Magnetoreception in eusocial insects: an update

Behavioural experiments for magnetoreception in eusocial insects in the last decade are reviewed. Ants and bees use the geomagnetic field to orient and navigate in areas around their nests and along migratory paths. Bees show sensitivity to small changes in magnetic fields in conditioning experiments and when exiting the hive. For the first time, the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles found in eusocial insects, obtained by magnetic techniques and electron microscopy, are reviewed. Different magnetic oxide nanoparticles, ranging from superparamagnetic to multi-domain particles, were observed in all body parts, but greater relative concentrations in the abdomens and antennae of honeybees and ants have focused attention on these segments. Theoretical models for how these specific magnetosensory apparatuses function have been proposed. Neuron-rich ant antennae may be the most amenable to discovering a magnetosensor that will greatly assist research into higher order processing of magnetic information. The ferromagnetic hypothesis is believed to apply to eusocial insects, but interest in a light-sensitive mechanism is growing. The diversity of compass mechanisms in animals suggests that multiple compasses may function in insect orientation and navigation. The search for magnetic compasses will continue even after a magnetosensor is discovered in eusocial insects.

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A new fossil species of Euroleptochromus Jałoszyński (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae) from Eocene Baltic amber

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4500 (1) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

ZI-WEI YIN ◽

CHEN-YANG CAI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

The Body ◽

Baltic Amber ◽

Body Parts ◽

Fossil Species ◽

First Time ◽

A New Species

A new species of the extinct scydmaenine genus Euroleptochromus Jałoszyński (Mastigitae: Leptochromini), E. tuberculatus Yin & Cai, sp. nov., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. It can be separated from the two previously known congeners by the different proportions of the body parts and spination of the profemur, and more importantly, lack of an elongate postgenal process of the head. Our finding demonstrates for the first time a notable variability of the postgenal structures within Euroleptochromus.

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PENDAMPINGAN MENGHINDARI SEXUAL ABUSE PADA SISWA SMA CURUP BENGKULU

JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) ◽

10.31764/jmm.v2i1.1386 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Dheni Koerniawan ◽

Ketut Suryani ◽

Maria Tarisia Rini ◽

Sagita Bahari

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Public Services ◽

Deviant Behavior ◽

Early Education ◽

Self Care ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Body Parts ◽

Psychosocial Aspect ◽

Best Friends ◽

First Time

Abstrak: Perubahan hormon selama perkembangan remaja dapat menjadikan remaja mengalami kemelut (turmoil) dalam dirinya secara psikoseksual. Hal tersebut dapat memicu terjadinya perilaku menyimpang yang dilakukan oleh remaja atau dialami oleh remaja sehingga menempatkan remaja dapat menjadi pelaku atau korban dalam penyimpangan seksual seperti kekerasan seksual (sexual abuse). Oleh karena itu, edukasi dan pendampingan sejak dini perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan self-care remaja mengidentifikasi adanya risiko terjadinya sexual abuse baik yang dapat terjadi pada dirinya atau pun lingkungannya. Hal inilah yang menjadi tujuan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sehingga luaran yang diharapkan adalah remaja mampu mengenali kondisi atau orang yang berpotensi mengakibatkan terjadinya sexual abuse, mengamankan diri dengan mencegah munculnya kesempatan terjadinya sexual abuse, dan melaporkan kondisi atau orang yang berpotensi serta kejadian sexual abuse. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan metode edukasi dan konseling. Hasil abdimas menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta berusia 17 tahun dan berjenis kelamin perempuan, area pribadinya pernah disentuh orang lain dan korban sexual abuse verbal, pertama kali mengalami sexual abuse saat berusia 16 tahun, mengenal pornografi dan pornoaksi ketika berusia 15 tahun, serta menjadikan orang tua dan sahabat sebagai pihak yang dipercaya dalam melaporkan peristiwa sexual abuse baik yang dialami atau disaksikan peserta. Abstract: Hormonal changes is going along with adolescence growing so he/she has turmoil especially in psychosocial aspect. This could precipitate the deviant behavior that adolescence done or suffered. It can make adolescence be a doer or victims of sexual abuse. Thus, early education and accompaniment needed to be done to enhanced adolescence self-care to identify the risk of sexual abuse that can be happened with him/herself or in their environment. This was the aims of our public services so it has outcome that adolescence able to know condition or someone which has potential to be a sexual abuse, protecting self with preventing that potential to become sexual abuse, and reporting it. This activity done as an education and counseling. The result showed mainly of participants are 17 year old and girls, personal body parts had been touched by other people and as victims, first time being victim at 16 years old, knowing pornography and pornoaction at 15 years old, and made parents and best friends as trusted people to to report even being a victim or witness.

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Spinal fMRI of Interoceptive Attention/Awareness in Experts and Novices

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2014/679509 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Keyvan Kashkouli Nejad ◽

Motoaki Sugiura ◽

Benjamin Thyreau ◽

Takayuki Nozawa ◽

Yuka Kotozaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Activity ◽

Breathing Pattern ◽

Body Parts ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Spinal Segment ◽

Sensory Experiences ◽

Extended Training ◽

Spinal Fmri ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

Many disciplines/traditions that promote interoceptive (inner sensation of body parts) attention/awareness (IAA) train practitioners to both attend to and be aware of interoceptive sensory experiences in body parts. The effect of such practices has been investigated in previous imaging studies but limited to cerebral neural activity. Here, for the first time, we studied the impact of these practices on the spinal neural activity of experts and novices. We also attempted to clarify the effect of constant and deep breathing, a paradigm utilized in concentration practices to avoid mind wandering, on IAA-related spinal neural activity. Subjects performed IAA tasks with and without a deep and constant breathing pattern in two sessions. Results showed that neural activity in the spinal segment innervating the attended-to body area increased in experts (P=0.04) when they performed IAA and that this increase was significantly larger for experts versus novices in each of the sessions (P=0.024). The significant effects of IAA and expertise on spinal neural activity are consistent with and elaborate on previous reports showing similar effects on cerebral neural activity. As the spinal cord directly innervates body parts, the results might indicate that IAA has an instantaneous (possibly beneficial) effect on the physical body after extended training.

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The Function of Complexity in the Courtship of the Grasshopper Myrmeleotettix Maculatus

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853979x00476 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 69 (3-4) ◽

pp. 201-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C.M. Bull

Keyword(s):

Body Parts ◽

Male Fitness ◽

Male Courtship ◽

Grasshopper Species ◽

Male And Female ◽

Alternative Function ◽

Reproductive Material ◽

Species Specific ◽

First Time ◽

Later Phase

AbstractMales of the grasshopper Myrmeleotettix maculatus have a courtship which is more complex than that of many other grasshopper species in terms of the number of body parts and different movements involved. The courtship consists of four distinct phases which are described in detail. The female may respond by either ignoring the male, by rejecting him or by calling back. Only females which call back are mated. In laboratory cages where male and female grasshoppers were brought into contact for the first time, 1610 courtship initiations were observed. Only 32% of these proceeded beyond the first phase, and 10% actually reached the last phase of the courtship sequence. Males were often persistent courters with a trend for succeeding courtships to one female to reach the same or a later phase. Females may respond, by calling, at any phase of the male courtship. A male may attempt to mate with a female at any phase of his courtship, but his success is higher if the female has called first. A male will almost always attempt to mate with a female once he has reached the final courtship phase, but he rarely succeeds. These observations are used to examine hypotheses to account for the significance of complexity in the courtship of this species. It is unlikely to serve as a species specific signal, an indicator of male fitness, an advertisement for mates over distance, or a mechanism to prepare males for copulation. Complexity might serve to convert females from a semi-receptive to a fully receptive state. If females could be prepared in this way, it would allow them to continue eating when not being courted. This would be advantageous because it would allow the maximum accumulation of reproductive material in the female. The behaviour might have arisen through sexual selection and have been then given this alternative function.

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Typological and Integrative Models of Sexual Abuse

Psychological-Educational Studies ◽

10.17759/psyedu.2014060309 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 82-93

Author(s):

L.Y. Demidova ◽

N.V. Dvoryanchikov

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Comprehensive Model ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Theoretical Concepts ◽

Sexual Conduct ◽

First Time

We discuss the basic typological and integrative theoretical models that explain the occurrence of child sexual abuse and the differences detected among the perpetrators of crimes against sexual integrity of minors. A comprehensive review of the theoretical concepts of sexual abuse in our country, in fact has not been carried out, and in this paper for the first time we made such an attempt. It is shown that the existing notions of sexual abuse largely overlap each other, but each of the models somehow takes into account the factors not explicitly addressed in other concepts. Systematic consideration of the theoretical models of sexual abuse can generalize and systematize the available data on the mechanisms of pedophile behavior. This review provides an opportunity to develop a new benchmark in the study of sexual abuse, get closer to building the most accurate and comprehensive model. In turn, this may contribute to solving the questions about the factors, dynamics, and the prevention of criminal sexual conduct against children.

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X-raying winds in distant quasars: The first high-redshift wind duty cycle

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/202037742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 638 ◽

pp. A136

Author(s):

E. Bertola ◽

M. Dadina ◽

M. Cappi ◽

C. Vignali ◽

G. Chartas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Duty Cycle ◽

High Redshift ◽

Cosmic Time ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Host Galaxy ◽

Time Interval ◽

Absorption Column ◽

X Ray ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

First Time

Aims. Theoretical models of wind-driven feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) often identify ultra-fast outflows as being the main agent in the generation of galaxy-sized outflows, which are possibly the main actors in establishing so-called AGN-galaxy co-evolution. Ultra-fast outflows are well characterized in local AGN but much less is known in quasars at the cosmic time when star formation and AGN activity peaked (z ≃ 1–3). It is therefore necessary to search for evidence of ultra-fast outflows in high-z sources to test wind-driven AGN feedback models. Methods. Here we present a study of Q2237+030, the Einstein Cross, a quadruply-imaged radio-quiet lensed quasar located at z = 1.695. We performed a systematic and comprehensive temporally and spatially resolved X-ray spectral analysis of all the available Chandra and XMM-Newton data (as of September 2019). Results. We find clear evidence for spectral variability, possibly due to absorption column density (or covering fraction) variability intrinsic to the source. For the first time in this quasar, we detect a fast X-ray wind outflowing at vout ≃ 0.1c that would be powerful enough (Ėkin ≃ 0.1 Lbol) to significantly affect the evolution of the host galaxy. We report also on the possible presence of an even faster component of the wind (vout ∼ 0.5c). For the first time in a high-z quasar, given the large sample and long time interval spanned by the analyzed X-ray data, we are able to roughly estimate the wind duty cycle as ≃0.46 (0.31) at 90% (95%) confidence level. Finally, we also confirm the presence of a Fe Kα emission line with variable energy, which we discuss in the light of microlensing effects as well as considering our findings on the source.

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Properties of Hall-MHD Turbulence at Sub-Ion Scales: Spectral Transfer Analysis

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12121632 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1632

Author(s):

Emanuele Papini ◽

Petr Hellinger ◽

Andrea Verdini ◽

Simone Landi ◽

Luca Franci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulations ◽

Transfer Rate ◽

Space Plasma ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Magnetic Fluctuations ◽

Energy Transfer Rate ◽

Mhd Turbulence ◽

Developed Turbulence ◽

First Time ◽

Hall Mhd

We present results of a multiscale study of Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, carried out on a dataset of compressible nonlinear 2D Hall-MHD numerical simulations of decaying Alfvénic turbulence. For the first time, we identify two distinct regimes of fully developed turbulence. In the first one, the power spectrum of the turbulent magnetic fluctuations at sub-ion scales exhibits a power law with a slope of ∼−2.9, typically observed both in solar wind and in magnetosheath turbulence. The second regime, instead, shows a slope of −7/3, in agreement with classical theoretical models of Hall-MHD turbulence. A spectral-transfer analysis reveals that the latter regime occurs when the energy transfer rate at sub-ion scales is dominated by the Hall term, whereas in the former regime, the governing process is the dissipation (and the system exhibits large intermittency). Results of this work are relevant to the space plasma community, as they may potentially reconcile predictions from theoretical models with results from numerical simulations and spacecraft observations.

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Modelling the coefficient of thermal expansion in graphite crystals: implications of lattice strain due to irradiation and pressure

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2018.0075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 474 (2218) ◽

pp. 20180075 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Barry Marsden ◽

Andrew Mummery ◽

Paul Mummery

Keyword(s):

Thermal Expansion ◽

Input Data ◽

Lattice Spacing ◽

Lattice Strain ◽

Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽

Pyrolytic Graphite ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Nuclear Graphite ◽

First Time ◽

Insight Into

Theoretical models for the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) first proposed in the 1970s are expanded upon, allowing them, for the first time, to be implemented over a wide temperature range. The models are of interest because they predict the effects of the changes in the crystal lattice spacing and crystallite modulus on the CTE. Hence, they can in turn be used to investigate the influence of pressure and irradiation on the CTE. To date, typographical and mathematical errors and incomplete or conflicting assumptions between the various papers had made the complex mathematical formulations difficult, if not impossible, to follow and apply. This paper has two main aims: firstly to revisit and review the CTE models, correcting the errors and compiling and updating various input data, secondly to use the revised models to investigate the effect of loading and irradiation on the CTE. In particular, the models have been applied to data for natural and highly orientated pyrolytic graphite and compared with experimental data, giving an insight into the influence of temperature, loading and irradiation on both single crystal and polycrystalline graphite. The findings lend credence to postulated microstructural mechanisms attributed to the in-reactor behaviour of nuclear graphite, which finds a wide use in predictive multiscale modelling.

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Functionalization of 3D Chitinous Skeletal Scaffolds of Sponge Origin Using Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Properties

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18060304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomasz Machałowski ◽

Maria Czajka ◽

Iaroslav Petrenko ◽

Heike Meissner ◽

Christian Schimpf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Composite Material ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Marine Sponges ◽

Water Filtration ◽

Focused Attention ◽

Renewable Source ◽

Filtration System ◽

First Time

Chitin, as one of nature’s most abundant structural polysaccharides, possesses worldwide, high industrial potential and a functionality that is topically pertinent. Nowadays, the metallization of naturally predesigned, 3D chitinous scaffolds originating from marine sponges is drawing focused attention. These invertebrates represent a unique, renewable source of specialized chitin due to their ability to grow under marine farming conditions. In this study, the development of composite material in the form of 3D chitin-based skeletal scaffolds covered with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Ag-bromide is described for the first time. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of the obtained materials and their possible applications as a water filtration system are also investigated.

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Butterfly diagram of a Sun-like star observed using asteroseismology

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/201834251 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 619 ◽

pp. L9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Bazot ◽

M. B. Nielsen ◽

D. Mary ◽

J. Christensen-Dalsgaard ◽

O. Benomar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Fields ◽

Stellar Evolution ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Observational Constraint ◽

Stellar Rotation ◽

Magnetic Field Generation ◽

Rotation Rates ◽

Butterfly Diagram ◽

Stellar Magnetic Fields ◽

First Time

Stellar magnetic fields are poorly understood, but are known to be important for stellar evolution and exoplanet habitability. They drive stellar activity, which is the main observational constraint on theoretical models for magnetic field generation and evolution. Starspots are the main manifestation of the magnetic fields at the stellar surface. In this study we measured the variation in their latitude with time, called a butterfly diagram in the solar case, for the solar analogue HD 173701 (KIC 8006161). To this end, we used Kepler data to combine starspot rotation rates at different epochs and the asteroseismically determined latitudinal variation in the stellar rotation rates. We observe a clear variation in the latitude of the starspots. It is the first time such a diagram has been constructed using asteroseismic data.

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