scholarly journals II. Numerical elements of Indian meteorology.—Series I

1863 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 567-568
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July

In this paper the author communicates Plates in which the iso-thermal lines are represented between the latitudes of 5°N. and 36°W., and longitudes of 78°E. and 98°E. of Greenwich. 1st, of the mean temperature of the year; 2nd, of the cool season, viz. December, January, and February; 3rd, of the hot season, viz. March, April, and May; 4th, of the rainy season, viz. June, July, and August; 5th, of the autumn, viz. September, October, and November.

scholarly journals Understanding the Climate Behavior Through Data Interpretation: Java-Bali-Nusa Tenggara Case

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Amartya Natayu ◽  
Fatima Kamila ◽  
Ida Dananjaya ◽  
Rhainna Reflin ◽  
Muhamad Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Large Water ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation

As an archipelago country in the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate and often is subjected to monsoonal circulation. The geographical location affects Indonesia to have two seasons, which are the rainy season and drier season. Every season has its characteristic impacts against the mean temperature and rainfall rate. This research aims to analyze Indonesia’s mean temperature and rainfall rate data concerning its tropical climate. The areas observed are limited to Java, Bali, and Nusa Tenggara Island from January 2019 to December 2020. The data gathered from the official Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) website were processed using MATLAB, and Spearman’s correlation was applied to analyze the rainfall and temperature data. From the observation, this study discovered that the mean temperature data is stable throughout the areas but reaches maximum during the transition between rainy and drier seasons and minimum during the middle of the rainy season. The data observation is often fluctuated, even though showing less rain during the drier season and more during rainy seasons. The fluctuation is affected by the geographical fact that Indonesia has a large water surface, which makes evaporation easily induced by warm tropical temperatures.

Incubation Temperature Influences the Duration of Egg Hatching and Early Development in the Boreal Digging Frog, Kaloula Borealis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. ACCEPTED
Author(s):  
Rho-Jeong Rae
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Early Life Stages ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hatching Rates

This study investigated the boreal digging frog, Kaloula borealis, to determine the egg hatching period and whether the hatching period is affected by incubation temperature. The results of this study showed that all the eggs hatched within 48 h after spawning, with 28.1% (±10.8, n=52) hatching within 24 h and 99.9% (±0.23, n=49) within 48 h after spawning. A significant difference was noted in the mean hatching proportion of tadpoles at different water temperatures. The mean hatching rates between 15 and 24 h after spawning was higher at a water temperature of 21.1 (±0.2) °C than at 24.1 (±0.2) °C. These results suggest that incubation temperature affected the early life stages of the boreal digging frog, since they spawn in ponds or puddles that form during the rainy season.

scholarly journals Heterobeltiosis in French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Kanwar Priyanaka ◽  
Y. C. Gupta ◽  
S. R. Dhiman ◽  
R. K. Dogra ◽  
Sharma Madhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Better Than

<p>The studies on heterosis were carried with four male sterile lines namely; ms<sub>7</sub>, ms<sub>8</sub>, ms<sub>9,</sub> ms<sub>10</sub> and 18 diverse pollinators as tester by using line × tester crossing programme. The 72 F<sub>1</sub> hybrids were produced and evaluated along with 22 parental lines during summer 2009 and rainy season 2009 in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded on nine quantitative traits during both the seasons. Highly significant variances for all the traits indicated the sufficient variability in the parental material for all the characters under study. The performance of F<sub>1</sub> hybrids was much better than the mean performance of parents during both the crop seasons. Appreciable heterosis was observed in all the characters, except flower weight in summer and plant height in rainy season.</p>

scholarly journals First Benedicks Effect in Gas-Free Mercury, as Influenced by the Mean Temperature

Nature ◽  
1940 ◽  
Vol 145 (3665) ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
C. BENEDICKS ◽  
P. SEDERHOLM
Keyword(s):  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean

Mean Temperature Difference Charts for Air Coolers

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pignotti ◽  
G. O. Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Air Cooler ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Water Ratio

Computer generated graphs are presented for the mean temperature difference in typical air cooler configurations, covering the combinations of numbers of passes and rows per pass of industrial interest. Two sets of independent variables are included in the graphs: the conventional one (heat capacity water ratio and cold fluid effectiveness), and the one required in an optimization technique of widespread use (hot fluid effectiveness and the number of heat transfer units). Flow arrangements with side-by-side and over-and-under passes, frequently found in actual practice, are discussed through examples.

THE TEMPERATURES OF SURFACE FIRES IN JACK PINE BARREN: I. THE VARIATION IN TEMPERATURE WITH TIME

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Smith ◽  
John H. Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maximum Temperatures

The temperatures of 18 fires in an open jack pine barren near Timmins, Ontario, have been recorded. The maximum temperature recorded was 545 °C, although in other determinations fire temperatures in excess of 1000 °C were reached. The mean temperature of all fires was 340.6 ± 133.2 °C. Three fires at 230, 345, and 545 °C were considered in detail.The maximum temperature of a fire was normally recorded at heights of 5 cm or 10 cm above the surface. Maximum temperatures of hotter fires usually occurred at greater heights than cooler ones. Duration and the temperature ("intensity") of the fire are important aspects of fire studies.

Implicit LES for Shaped-Hole Film Cooling Flow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd A. Oliver ◽  
Joshua B. Anderson ◽  
David G. Bogard ◽  
Robert D. Moser ◽  
Gregory Laskowski
Keyword(s):  
Film Cooling ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Vortex Pair ◽  
Cooling Flow ◽  
Blowing Ratio ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Cooling Hole ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adiabatic Effectiveness

Results of a recent joint experimental and computational investigation of the flow through a plenum-fed 7-7-7 shaped film cooling hole are presented. In particular, we compare the measured adiabatic effectiveness and mean temperature against implicit large eddy simulation (iLES) for blowing ratio approximately 2, density ratio 1.6, and Reynolds number 6000. The results overall show reasonable agreement between the iLES and the experimental results for the adiabatic effectiveness and gross features of the mean temperature field. Notable discrepancies include the centerline adiabatic effectiveness near the hole, where the iLES under-predicts the measurements by Δη ≈ 0.05, and the near-wall temperature, where the simulation results show features not present in the measurements. After showing this comparison, the iLES results are used to examine features that were not measured in the experiments, including the in-hole flow and the dominant fluxes in the mean internal energy equation downstream of the hole. Key findings include that the flow near the entrance to the hole is highly turbulent and that there is a large region of backflow near the exit of the hole. Further, the well-known counter-rotating vortex pair downstream of the hole is observed. Finally, the typical gradient diffusion hypothesis for the Reynolds heat flux is evaluated and found to be incorrect.

Stable Isotopes Analysis of Precipitation in Subtropical Plateau of Yunnan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Line ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To elucidate the relationship between stable isotopes of precipitation (SIP) and the extreme drought in Kunming area, based on the stable isotopes data of the GNIP in Kunming site from 1986 to 2003, the precipitation line equation is brought forward and the seasonal change rule of stable isotopes are discussed. The stable isotopic compositions of precipitation exhibit great diversities in different seasons during to influences of multiple factors, such as monsoon, rainfall amount moisture source and others. The δ18O values in rainwater exhibit significant seasonal variations, the average of-10.12‰ in rainy season, the dry season is-4.5‰, having lower values in the rainy season and higher one in the dry season. The amount effect of precipitation is very distinct, that concealed the temperature effect. Got the special geographical position,dvalues present unique characteristics, the average ofdvalues is 10.78‰ in rainy season, and is 4.86‰ in dry season, the mean value is generally lower than most parts of the world.

scholarly journals VI.—The Body-Temperature of Fishes and other Marine Animals.

1908 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
First Year ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

SUMMARYThe body-temperature of the following fishes, crustaceans, and echinoderms has been examined and compared with the temperature of the water in which they live:—Cod-fish (Gadus morrhua), ling (Molva vulgaris), torsk (Brosmius brosme), coal-fish or saithe (Gadus virens), haddock (Gadus œgelfinus), flounder (Pleuronectes flesus), smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), dog-fish (Scyllium catulus), shore crab (Carcinus mœnas), edible crab (Cancer pagurus), lobster (Homarus vulgaris), sea-urchin (Echinus esculentus), and starfish (Asterias rubens). The minimum, maximum, and mean temperature difference for each species are given in the following table:—The excess of temperature is most evident in the larger specimens. This is well shown in the case of the coal-fish, where in the adult it was 0°·7 C., and in the great majority (11 out of 12) of the young of the first year, 0°·0 C. The body-weight and the conditions under which the fish are captured probably form the most important factors in determining the temperature difference.In 14 codfish, where the rectal, blood, and muscle temperatures were recorded in the same individual, it was found to be highest in the muscle and lowest in the rectum, the mean temperature difference being 0°·46 C. for the muscle, 0°·41 C for the blood, and 0°·36 C. for the rectum.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium infection in non-human hosts in Malawi

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Banda ◽  
Rosely A.B. Nichols ◽  
A.M. Grimason ◽  
H.V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts

Of 1 346 faecal samples from the Chikwawa and Thyolo districts of Malawi, analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts between October 2001 and May 2003, 61.3 % were from cattle (29.8 % of these were from calves < 6 months old). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected during all three seasons studied in Chikwawa and Thyolo. In Chikwawa, 13.6 % of adult cattle and 11.7 % of calves were infected, compared to 28.9 % of adult cattle and 36.7 % of calves in Thyolo. Dependent on season, between 7.8 % and 37.7 % (Chikwawa) and 16.7 % and 39.3 % (Thyolo) of cattle samples contained oocysts. In Chikwawa, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the cool season, whereas in Thyolo, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the dry season. Faecal samples from goats [n = 225], pigs [n = 92], sheep [n = 6]), rabbits, guinea pigs, chickens, ducks, turkeys, doves and guinea fowls were also analysed. Up to 5.6 % of goat samples contained oocysts in Chikwawa, compared to between 16.7 % and 39.3 % in Thyolo. Again, in Chikwawa, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the cool season and the lowest in the rainy season, whereas, in Thyolo, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the dry season and the lowest in the cool season. In pigs, more infections were detected in the dry season in Chikwawa, but infections in the cool season were similar (17.7 %), whereas in Thyolo, infections occurred in all three seasons (17.9 % in the rainy season, 25 % in the cool season and 60 % in the dry season). Often diarrhoeic, oocyst positive cattle faecal samples collected from Chikwawa and subjected to PCR-RFLP, four oocyst positive samples (two from heifers, one from a cow and one unknown) were amplified at an 18S rRNA and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) loci. RFLP of the 18S rRNA locus indicated that Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium bovis and / or Cryptosporidium ryanae DNA, or a mixture of them was present. Cryptosporidium parvum DNA was identified in one sample that amplified at the COWP locus, indicating the presence of the major zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in Malawi.

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