scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND PATTERNS OF HUMAN MIGRATION EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIA AND SOUTH-EAST ASIA

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ali Shah ◽  
Muhammad Saleem ◽  
Tila Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Change Event

This paper is about how and by what ways climate change affects human migration. The world at large is expected to face crises of dual nature. In the first place, excessive fossil fuel consumption would result in environmental degradation. Among others, people would be faced with serious food crises as well as reduced income. In the wake of environmental change, people will migrate in search of better income prospects and food security. There is no doubt that there a strong but direct relationship between climate change and human displacement. This displacement may either be long distance or a short distance in other cases. If it is a short distance, there is a possibility that it will be temporary, and as soon as the climate change event is over, people may return back to their habitats. It may be a long-distance if climate change-related event takes place on regular intervals over a long period of time. Data is collected through secondary sources.

scholarly journals Climate change effects on migration phenology may mismatch brood parasitic cuckoos and their hosts

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Saino ◽  
Diego Rubolini ◽  
Esa Lehikoinen ◽  
Leonid V. Sokolov ◽  
Andrea Bonisoli-Alquati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Spring Arrival

Phenological responses to climate change vary among taxa and across trophic levels. This can lead to a mismatch between the life cycles of ecologically interrelated populations (e.g. predators and prey), with negative consequences for population dynamics of some of the interacting species. Here we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that climate change might disrupt the association between the life cycles of the common cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus ), a migratory brood parasitic bird, and its hosts. We investigated changes in timing of spring arrival of the cuckoo and its hosts throughout Europe over six decades, and found that short-distance, but not long-distance, migratory hosts have advanced their arrival more than the cuckoo. Hence, cuckoos may keep track of phenological changes of long-distance, but not short-distance migrant hosts, with potential consequences for breeding of both cuckoo and hosts. The mismatch to some of the important hosts may contribute to the decline of cuckoo populations and explain some of the observed local changes in parasitism rates of migratory hosts.

scholarly journals Rapid change in host use of the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus linked to climate change

2010 ◽  
Vol 278 (1706) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Møller ◽  
N. Saino ◽  
P. Adamík ◽  
R. Ambrosini ◽  
A. Antonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Cuculus Canorus ◽  
Common Cuckoo ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

Parasites require synchrony with their hosts so if host timing changes with climate change, some parasites may decline and eventually go extinct. Residents and short-distance migrant hosts of the brood parasitic common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus , have advanced their phenology in response to climate change more than long-distance migrants, including the cuckoo itself. Because different parts of Europe show different degrees of climate change, we predicted that use of residents or short-distance migrants as hosts should have declined in areas with greater increase in spring temperature. Comparing relative frequency of parasitism of the two host categories in 23 European countries before and after 1990, when spring temperatures in many areas had started to increase, we found that relative parasitism of residents and short-distance migrants decreased. This change in host use was positively related to increase in spring temperature, consistent with the prediction that relative change in phenology for different migrant classes drives host-use patterns. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that climate change affects the relative abundance of different host races of the common cuckoo.

scholarly journals The Human Migration in 21st Century India: Intensity, Trends, Flow and Opportunities for Economic Development of Migrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghuncha Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Inherent Part ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Migration has been an inherent part of human existence since the dawn of human civilisation, shaped by numerous socio-economic factors. Since 1991 India has been experiencing an upsurge in migration, largely affectingurbanisation, social transformation and economic development of the country. The objective of the present study isto analyse spatial-temporal variation in trends, pattern, and reasons for migration, and its impact on society. Based on secondary sources of information and simple statistical methods, the study finds that increasing trends of migration in the country are closely related to the liberalisation of the economy. Excluding marriage-related migration, migration is mainly a male dominated, employment oriented and long distance phenomena.Given the spatial variation in economic development, people migrate from under-developed regions to developed regions to improve their living conditions. Migration is a livelihood strategy for majority of the people and therefore, it should be viewed in the context of regional disparity in economic development.

scholarly journals An introduction to three papers on human migration by Coleman, Laczko and Myers

2002 ◽  
Vol 357 (1420) ◽  
pp. 581-581
Author(s):  
Crispin Tickell ◽  
Semir Zeki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Human migration is an activity that is as old as humanity itself. Yet it remains a sensitive and politically charged subject, creating tensions in societies that experience it. It is closely linked to economic, environmental, demographic and political factors. It has become a conspicuous feature of the world political and demographic scene, with an estimated number of 22 million migrants in the past year. It shows every sign of accelerating in the future, not only because of poverty, civil war and politics, but also from environmental reasons that, in the future, may cause still larger–scale migration. Migration will be influenced by a host of such factors as climate change, sea–level rise, desertification, and environmental degradation generally.

scholarly journals Avian population consequences of climate change are most severe for long-distance migrants in seasonal habitats

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1685) ◽  
pp. 1259-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan Both ◽  
Chris A. M. Van Turnhout ◽  
Rob G. Bijlsma ◽  
Henk Siepel ◽  
Arco J. Van Strien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Population Consequences ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Spring Arrival ◽  
Seasonal Habitats

One consequence of climate change is an increasing mismatch between timing of food requirements and food availability. Such a mismatch is primarily expected in avian long-distance migrants because of their complex annual cycle, and in habitats with a seasonal food peak. Here we show that insectivorous long-distance migrant species in The Netherlands declined strongly (1984–2004) in forests, a habitat characterized by a short spring food peak, but that they did not decline in less seasonal marshes. Also, within generalist long-distance migrant species, populations declined more strongly in forests than in marshes. Forest-inhabiting migrant species arriving latest in spring declined most sharply, probably because their mismatch with the peak in food supply is greatest. Residents and short-distance migrants had non-declining populations in both habitats, suggesting that habitat quality did not deteriorate. Habitat-related differences in trends were most probably caused by climate change because at a European scale, long-distance migrants in forests declined more severely in western Europe, where springs have become considerably warmer, when compared with northern Europe, where temperatures during spring arrival and breeding have increased less. Our results suggest that trophic mismatches may have become a major cause for population declines in long-distance migrants in highly seasonal habitats.

scholarly journals On storiation and what is washed ashore: The Anthropocene as big kahuna

2021 ◽  
pp. 204382062110174
Author(s):  
Elena Burgos Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Critical Perspective

This commentary begins by outlining current debates on the notion of the Anthropocene from a critical perspective. Subsequently, it will discuss how Pugh and Chandler (2021) directly address such a problematic and how their work contributes to pluralising contemporary academic debates on the Anthropocene. Their previous academic engagements are no stranger to questions of epistemic discrimination in the broad fields of geography, geopolitics, island studies, and social research, and, more concretely, mainstreamed anthropological thinking. This commentary will therefore focus on their call for storiation and its relevance for contemporary debates seeking more ethical, localised, fluid, and coherent approaches to environmental degradation, environmental history, island identity, geopolitics of climate change, and indigeneity. From all the shapes storiation can take, this commentary focuses on indigenous storiation as embodiment.

scholarly journals K → μ+μ− as a clean probe of short-distance physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avital Dery ◽  
Mitrajyoti Ghosh ◽  
Yuval Grossman ◽  
Stefan Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Element ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Final States ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Fundamental Theory ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ckm Matrix ◽  
The Standard Model

Abstract The K → μ+μ− decay is often considered to be uninformative of fundamental theory parameters since the decay is polluted by long-distance hadronic effects. We demonstrate that, using very mild assumptions and utilizing time-dependent interference effects, ℬ(KS → μ+μ−)ℓ=0 can be experimentally determined without the need to separate the ℓ = 0 and ℓ = 1 final states. This quantity is very clean theoretically and can be used to test the Standard Model. In particular, it can be used to extract the CKM matrix element combination $$ \mid {V}_{ts}{V}_{td}\sin \left(\beta +{\beta}_s\right)\mid \approx \mid {A}^2{\lambda}^5\overline{\eta}\mid $$ ∣ V ts V td sin β + β s ∣ ≈ ∣ A 2 λ 5 η ¯ ∣ with hadronic uncertainties below 1%.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on the Sugar Content of Grapes and the Sustainability of their Production in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Miroslava Navrátilová ◽  
Markéta Beranová ◽  
Lucie Severová ◽  
Karel Šrédl ◽  
Roman Svoboda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growing Region

The aim of the presented article is to evaluate the impact of climate change on the sugar content of grapes in the Czech Republic during the period 2000–2019 through selected indicators on the basis of available secondary sources. Attention is focused on the developments in both the main wine-growing regions of Moravia and Bohemia. In the field of viticulture and wine-growing, the sugar content of grapes, as a basic parameter for the classification of wines, plays an important role. In the Czech Republic, the average sugar content of grapes has had a constantly growing trend. This trend is evident both in the wine-growing region of Bohemia and in the wine-growing region of Moravia. The impact of climate change, especially the gradual increase of average temperatures in the growing season, cannot be overlooked. It greatly affects, among other things, the sugar content of grapes. Calculations according to the Huglin Index and the Winkler Index were used to determine the relationship between climate and sugar content. These indexes summarize the course of temperatures during the entire vegetation period into a single numerical value. The results show that both indexes describe the effect of air temperature on sugar content in both wine regions of the Czech Republic in a statistically significant way. The Huglin Index shows a higher correlation rate. The Winkler Index proved to be less suitable for both areas. Alternatively, the Winkler Index calculated for a shorter growing season was tested, which showed a higher degree of correlation with sugar content, approaching the significance of the Huglin Index.

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