scholarly journals Time-resolved tympanal mechanics of the locust

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (29) ◽  
pp. 1435-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.C Windmill ◽  
S Bockenhauer ◽  
D Robert
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Wave Resonance ◽  
Salient Characteristic ◽  
Mechanosensory Neurons ◽  
Auditory Systems ◽  
Tympanal Membrane ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
First Time

A salient characteristic of most auditory systems is their capacity to analyse the frequency of sound. Little is known about how such analysis is performed across the diversity of auditory systems found in animals, and especially in insects. In locusts, frequency analysis is primarily mechanical, based on vibrational waves travelling across the tympanal membrane. Different acoustic frequencies generate travelling waves that direct vibrations to distinct tympanal locations, where distinct groups of correspondingly tuned mechanosensory neurons attach. Measuring the mechanical tympanal response, for the first time, to acoustic impulses in the time domain, nanometre-range vibrational waves are characterized with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Conventional Fourier analysis is also used to characterize the response in the frequency domain. Altogether these results show that travelling waves originate from a particular tympanal location and travel across the membrane to generate oscillations in the exact region where mechanosensory neurons attach. Notably, travelling waves are unidirectional; no strong back reflection or wave resonance could be observed across the membrane. These results constitute a key step in understanding tympanal mechanics in general, and in insects in particular, but also in our knowledge of the vibrational behaviour of anisotropic media.

scholarly journals An Advance-Tracing Boundary Element Method in the Time Domain for Solving the Radiating Problem of an Arbitrary Obstacle Accelerating Randomly

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jui-Hsiang Kao
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element Method ◽  
Boundary Element ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Boundary Integral ◽  
Normal Velocity ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Random Acceleration ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Element Method

This research develops an Advance-Tracing Boundary Element Method in the time domain to calculate the waves that radiate from an immersed obstacle moving with random acceleration. The moving velocity of the immersed obstacle is multifrequency and is projected along the normal direction of every element on the obstacle. The projected normal velocity of every element is presented by the Fourier series and includes the advance-tracing time, which is equal to a quarter period of the moving velocity. The moving velocity is treated as a known boundary condition. The computing scheme is based on the boundary integral equation in the time domain, and the approach process is carried forward in a loop from the first time step to the last. At each time step, the radiated pressure on each element is updated until obtaining a convergent result. The Advance-Tracing Boundary Element Method is suitable for calculating the radiating problem from an arbitrary obstacle moving with random acceleration in the time domain and can be widely applied to the shape design of an immersed obstacle in order to attain security and confidentiality.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of Coulomb-laser coupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doron Azoury ◽  
Michael Krüger ◽  
Barry D. Bruner ◽  
Olga Smirnova ◽  
Nirit Dudovich
Keyword(s):  
Coulomb Interaction ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Coulomb Potential ◽  
Laser Field ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Strong Field ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe Coulomb interaction between a photoelectron and its parent ion plays an important role in a large range of light-matter interactions. In this paper we obtain a direct insight into the Coulomb interaction and resolve, for the first time, the phase accumulated by the laser-driven electron as it interacts with the Coulomb potential. Applying extreme-ultraviolet interferometry enables us to resolve this phase with attosecond precision over a large energy range. Our findings identify a strong laser-Coulomb coupling, going beyond the standard recollision picture within the strong-field framework. Transformation of the results to the time domain reveals Coulomb-induced delays of the electrons along their trajectories, which vary by tens of attoseconds with the laser field intensity.

Time-Resolved X-Ray Scattering from Coherent Excitations in Solids

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 514-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Trigo ◽  
David Reis
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Femtosecond Lasers ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Far From Equilibrium ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Ray Scattering

AbstractRecent advances in pulsed x-ray sources have opened up new opportunities to study the dynamics of matter directly in the time domain with picosecond to femtosecond resolution. In this article, we present recent results from a variety of ultrafast sources on time-resolved x-ray scattering from elementary excitations in periodic solids. A few representative examples are given on folded acoustic phonons, coherent optical phonons, squeezed phonons, and polaritons excited by femtosecond lasers. Next-generation light sources, such as the x-ray-free electron laser, will lead to improvements in coherence, flux, and pulse duration. These experiments demonstrate potential opportunities for studying matter far from equilibrium on the fastest time scales and shortest distances that will be available in the coming years.

scholarly journals Development of a High-Speed Digitizer to Time Resolve Nanosecond Fluorescence Pulses

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Moreno-García ◽  
R. Galicia-Mejía ◽  
D. Jiménez-Olarte ◽  
J. M. de la Rosa Vázquez ◽  
S. Stolik-Isakina
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Input Pulse ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
The Time Domain

The development of a high-speed digitizer system to measure time-domain voltage pulses in nanoseconds range is presented in this work. The digitizer design includes a high performance digital signal processor, a high-bandwidth analog-to-digital converter of flash-type, a set of delay lines, and a computer to achieve the time-domain measurements. A program running on the processor applies a time-equivalent sampling technique to acquire the input pulse. The processor communicates with the computer via a serial port RS-232 to receive commands and to transmit data. A control program written in LabVIEW 7.1 starts an acquisition routine in the processor. The program reads data from processor point by point in each occurrence of the signal, and plots each point to recover the time-resolved input pulse after n occurrences. The developed prototype is applied to measure fluorescence pulses from a homemade spectrometer. For this application, the LabVIEW program was improved to control the spectrometer, and to register and plot time-resolved fluorescence pulses produced by a substance. The developed digitizer has 750 MHz of analog input bandwidth, and it is able to resolve 2 ns rise-time pulses with 150 ps of resolution and a temporal error of 2.6 percent.

The Interrelated Mechanics of Poroelastic Gels in Time- and Frequency-Domain Detected by Indentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050103
Author(s):  
Alvin Maningding ◽  
Mojtaba Azadi
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Poisson Ratio ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Master Curves ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
First Time

The force response of poroelastic materials including poroelastic gels to indentation is known to be time- and space-dependent (i.e., a function of indenter shape and size). Despite the complexity of the poroelastic response and in contrast to viscoelastic mechanics, poroelastic mechanics can be captured in terms of several intrinsic mechanical properties, such as elasticity, permeability, and Poisson ratio. While these intrinsic properties can be found from time-domain or frequency-domain master curves, indentation is usually conducted and analyzed only in the time domain using stress-relaxation or creep experiments. This paper advocates using frequency-domain analysis of poroelastic gels by reviewing and analyzing the relevant works of the literature. The analysis and methods, proposed here, enable researchers to characterize dynamic moduli of poroelastic gels in frequency domain using only a few experimental defining parameters. The authors have intentionally provided extensive details and background, to make this work useful for researchers who consider using frequency-domain analysis for the first time. This work reviews and explains the instantaneous elastic modulus, depicted over normalized time as a unifying and understandable set of master curves for time-domain stress relaxation tests on poroelastic gels for cylindrical, conical, and spherical indenters. The dynamic elastic modulus, depicted over normalized frequency, are derived symbolically and numerically and explained for the first time as master curves with simple transfer function in the frequency domain for presenting poroelastic mechanics of gels.

scholarly journals Lifetime encoding in flow cytometry for bead-based sensing of biomolecular interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kage ◽  
Katrin Hoffmann ◽  
Heike Borcherding ◽  
Uwe Schedler ◽  
Ute Resch-Genger
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Biomolecular Interactions ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
The Time Domain

Abstract To demonstrate the potential of time-resolved flow cytometry (FCM) for bioanalysis, clinical diagnostics, and optically encoded bead-based assays, we performed a proof-of-principle study to detect biomolecular interactions utilizing fluorescence lifetime (LT)-encoded micron-sized polymer beads bearing target-specific bioligands and a recently developed prototype lifetime flow cytometer (LT-FCM setup). This instrument is equipped with a single excitation light source and different fluorescence detectors, one operated in the photon-counting mode for time-resolved measurements of fluorescence decays and three detectors for conventional intensity measurements in different spectral windows. First, discrimination of bead-bound biomolecules was demonstrated in the time domain exemplarily for two targets, Streptavidin (SAv) and the tumor marker human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). In a second step, the determination of biomolecule concentration levels was addressed representatively for the inflammation-related biomarker tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) utilizing fluorescence intensity measurements in a second channel of the LT-FCM instrument. Our results underline the applicability of LT-FCM in the time domain for measurements of biomolecular interactions in suspension assays. In the future, the combination of spectral and LT encoding and multiplexing and the expansion of the time scale from the lower nanosecond range to the longer nanosecond and the microsecond region is expected to provide many distinguishable codes. This enables an increasing degree of multiplexing which could be attractive for high throughput screening applications.

Ultrafast Magnetization Reversal Dynamics on A Micrometer-Scale Thin Film Element Studied by Time Domain Imaging

2000 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.C. Choi ◽  
G. Ballentine ◽  
M. Belov ◽  
W.K. Hiebert ◽  
M.R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Magnetization Reversal ◽  
Switching Time ◽  
Magnetization Vector ◽  
Domain Wall Motion ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
The Time Domain

AbstractPicosecond time scale magnetization reversal dynamics in a 15nm thick Ni80Fe20 microstructure (10μm×2μm) is studied using time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy. The time domain images reveal a striking change in the magnetization reversal mode, associated with the dramatic reduction in switching time when the magnetization vector is pulsed by a longitudinal switching field while a steady transverse biasing field is applied to the sample. According to the time domain imaging results, the abrupt change of the switching time is due to the change in the magnetization reversal mode; i.e., the nucleation dominant reversal process is replaced by domain wall motion if transverse biasing field is applied. Furthermore, magnetization oscillations subsequent to reversal are observed at two distinct resonance frequencies, which sensitively depend on the biasing field strength. The high frequency resonance at f=2 GHz is caused by damped precession of the magnetization vector, whereas another mode at f≈0.8 GHz is observed to arise from domain wall oscillation.

scholarly journals The Future of the Time Domain with LSST

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S285) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
Lucianne M. Walkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Event Identification ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
First Time

SummaryIn the coming decade LSST's combination of all-sky coverage, consistent long-term monitoring and flexible criteria for event identification will revolutionize studies of a wide variety of astrophysical phenomena. Time-domain science with LSST encompasses objects both familiar and exotic, from classical variables within our Galaxy to explosive cosmological events. Increased sample sizes of known-but-rare observational phenomena will quantify their distributions for the first time, thus challenging existing theories. Perhaps most excitingly, LSST will provide the opportunity to sample previously untouched regions of parameter space. LSST will generate ‘alerts’ within 60 seconds of detecting a new transient, permitting the community to follow up unusual events in greater detail. However, follow-up will remain a challenge as the volume of transients will easily saturate available spectroscopic resources. Characterization of events and access to appropriate ancillary data (e.g. from prior observations, either in the optical or in other passbands) will be of the utmost importance in prioritizing follow-up observations. The incredible scientific opportunities and unique challenges afforded by LSST demand organization, forethought and creativity from the astronomical community. To learn more about the telescope specifics and survey design, as well as obtaining a overview of the variety of the scientific investigations that LSST will enable, readers are encouraged to look at the LSST Science Book: http://www.lsst.org/lsst/scibook. Organizational details of the LSST science collaborations and management may be found at http://www.lsstcorp.org.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Dual-mode Emission and Tunable Multicolor in the Time Domain from Lanthanide-doped Core-shell Microcrystals

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Ju ◽  
Feng Song ◽  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Feifei Song ◽  
Aihua Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Excitation Light ◽  
The Core ◽  
Surface Quenching ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
High Level

The dual-mode emission and multicolor outputs in the time domain from core-shell microcrystals are presented. The core-shell microcrystals, with NaYF4:Yb/Er as the core and NaYF4:Ce/Tb/Eu as the shell, were successfully fabricated by employing the hydrothermal method, which confines the activator ions into a separate region and minimizes the effect of surface quenching. The material is capable of both upconversion and downshifting emission, and their multicolor outputs in response to 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) excitation laser and 252 nm, and 395 nm ultraviolet (UV) excitation light have been investigated. Furthermore, the tunable color emissions by controlling the Tb3+- Eu3+ ratio in shells and the energy transfer of Ce3+→Tb3+→ Eu3+ were discussed in details. In addition, color tuning of core-shell-structured microrods from green to red region in the time domain could be obtained by setting suitable delay time. Due to downshifting multicolor outputs (time-resolved and pump-wavelength-induced downshifting) coupled with the upconversion mode, the core-shell microrods can be potentially applied to displays and high-level security.

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