Variation in Prevalence, Diagnostic Criteria, and Initial Management Options for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in the United States

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a three-host tick that was first detected outside of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 2017 and subsequently found in another 14 states. In its native Asia, and where it has become established in Australia and New Zealand, ALTs feed on a variety of hosts and are economically important livestock pests and competent vectors of multiple pathogens to humans and other animals. The degree to which ALT will become a persistent livestock pest or competent vector for introduced or existing pathogens in the United States is yet unclear. Because of its vast host availability, ability to reproduce asexually, known vector competence, and the presence of multiple life stages on hosts, the expansion of ALT establishment in the United States is expected, and is a significant public health and veterinary concern. In this paper, we discuss the biology, geographical distribution, life cycle and seasonal activity, reproduction, identification, medical and veterinary implications, management options, and future concerns in the United States.

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Fungicide Rotation Programs for Managing Phytophthora Fruit Rot of Watermelon in Southeastern United States

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-rs-16-0059 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 28-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chandrasekar (Shaker) S. Kousik ◽

Pingsheng Ji ◽

Daniel S. Egel ◽

Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

South Carolina ◽

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Southeastern United States ◽

Heavy Rain ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

The United States ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Management Options ◽

Before And After

About 50% of the watermelons in the United States are produced in the southeastern states, where optimal conditions for development of Phytophthora fruit rot prevail. Phytophthora fruit rot significantly limits watermelon production by causing serious yield losses before and after fruit harvest. Efficacy of fungicide rotation programs and Melcast-scheduled sprays for managing Phytophthora fruit rot was determined by conducting experiments in Phytophthora capsici-infested fields at three locations in southeastern United States (North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia). The mini seedless cultivar Wonder and seeded cultivar Mickey Lee (pollenizer) were used. Five weekly applications of fungicides were made at all locations. Significant fruit rot (53 to 91%, mean 68%) was observed in the nontreated control plots in all three years (2013 to 2015) and across locations. All fungicide rotation programs significantly reduced Phytophthora fruit rot compared with nontreated controls. Overall, the rotation of Zampro alternated with Orondis was highly effective across three locations and two years. Rotations of Actigard followed by Ranman+Ridomil Gold, Presidio, V-10208, and Orondis, or rotation of Revus alternated with Presidio were similarly effective. Use of Melcast, a melon disease-forecasting tool, may occasionally enable savings of one spray application without significantly impacting control. Although many fungicides are available for use in rotations, under very heavy rain and pathogen pressure, the fungicides alone may not offer adequate protection; therefore, an integrated approach should be used with other management options including well-drained fields.

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Management and Outcomes of Traumatic Colon Injury in Civilian and Military Patients

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481107701244 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (12) ◽

pp. 1685-1691 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chitra N. Sambasivan ◽

Samantha J. Underwood ◽

Reed B. Kuehn ◽

S. D. Cho ◽

Laszlo N. Kiraly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Primary Repair ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

The United States ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Colon Injury ◽

Initial Management ◽

Civilian Trauma ◽

Level I

Divergent injury patterns may indicate the need for differing strategies in combat and civilian trauma patients. This study aims to compare outcomes of colon injury management in these two populations. Parallel retrospective reviews were conducted comparing warfighters (n = 59) injured downrange and subsequently transferred to the United States with civilians (n = 30) treated at a United States Level I trauma center. Patient characteristics, mechanisms of injury, treatment course, and complications were compared. The civilian (CP) and military (MP) populations did not differ in Injury Severity Score (MP 20 vs CP 26; P = 0.41). The MP experienced primarily blast injuries (51%) as opposed to blunt trauma (70%; P < 0.01) in the CP. The site of colon injury did not differ between groups ( P = 0.15). Initial management was via primary repair (53%) and resection and anastomosis (27%) in the CP versus colostomy creation (47%) and stapled ends (32%) in the MP ( P < 0.001). Ultimately, the CP and MP experienced equivalent continuity rates (90%). Overall complications (MP 68% vs CP 53%; P = 0.18) and mortality (MP 3% vs CP 3%; P = 0.99) did not differ between the two groups. The CP and MP experience different mechanisms and initial management of colon injury. Ultimately, continuity is restored in the majority of both populations.

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Increased Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Panic Disorder: Clinical and Theoretical Implications

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900019878 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 899-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

R. Bruce Lydiard

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Panic Disorder ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Community Sample ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

The United States ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Dsm Iv

ABSTRACTBackground:Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are a group of disorders characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal distress for which no structural or biochemical cause can be discerned. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an FGID estimated to affect 10% to 25% of the United States population. IBS occurs in over 40% of individuals with panic disorder, and in patients with IBS, 25% to 30% have panic disorder, which has led to speculation about possible shared pathophysiology between the two. Less is known about the prevalence of other FGID in individuals with panic disorder.Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of IBS and all the other FGID in patients with current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) panic disorder.Introduction:We assessed FGIDs in 73 treatment-seeking DSM-IV panic disorder patients via the Diagnostic Interview Questions for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and made descriptive comparisons with a large convenience sample from an already-completed United States Household Survey (USHS), which employed the same diagnostic criteria.Results:The prevalence of IBS and other FGIDs in both men and women with panic disorder were substantially higher than in the USHS respondents. Women with panic disorder had significantly more functional chest pain than men, but there was no gender difference in IBS. With the exception of functional anorectal and biliary disorders, the FGID prevalences were comparatively higher in panic disorder versus the USHS respondents.Discussion:This survey supports earlier reports of a high prevalence of IBS in individuals with panic disorder and also suggests that the prevalence of several other FGIDs were comparatively high as well. Methodological limitations precluded direct statistical analysis. It may be that commonly overlapping psychiatric and often-painful FGIDs, and extra-intestinal disorders increase the risk for comorbidity in already-affected individuals via shared pathophysiology. One potential model for which there is some evidence for a role in stress, panic disorder, FGIDs and several extra-intestinal functional conditions is dysregulation of corticotropin-releasing factor function.Conclusion:The prevalence of FGIDs in DSM-IV panic disorder was comparatively higher than in USHS respondent community sample, which used similar FGID diagnostic criteria. The cause for the apparent close association of panic disorder with FGID may represent shared pathophysiology. Increased understanding of the mechanism of the overlap may allow for improved treatment of the significant proportion of the population suffering from comorbid psychiatric and functional medical conditions.

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Global capacity, potentials and trends of solid waste research and management

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x17715099 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 923-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael A Nwachukwu ◽

Mersky Ronald ◽

Huan Feng

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

The United States ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Management Options ◽

Research Impacts ◽

Global Capacity

In this study, United States, China, India, United Kingdom, Nigeria, Egypt, Brazil, Italy, Germany, Taiwan, Australia, Canada and Mexico were selected to represent the global community. This enabled an overview of solid waste management worldwide and between developed and developing countries. These are countries that feature most in the International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management (ICSW) over the past 20 years. A total of 1452 articles directly on solid waste management and technology were reviewed and credited to their original country of research. Results show significant solid waste research potentials globally, with the United States leading by 373 articles, followed by India with 230 articles. The rest of the countries are ranked in the order of: UK > Taiwan > Brazil > Nigeria > Italy > Japan > China > Canada > Germany >Mexico > Egypt > Australia. Global capacity in solid waste management options is in the order of: Waste characterisation-management > waste biotech/composting > waste to landfill > waste recovery/reduction > waste in construction > waste recycling > waste treatment–reuse–storage > waste to energy > waste dumping > waste education/public participation/policy. It is observed that the solid waste research potential is not a measure of solid waste management capacity. The results show more significant research impacts on solid waste management in developed countries than in developing countries where economy, technology and society factors are not strong. This article is targeted to motivate similar study in each country, using solid waste research articles from other streamed databases to measure research impacts on solid waste management.

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The Most Commonly Treated Acupuncture Indications in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x18500738 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (07) ◽

pp. 1387-1419 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Haiyi Wang ◽

Guanhu Yang ◽

Shaobai Wang ◽

Xin Zheng ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Health Management ◽

Frozen Shoulder ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

The United States ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Full Spectrum ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical Specialties

Acupuncture has been a popular alternative medicine in the United States for several decades. Its therapeutic effects on pain have been validated by both basic and clinical researches, and it is currently emerging as a unique non-pharmaceutical choice for pain against opioid crisis. However, the full spectrum of acupuncture indications remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among 419 acupuncturists nation-wide to investigate the top 10 and top 99 acupuncture indications in private clinics in the United States. We found the top 10 indications to be: lower back pain, depression, anxiety, headache, arthritis, allergies, general pain, female infertility, insomnia, neck pain and frozen shoulder. Among the top 99 indications, pain represents the largest category; and mental health management, especially for mood disorders, is in greatest demand. The following popular groups are: immune system dysfunctions, gastrointestinal diseases, gynecology and neurology. In addition, specialty index, commonality index, and the potential to become medical specialties were estimated for each indication. Demographic analysis suggests that China trained acupuncturists tend to have broader indication spectrums, but the top conditions treated are primarily decided by local needs. Also, gender, resident states, age and clinical experience all affect indication distributions. Our data for the first time outlines the profile of acupuncture treatable conditions in the US and is valuable for strategic planning in acupuncture training, healthcare administration and public education.

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302 Current pain mitigation practices in beef and dairy cattle in the United States

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 2-2

Author(s):

Elizabeth C Johnstone ◽

Johann Coetzee ◽

Lily Edwards-Callaway ◽

Pablo Pinedo

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Pain Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

The United States ◽

Management Options ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Analgesic Drugs ◽

On Line ◽

Analgesic Use ◽

Pain Mitigation

Abstract The lack of FDA-approved analgesic drugs for use in cattle in the United States offers limited pain management options to cattle veterinarians and producers. An on-line survey was developed to investigate current use of pain mitigation by cattle veterinarians and producers. The survey was distributed electronically to multiple listservs in Summer 2018 (BEEF Magazine, American Association of Bovine Practitioners, National Milk Producers Federation Farmers Assuring Responsible Management evaluators, Dairy Moms and Dairy Girls Facebook groups; n = 46,577). A total of 1,187 (2.5%) surveys were received; 41.9% of respondents identified as producers, 47.9% as veterinarians, and 10.2% as both. Multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis. Veterinarians [OR (95% CI) = 10.2 (7.21–14.4)] and both veterinarians and producers [OR (95% CI) = 3.30 (2.02–5.39)] had significantly greater odds of using analgesia than producers in all cattle ages. Summary statistics indicate that analgesic use increased with cattle age; 57.6% of respondents used pain management in calves < 2 months of age, while 71.6% of respondents used pain management in adult cattle (>12 months of age). Respondents agreed that “cattle benefit from receiving analgesic drugs” (76.6%) and that “US/USDA/FDA regulations limit my ability to use analgesic drugs in cattle” (64.01%). Fifty-eight percent of respondents indicated their use of pain management had increased in the last 10 years. Data identify impediments to improving pain management practices in cattle. Results indicate the need for education and communication between veterinarians and producers on the necessity of pain management.

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Exotic Asian pheretimoid earthworms (Amynthas spp., Metaphire spp.): Potential for colonisation of south-eastern Canada and effects on forest ecosystems

Environmental Reviews ◽

10.1139/er-2017-0066 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jean-David Moore ◽

Josef H. Görres ◽

John W. Reynolds

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Human Activities ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

The United States ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Northeastern United States ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Management Options ◽

Species Invasions

Exotic species invasions are among the most significant global-scale problems caused by human activities. They can seriously threaten the conservation of biological diversity and of natural resources. Exotic European earthworms have been colonizing forest ecosystems in northeastern United States and southern Canada since the European settlement. By comparison, Asian earthworms began colonizing forests in the northeastern United States more recently. Since Asian species have biological traits compatible with a greater potential for colonization and disturbance than some European species, apprehension is growing about their dispersal into new territories. Here we review the extent of the current northern range of Asian earthworms in northeastern North America, the factors facilitating or limiting their propagation and colonization, and the potential effects of their invasion on forest ecosystems. Data compilation shows that Asian earthworms are present in all northeastern American states. So far, only one mention has been reported in Canada. Data confirm that their distribution has now reached the Canadian border, particularly along the Michigan–Ontario, New York–Ontario, Maine–New Brunswick, and Vermont–Québec frontiers. Studies report that the presence of Asian earthworms is strongly associated with human activities such as horticulture, vermicomposting, and the use of worms as fish bait. Some climatic (temperature, soil moisture) and edaphic (soil pH) factors may also influence their distribution. Controlling their dispersal at the source is essential to limiting their spread, as there is currently no effective way to eradicate established earthworm populations without unacceptable nontarget effects. Proposed management options in the United States include the prohibition of fish bait disposal and better management of the international trade of horticultural goods, commercial nurseries, and vermicomposting industries. We conclude that although regulations and awareness may delay their expansion, Asian earthworms are likely to spread further north into Canada. They are expected to cause important changes to biodiversity and dynamics of the newly invaded forest ecosystems.

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Clinical and Economic Burden of Emergency Department Visits Due to Gastrointestinal Diseases in the United States

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1038/ajg.2013.199 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 108 (9) ◽

pp. 1496-1507 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Parvathi A Myer ◽

Ajitha Mannalithara ◽

Gurjot Singh ◽

Gurkirpal Singh ◽

Pankaj J Pasricha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Economic Burden ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

The United States ◽

Emergency Department Visits

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Projected expansion in climatic suitability for Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas Disease, and five widespread Triatoma species by 2070: the role of climate change on infectious diseases

10.1101/490508 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew Nichols ◽

Chris J Butler ◽

Wayne D Lord ◽

Michelle L Haynie

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

United States ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

The United States ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Current Potential

The vector-borne parasite Trypanosoma cruzi infects seven million individuals globally and causes chronic cardiomyopathy and gastrointestinal diseases. Recently, T. cruzi has emerged in the southern United States. It is crucial for disease surveillance efforts to detail regions that present favorable climatic conditions for T. cruzi and vector establishment. We used MaxEnt to develop an ecological niche model for T. cruzi and five widespread Triatoma vectors based on 546 published localities within the United States. We modeled regions of current potential T. cruzi and Triatoma distribution and then regions projected to have suitable climatic conditions by 2070. Regions with suitable climatic conditions for the study organisms are predicted to increase within the United States. Our findings agree with the hypothesis that climate change will facilitate the expansion of tropical diseases throughout temperate regions and suggest climate change will influence the expansion of T. cruzi and Triatoma vectors in the United States.

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