scholarly journals Juvenile salmon with high standard metabolic rates have higher energy costs but can process meals faster

2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (1664) ◽  
pp. 2103-2108 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Millidine ◽  
J.D. Armstrong ◽  
N.B. Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment

Basal or standard metabolic rate (SMR) has been found to exhibit substantial intraspecific variation in a range of taxa, but the consequences of this variation are little understood. Here we explore how SMR is related to the energy cost of processing food, known as apparent specific dynamic action or the heat increment of feeding. Using juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar , we show that fishes with a higher SMR had a higher peak and a greater total energy expenditure when digesting a given size of meal. However, the duration over which their metabolism was elevated after consuming the meal was shorter. The greater energy costs they incur for processing food may be related to their assimilation efficiency. These relationships are likely to have implications for feeding strategies and growth rates, since individuals with a higher SMR have higher routine costs of living but recover more quickly following feeding and so may have a greater potential for processing food.

scholarly journals Specific Dynamic Action of Acetic Acid and Heat Increment of Feeding in Ruminants

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 374 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Mcclymont
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Adequate Explanation ◽  
Dynamic Action ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment

Attention is drawn to the lack of adequate explanation of the phenomena of the high specific dynamic action of acetic acid and the high heat increment of feeding in ruminants.

Metabolism and growth of young harp and grey seals

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham A. J. Worthy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Preferential Growth ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Metabolic rates and growth rates of juvenile harp and grey seals were monitored during the postweaning period after the onset of feeding. Growth rates varied from 0.03 to 0.32 kg d−1, depending on the level of energy intake and absolute body mass of the seal. Measurements of sculp mass (blubber with attached skin), as a percentage of total mass, indicated low rates of growth in the sculp and preferential growth in the core. When feeding started there was a 1.3- to 2.3-fold increase in standard metabolic rate, which was independent of the heat increment of feeding. Metabolic requirements of feeding seals, measured by indirect calorimetry, were between 1.2 and 7.2 W kg−1 in water and between 1.2 and 6.0 W kg−1 in air, similar to average daily metabolic rates calculated from net energy intake.

scholarly journals Energy exchanges associated with eating and rumination in sheep given grass diets of different physical forms

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Osuji ◽  
J. G. Gordon ◽  
A. J. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Energy Exchanges ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
True Energy

1. Energy exchanges and other physiological functions associated with eating and rumination were determined in four experiments. Sheep were given chopped, dried grass (DGC), pelleted, dried grass (DGP) or fresh grass (FGC).2. In Expt 1 a preliminary study was made using all three diets. The dry matter (DM) of DGP was eaten significantly faster than that of chopped diets. Sheep salivated most during eating and ruminated longest when given DGC. Rates of contraction for the reticulo-rumen did not differ significantly between diets during idling and rumination, but were significantly faster during eating with DGP. The apparent energy costs of eating were 17, 109 and 176 kJ/kg DM eaten for DGP, DGC and FGC respectively, but these probably underestimated the true energy cost.3. Expt 2 compared DGP and DGC at two levels of intake. The mean energy costs of eating DGP and DGC were 23.5 and 267 kJ/kg DM respectively. There was no consistent relationship between the energy cost of eating and the duration of the meal. The proportion of time the sheep spent ruminating DGC was about 23% but less than 1% for DGP. There was no significant relationship between heat production and the time spent ruminating.4. In Expt 3 four sheep were offered fresh grass and, later, an equivalent DM intake after the material had been dried. The sheep ate the dried meal significantly faster. The mean energy costs of eating were 208 and 346 kJ/kg DM for DGC and FGC respectively. In this experiment the sheep ruminated significantly longer when given FGC, and the energy cost of rumination was 0.11 kJ/min.5. Increases in heat production during and after fistula-feeding were only 2–8% of those obtained during eating, indicating that nearly all the increase in heat production during eating could be attributed to the energy cost of eating per se.6. The contribution of the energy costs of eating and rumination to the heat increment of feeding and the energy requirement for maintenance of sheep are discussed.

scholarly journals Obesity and the Heat Increment of Feeding

Nature ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 223 (5202) ◽  
pp. 213-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. STOCK
Keyword(s):  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment

scholarly journals Heat increment of feeding in Brunnich's guillemot

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Hawkins ◽  
P Butler ◽  
A Woakes ◽  
G Gabrielsen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Common Murre ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Persistent Elevation

The rate of oxygen consumption (O2), respiratory quotient (RQ) and deep body temperature (TB) were recorded during a single, voluntary ingestion of Arctic cod Boreogadus saida (mean mass 18.9+/-1.1 g, s.e.m., N=13) by five postabsorptive Brunnich's guillemots (thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia). The birds were resting in air within their thermoneutral zone, and the fish were refrigerated to 0-2 degreesC. The rate of oxygen consumption increased by a factor of 1.4 during the first few minutes after ingestion, but there was no significant change in TB. Mean rate of oxygen consumption returned to preingestive levels 85 min after the birds ate the fish. The telemetered temperature of one fish reached TB within 20 min. This suggests that the persistent elevation in O2 over the next hour corresponded to the obligatory component of the heat increment of feeding (HIF) and was not related to heating the fish. Abdominal temperature increases after diving bouts in free-ranging common guillemots (common murre, Uria aalge) are possibly achieved through the HIF, since meals are processed at sea. Of the increase in O2 measured in the laboratory, it is calculated that 30 % is required to heat the fish, while 70 % is due to the HIF. In free-ranging birds, the excess heat provided by the HIF could contribute 6 % of the daily energy expenditure. This suggests that the HIF augments heat production in Uria spp. and thus reduces the energetic cost of thermoregulation.

Hormonal factors in reduced postprandial heat production of exercise-trained subjects

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc ◽  
P. Diamond ◽  
J. Cote ◽  
A. Labrie
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment

The influence of exercise training on postprandial heat production was investigated in human subjects. Whereas resting metabolic rate was comparable for trained and nontrained subjects, the heat increment of feeding (HIF) after subjects consumed a meal containing 755 kcal was approximately 50% smaller in the trained subjects. Measurements of respiratory quotient also indicated a reduction of about 50% in glucose oxidation associated with exercise training. The levels of plasma norepinephrine increased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 200 to 300 pg/ml in the sedentary subjects, but the changes observed in trained subjects were not significant. During the early phase of the meal, plasma levels of insulin were increased, even before nutrients appeared in the blood. Throughout the study the enhanced sensitivity to insulin of the trained subjects was confirmed. the postprandial heat production was diminished in exercise-trained subjects, and it is suggested that this could be related to a reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Another possibility is that this reduction in HIF is related to a facilitation of glucose disposal in the form of glycogen rather than in the form of lipids.

Effect Of L-Thyroxin Hormone (T4) On Compensatory Growth In Broiler Chicks

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
A. Hassanabadi ◽  
A. golian
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Purpose of researches in feed restriction area is improvement of feed efficiency, decrease of carcass fat content and abdominal fat pad size (Plavnik and Hurvitz,1991).Birds after early life feed restriction have less maintenance requirements due to decrease of heat increment and decrease of basal metabolic rate and specific dynamic action of food (Forsum et al.,1981).In many investigations, compensatory growth have not observed (Summers et al.,1990).It seems administration of Thyroid hormone after feed restriction can induce compensatory growth. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of early feed restriction and L-Thyroxin administration after early feed restriction on compensatory growth in broiler chickens.

Compensatory effect of the heat increment of feeding on thermoregulation costs of white-tailed deer fawns in winter

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1474-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G Jensen ◽  
Peter J Pekins ◽  
James B Holter
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Chamber ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Minor Portion ◽  
A Minor

For northern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, the energetic cost of thermoregulation (HcE) during severe winters can result in substantial catabolism of body-tissue reserves. The heat increment of feeding (HiE) has the potential to offset thermoregulatory energy expenditure that would otherwise require the catabolism of these reserves. During winters 1996 and 1997, we conducted 18 fasting and 18 on-feed heat-production trials using indirect respiration calorimetry in a metabolic chamber. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to estimate the lower critical temperatures (Tlc) and determine the fasting metabolic rate (FMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Resulting models were used to calculate HiE, HcE, and percent substitution of HiE for HcE. For fawns fed a natural browse diet, estimated FMR and RMR were 352 and 490 kJ·kg body mass (BM)-0.75·d-1, respectively; this 40% increase in thermoneutral heat production reduced Tlc from -0.8 to -11.2°C between the fasted and fed states, respectively, and reduced HcE by 59% for fed fawns. For fawns fed a concentrate diet, estimated FMR and RMR were 377 and 573 kJ·kg BM-0.75·d-1, respectively. Level of browse intake had a significant effect on RMR andTlc. RMR was 12% higher for fawns on a high versus a low level of intake, and estimated Tlc was -15.6 and -5.8°C, respectively. Our data indicate that the energetic cost of thermoregulation is probably a minor portion of the energy budget of a healthy fawn consuming natural forage.

The heat increment of feeding and its thermoregulatory implications in the short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda)

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 1445-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson G Hindle ◽  
Ian W McIntyre ◽  
Kevin L Campbell ◽  
Robert A MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Blarina Brevicauda ◽  
Open Flow ◽  
Metabolic Chamber ◽  
Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Excretion Rates

The nature and potential thermoregulatory benefits of the heat increment of feeding (HIF) were investigated in short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda). At thermoneutrality, the postprandial rate of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2) of shrews increased by an average of 18% beyond fasting levels for ca. 2 h following the consumption of 3.5 g of earthworms. Over the same period, body temperature increased by an average of 0.6 °C. The digesta-retention time calculated from nickel alloy tracer excretion rates (168.1 ± 11.4 min (mean ± SE); n = 7) exceeded the duration of HIF (117.5 ± 10.4 min; n = 6) by 43%. This finding suggests that the mechanical costs of feeding may be a relatively mi nor component of HIF in this species. Regression of resting [Formula: see text]O2 on ambient temperature (Ta) below thermo neutrality yielded similar slopes (P = 0.71) and intercepts (P = 0.33) for fed and fasted animals, suggesting that HIF substitutes, at least partially, for facultative thermogenesis at low Ta. We found no evidence that HIF enhanced microclimate warming of an insulated, open-flow metabolic chamber occupied by recently fed shrews. Occupancy of this chamber by shrews increased microclimate Ta from 5 to 9.0–9.5 °C regardless of their nutritional status.

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