a given storage period, according to each newborn's specific need. Thus, in the present work, changes in the fatty acid profiles of three types of human milk (raw; pasteurized at 62.5 °C for 30 min; homogenized at 40 oC for 30 s followed by pasteurization) were studied during storage for six months in a freezer at -18 oC. Large variations were observed in the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of docosahexaenoic acid, with a reduction of almost 50% of its total. Palmitic and stearic acid contents also changed according to the conditions of processing and storage. Correlations between the decrease of long fatty acid chains and the increase of medium and short chains were verified. Thus, we observe that operational conditions of processing and storing change human milk lipid profile, with some nutritional losses.

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Focusing on fatty acid profile in milk from different species after in vitro digestion

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029918000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 257-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Antonella Santillo ◽

Lucia Figliola ◽

Maria G Ciliberti ◽

Mariangela Caroprese ◽

Rosaria Marino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

In Vitro Digestion ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Formula Milk ◽

Caprine Milk ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

We report the fatty acid profile of raw milk and of the corresponding digested milk from different sources (human milk, formula milk and donkey, bovine, ovine and caprine milk) to gain information on the nutritional quality of different milk sources in infant nutrition.Short chain fatty acids (SC-FA) were higher in bovine and caprine milk, intermediate in ovine and donkey and lower in human and formula milk. Medium chain fatty acids (MC-FA) showed the highest values for bovine and caprine milk and the lowest for donkey and formula milk, whereas long chain fatty acids (LC-FA) were the highest in donkey and formula milk and intermediate in human milk.The percentage distribution of fatty acids liberated after in vitro digestion did not reflect the patterns found in the corresponding milk sources. In particular, MC free fatty acids (MC-FFA) showed the highest and the lowest values in donkey and in formula milk, LC-FFA showed the highest value in human milk. The total FFA was highest in human milk, lowest in formula milk and intermediate in donkey, bovine, ovine, and caprine milk.

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Fatty Acid Profile in Milk from Goats, Capra aegagrus hircus, Exposed to Perchlorate and its Relationship with Perchlorate Residues in Human Milk

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00128-007-9265-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 472-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qiuqiong Cheng ◽

Ernest E. Smith ◽

Andrea B. Kirk ◽

Fujun Liu ◽

Lee Mallory Boylan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Capra Aegagrus

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Impact of Maternal Diet on Human Milk Composition Among Lactating Women in Latvia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55050173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 173 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Līva Aumeistere ◽

Inga Ciproviča ◽

Dace Zavadska ◽

Juris Andersons ◽

Viktors Volkovs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Lactating Women ◽

Milk Samples

Background and objectives: Many studies indicate that the maternal diet is an important factor affecting human milk composition. Human milk composition among lactating women in Latvia, as well as the maternal diet during lactation, has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this research was to assess dietary habits and macronutrient intake among lactating women in Latvia and to examine the effect of diet on human milk composition. Materials and Methods: Research was conducted between November 2016 and December 2017. Mature human milk samples (n = 61) along with a 72h food diary, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and a questionnaire about maternal and infant characteristics were obtained from voluntary women who were recruited via an invitation published in a social media member group for nursing mothers. Fat content in human milk was determined by LVS ISO 2446:2008, protein content was determined by LVS EN ISO 8968-1:2014, lactose was determined by ISO 22662:2007, and the fatty acid profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. Dietary data were evaluated using the Finnish food composition database Fineli, release 19 (3 March 2018). Results: Median values for fat, protein, and lactose in mature human milk were 4.40%, 1.08%, and 6.52%, respectively. Predominant fatty acids in human milk were oleic acid (C18:1 n9c), palmitic acid (C16:0), and linoleic acid (C18:2 n6c) at 34.60%, 24.00%, and 11.00% of total fatty acids, respectively. The trans elaidic acid (C18:1 n9t) level was <0.10% in all human milk samples. Significant, positive associations (p < 0.05) were found between maternal dietary intake of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, total cis-monounsaturated, total cis-polyunsaturated, and total n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the ratio of n-6/n-3, and the level of these fatty acids in human milk. Total energy and carbohydrate intake among participants were lower, but total fat, saturated fat, and sugar intake were higher than recommended. Protein, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid intake were adequate, but docosahexaenoic acid intake was noticeably lower than recommended. Women should be supported with information regarding their nutritional needs during lactation and the possible impact of diet on human milk composition. Conclusion: Macronutrient (fat, protein, and lactose) content in human milk is not affected by maternal diet. Conversely, the human milk fatty acid profile is affected by the immediate diet consumed by the mother. Habitual dietary habits can also impact the fatty acid profile of human milk.

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Human milk enriched with human milk lyophilisate for feeding very low birth weight preterm infants: A preclinical experimental study focusing on fatty acid profile

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0202794 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. e0202794

Author(s):

Vanessa S. Bomfim ◽

Alceu A. Jordão ◽

Larissa G. Alves ◽

Francisco E. Martinez ◽

José Simon Camelo

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Very Low Birth Weight

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Human milk fatty acid profile across lactational stages after term and preterm delivery: A pooled data analysis

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids ◽

10.1016/j.plefa.2019.102023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 156 ◽

pp. 102023 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L.M. Floris ◽

B. Stahl ◽

M. Abrahamse-Berkeveld ◽

I.C. Teller

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Pooled Data

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Supplementation with the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: influence on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of human milk

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/s1415-52732013000100003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eliana Aparecida Fagundes Queiroz Bortolozo ◽

Elenise Sauer ◽

Marli da Silva Santos ◽

Sueli Regina Baggio ◽

Guataçara dos Santos Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Omega 3 ◽

The Impact

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of supplementing the diet of women during pregnancy and lactation with fish oil containing the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, and its influence on the composition of human milk. METHODS: The sample comprised 60 women aged 18 to 38 years with appropriate dietary pattern, all of them healthy and nonsmokers. The intervention consisted of a daily supplementation with fish oil capsules that corresponded to a daily intake of 315mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 80mg of eicosapentaenoic acid during the third trimester of pregnancy and the first three months postpartum. The total fat content and fatty acid profile of their milk were determined by creamatocrit and gas chromatography. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the fat contents of the study (fish oil capsules) and control (capsules containing corn starch as filler) groups. However, the milk of women taking fish oil contained higher docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels 30 and 60 days after delivery. These results demonstrate that high omega-3 intake can influence its concentration in human milk. CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of docosahexaenoic acid in the neonatal period, it is appropriate for pregnant and breastfeeding women to supplement on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be done by adding fish oil to the regular diet.

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