scholarly journals Mechanisms and evolution of hypoxia tolerance in fish

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1657) ◽  
pp. 735-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Mandic ◽  
Anne E Todgham ◽  
Jeffrey G Richards
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
The Family ◽  
Blood Haemoglobin ◽  
Gill Surface Area

The ability of an organism to acquire O 2 from its environment is key to survival and can play an important role in dictating a species' ecological distribution. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to show a tight, phylogenetically independent correlation between hypoxia tolerance, traits involved in dictating O 2 extraction capacity and the distribution of a group of closely related fish species, sculpins from the family Cottidae, along the nearshore marine environment. Sculpins with higher hypoxia tolerance, measured as low critical O 2 tensions ( P crit ), inhabit the O 2 variable intertidal zones, while species with lower hypoxia tolerance inhabit the more O 2 stable subtidal zone or freshwater. Hypoxia tolerance is phylogenetically independently associated with an enhanced O 2 extraction capacity, with three principal components accounting for 75 per cent of the variation in P crit : routine O 2 consumption rate; mass-specific gill surface area; and whole blood haemoglobin (Hb)–O 2 -binding affinity ( P 50 ). Variation in whole blood Hb–O 2 P 50 is strongly correlated with the intrinsic O 2 -binding properties of the purified Hb while the differences in the concentration of the allosteric Hb modulators, ATP and GTP, provide a Hb system with substantial plasticity for survival in a highly O 2 variable environment.

Low non-carbonic buffer power amplifies acute respiratory acid-base disorders in septic patients: an in-vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Langer ◽  
Serena Brusatori ◽  
Eleonora Carlesso ◽  
Francesco Zadek ◽  
Paolo Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Strong Ion Difference ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Buffer Power ◽  
Ph Variations

Rationale: Septic patients have typically reduced concentrations of hemoglobin and albumin, the major components of non-carbonic buffer power(β). This could expose patients to high pH variations during acid-base disorders. Objectives: To compare, in-vitro, non-carbonic β of septic patients with that of healthy volunteers, and evaluate its distinct components. Methods: Whole blood and isolated plasma of 18 septic patients and 18 controls were equilibrated with different CO2 mixtures. Blood gases, pH and electrolytes were measured. Non-carbonic β and non-carbonic β due to variations in Strong Ion Difference (βSID) were calculated for whole blood. Non-carbonic β and non-carbonic β normalized for albumin concentrations (βNORM) were calculated for isolated plasma. Representative values at pH=7.40 were compared. Albumin proteoforms were evaluated via two-dimensional electrophoresis. Measurements and Main Results: Hemoglobin and albumin concentrations were significantly lower in septic patients. Septic patients had lower non-carbonic β both of whole blood (22.0±1.9 vs. 31.6±2.1 mmol/L, p<0.01) and plasma (0.5±1.0 vs. 3.7±0.8 mmol/L, p<0.01). Non-carbonic βSID was lower in patients (16.8±1.9 vs. 24.4±1.9 mmol/L, p<0.01) and strongly correlated with hemoglobin concentration (r=0.94, p<0.01). Non-carbonic βNORM was lower in patients (0.01 [-0.01 - 0.04] vs. 0.08 [0.06 - 0.09] mmol/g, p<0.01). Septic patients and controls showed different amounts of albumin proteoforms. Conclusions: Septic patients are exposed to higher pH variations for any given change in CO2 due to lower concentrations of non-carbonic buffers and, possibly, an altered buffering function of albumin. In both septic patients and healthy controls, electrolyte shifts are the major buffering mechanism during respiratory acid-base disorders.

scholarly journals Interspecific variation in hypoxia tolerance and hypoxia acclimation responses in killifish from the family Fundulidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (4) ◽  
pp. jeb209692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney G. Borowiec ◽  
Ryan D. Hoffman ◽  
Chelsea D. Hess ◽  
Fernando Galvez ◽  
Graham R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hypoxia Acclimation

scholarly journals Seasonal occurrence of Japanese pygmy octopus Octopus parvus in the intertidal zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Yamate ◽  
Takumi Ohya ◽  
Toshifumi Wada ◽  
Takeshi Takegaki
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Hermit Crabs ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Traditional Fishing

AbstractThe Japanese pygmy octopus Octopus parvus is a small octopus that occurs commonly along the coast of southern Japan, and is caught using traditional fishing methods. To date, however, there have been no studies on the ecology of this species. In this study, we investigated the annual seasonal occurrence of O. parvus in the intertidal zone of Fukue Island, Nagasaki, Japan, and examined the growth, maturation, and feeding habits of this octopus. We accordingly found that the octopus inhabits the intertidal zone of the study site from August to January, during which time it appears to move from the high to low intertidal zone, and subsequently migrates to the subtidal zone. During low tide at night in the intertidal zone, we observed that the octopuses actively captured and fed on prey, such as fish, crabs, hermit crabs, shrimp, snails, and bivalves. Both males and females were found to be characterized by similar body sizes and growth, although gonadal development occurs relatively earlier in males. However, any mating or brooding behaviors were not observed during the course of the study. Our observations thus indicate that O. parvus uses intertidal zones as feeding grounds for rapid growth and maturation, and may thereafter move to the subtidal zone for spawning.

scholarly journals Whole blood immunophenotyping uncovers immature neutrophil-to-VD2 T-cell ratio as an early prognostic marker for severe COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Carissimo ◽  
Weili Xu ◽  
Immanuel Kwok ◽  
Mohammad Yazid Abdad ◽  
Yi-Hao Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Severe complications are observed only in a small proportion of infected patients but the cellular mechanisms underlying this progression are still unknown. Comprehensive flow cytometry of whole blood samples from 54 COVID-19 patients revealed a dramatic increase in the number of immature neutrophils. This increase strongly correlated with disease severity and was associated with elevated IL-6 and IP-10 levels, two key players in the cytokine storm. The most pronounced decrease in cell counts was observed for CD8 T-cells and VD2 γδ T-cells, which both exhibited increased differentiation and activation. ROC analysis revealed that the count ratio of immature neutrophils to CD8 or VD2 T-cells predicts pneumonia onset (0.9071) as well as hypoxia onset (0.8908) with high sensitivity and specificity. It would thus be a useful prognostic marker for preventive patient management and improved healthcare resource management.

scholarly journals Secondary Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in Fatigue, Self-Compassion, Physical and Mental Health of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Caregivers: The Teruel Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Lydia Giménez-Llort ◽  
Juan José Martín-González ◽  
Sara Maurel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Family ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Impact

The secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are distress triggers and risk factors for mental health. Conversely, self-compassion skills and compassionate thoughts/behaviors towards suffering may contribute to their alleviation. Both psychological constructs are interrelated in life-threatening diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The Teruel Study retrospectively evaluated the impact of strict confinement on the 44 people with MS of this Spanish province and 24 caregivers, specifically assessing (1) fears and perceptions; (2) self-compassion (people with MS) and compassion (caregivers); (3) physical and mental health, and fatigue. Despite better housing conditions, people with MS considered confinement very difficult to handle, more than their caregivers, but they were less afraid of COVID-19 and worsening of MS. Still, they recognized worse health than before confinement. Reclusion and lack of walks were the worst of confinement. Caregivers also referred to lack of leisure and uncertainty–fear. All agreed the best was staying with the family, but some found ‘nothing’ positive. Self-compassion remained moderate–high and strongly correlated with their moderate levels of social function, vitality, physical role, and global health. Physical and cognitive fatigue scores were high, and self-compassion negatively correlated with them, explaining a 19% variance in global health. The high compassion of the caregivers did not correlate with any variable.

Morphological and molecular analyses of larval trematodes in the intertidal bivalve Perumytilus purpuratus from central Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Muñoz ◽  
Z. López ◽  
L. Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perumytilus Purpuratus ◽  
Species Type ◽  
Type 3

AbstractThe bivalve Perumytilus purpuratus is a common species that is widely distributed throughout rocky intertidal zones in Chile. This bivalve is the first intermediate host for three trematode species: one bucephalid (an undetermined species) and two fellodistomids (Proctoeces lintoni and one undetermined species). A few studies based on morphological comparisons, experimental infection and molecular analyses have been performed to ascertain the taxon (at least at the family level) to which these trematodes belong; yet, there remains no clarification about the specific identity of these trematodes. Therefore, in this study, we compared the V4 region nucleotide sequences of the 18S rRNA of these three sporocyst species, classified as morphotypes, found in P. purpuratus and nine adult trematode species from intertidal fishes that are likely definitive hosts for these parasites. The sequences from two of the sporocyst morphotypes matched with adult trematodes from the intertidal fish: type 1 sporocyst was similar to Prosorhynchoides carvajali (Bucephalidae), with a mean genetic divergence of 0.78%, and type 2 sporocyst was similar to Proctoeces sp. (but not P. lintoni), with 0% genetic divergence. The third species (type 3 sporocyst) was classified to the family Fellodistomidae; however, the sequence from this species differed greatly from the three other fellodistomid species documented in the marine fish of Chile and from other fellodistomids in public databases. Moreover, this morphotype has a particular cercarial morphology that greatly differs from other fellodistomid species described thus far. Therefore, this intriguing trematode remains a mystery.

scholarly journals Intergenerational continuity in high-conflict family environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Andrew Rothenberg ◽  
Andrea M. Hussong ◽  
Laurie Chassin
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
The Family ◽  
Intergenerational Continuity ◽  
Multiple Reporters

AbstractIn the current study, we examined continuity in conflict across generations and explored potential mediators and moderators that could explain this continuity. We followed 246 targets from adolescence to adulthood and examined family conflict as reported by multiple reporters in targets' family of origin and current families. Results showed that conflict in the current family was strongly correlated with that of the family of origin in women but not in men. Continuity in family conflict across generations was mediated by patterns of elevated adolescent externalizing behavior in members of the second generation (G2). In addition, analyses revealed an interaction between both G2 partners' externalizing behavior such that if one partner in the G2 family demonstrated high levels of externalizing behavior, elevated levels of family conflict resulted. Potential explanations and implications of these findings are considered.

scholarly journals Dairy farm resilience in a variable environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lewis ◽  
C. Stolte ◽  
E. Stolte
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Farm Policy ◽  
Variable Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Pasture Yield

Clarence and Elise Stolte farm the family Masterton property as 50:50 sharemilkers. They have made the 285 ha dairy farming business resilient to environmental and milk price volatility by remaining focussed on sustainable results and not productivity. Evidenced through the Dairy Systems Monitoring (DSM) and the Dairy Farm Business of the Year competition they stand in the top 10% of elite groups for financial results in both high payout in a high pasture yield season, and then in the following low payout, low pasture yield season. Being able to demonstrate consistent results comes from a deliberately well considered farm policy, skilled on-farm management, maximising home grown feed yields and strong discipline around the farm budget.

scholarly journals Two species of Thoracostomopsidae (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Jeju Island, South Korea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9037
Author(s):  
Raehyuk Jeong ◽  
Alexei V. Tchesunov ◽  
Wonchoel Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
The Family ◽  
C Subunit ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
First Time

During a survey of intertidal zones at beaches on Jeju Island, two species belonging to the family Thoracostomopsidae were discovered. One new species, Enoploides koreanus sp. nov. and one known species, Epacanthion hirsutum Shi & Xu, 2016 are reported. Along with morphological analysis, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 (mtCOI) sequences and 18S rRNA sequences of the species were also obtained and used to check relative p-distance and phylogenetic positions. While most species of Enoploides have long spicules, the new species belongs to a group of Enoploides with short spicules < 150 µm). Of the seven species with short spicules, the new species is most closely related to E. disparilis Sergeeva, 1974. They both have similar body length, fairly similar sized and shaped spicules with small gubernaculum running parallel to distal end of spicule, and an index value of b. The new species can be distinguished from E. disparilis by having pre-anal supplementary organ with short conical tail, while E. disparilis lacks pre-anal supplementary organ and has a long conico-cylindrical tail. Along with the description of the new species, the genus Enoploides Ssaweljev, 1912 is bibliographically reviewed and revised. Of 45 species described to date, 27 are now considered valid, 16 species inquirendae due to inadequate descriptions and ambiguity of the material examined, along with two cases of nomen nudum. With this review, we provide an updated diagnosis and list of valid species, a tabular key comparing diagnostic characters of all valid species, and a new complete key to species. One known species, Epacanthion hirsutum Shi & Xu, 2016, is reported in Korea for the first time. The morphology agrees well with the original description provided by Shi & Xu, 2016. As they had already reviewed the genus at the time of reporting four Epacanthion species, we provide only a description, depiction, and measurements for comparison purposes.

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