Numerical modelling of tide-surge interaction in the Bay of Bengal

1985 ◽  
Vol 313 (1526) ◽  
pp. 507-535 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Gauge Reading ◽  
Orissa Coast ◽  
Inland Flooding

Numerical models are described for the evaluation of the interaction between tide and surge in the Bay of Bengal. The models are used to simulate the combined tidal and surge response on 3 June 1982 along the Orissa coast of India when the landfall of a tropical cyclone led to severe inland flooding. This is one of the few events for which a reliable tide-gauge reading is available and this enables a direct comparison to be made between the model predictions and the observationally determined sea-surface elevation anomaly. The comparison, although only utilizing limited observational data, appears sufficiently good for us to assert that the principal features of the surge response are correctly reproduced. A model simulation is also made of the surge that occurred along the Andhra coast of India during the period 18—20 November 1977 when there was heavy coastal inundation. Although tide-gauge readings are not available for this event, the predicted surge response agrees well with indirect estimates of the maximum sea-surface level and eyewitness accounts of inland flooding. The principal requirement for the operational use of these models is the availability of accurate data on the surface wind field together with a reliable forecast of the track to be followed by the tropical cyclone.

Assessment of energy resources of Polish Baltic Sea areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Maciej Kałas ◽  
Piotr Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Wind Waves ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Wind ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The article presents spatial characteristics of energy fluxes recorded in the area of the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the four-year period of 2013–16. Data presented in this work are based on results of forecast calculations with the application of numerical models of the atmosphere (HIRLAM) and sea (WAM and HIROMB). Conducted analyses were concerned with dynamics of physical phenomena above the sea surface (wind), on its surface (wind waves motion), and in its near-surface layer up to 4 m (seawater flows). Physical energy resources connected with these processes for subsequent four years were computed and compared with the amount of annual electricity output generated by conventional and renewable sources of energy. Such an analysis of estimated energy resources reveals that the resource is highly differentiated in terms of space and in individual years, and significantly exceed the annual production of Polish power plants.

scholarly journals Success Stories of Satellite Radar Altimeter Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Hisham Eldardiry ◽  
Faisal Hossain ◽  
Margaret Srinivasan ◽  
Vardis Tsontos
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Altimeter Data ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Success Stories

AbstractFor nearly three decades, satellite nadir altimeters have provided essential information to understand, primarily ocean, and also, inland water dynamics. A variety of parameters can be inferred via altimeter measurements, including sea surface height, sea surface wind speeds, significant wave heights, and topography of land, sea ice, and ice sheets. Taking advantage of these parameters with the long record of altimeter data spanning multiple decades has allowed a diverse range of societal applications. As the constellation of altimeter satellites grows, the proven value of the missions to a diverse user community can now be demonstrated by highlighting a selection of verifiable success stories. In this paper, we review selected altimeter success stories which incorporate altimetry data, alone or in conjunction with numerical models or other Earth observations, to solve a key societal problem. First, we define the problem or the key challenge of each use case, and then we articulate the uptake of the successful altimeter-based solution. Our review revealed steady progress by scientific and stakeholder communities in bridging the gap between data availability and their actual uptake to address a variety of applications. Highlighting these altimeter-based success stories can serve to further promote the widespread adoption of future satellite missions such as the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission scheduled for launch in 2022. Knowledge of the breadth of current utility of altimeter observations can help the scientific community to demonstrate the value in continuing radar altimeter and similar missions, particularly those with expanded capabilities, such as SWOT.

VHF Radar Observations of Sea Surface in the Northern Taiwan Strait

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-315
Author(s):  
Jenn-Shyong Chen ◽  
Jian-Wu Lai ◽  
Hwa Chien ◽  
Chien-Ya Wang ◽  
Ching-Lun Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radial Velocity ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Taiwan Strait ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Vhf Radar ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Abstract A VHF pulsed radar system was set up on the Taoyuan County seashore (24°57′58″N, 121°00′30″E; Taiwan) to observe the sea surface in the northern Taiwan Strait for the first time. The radar used a four-element, vertically polarized Yagi antenna to transmit the 52-MHz radar wave. The receiving linear array consists of four vertical dipole antennas that were located 3 m apart and attached with four independent and identical receivers. With the multichannel echoes, the direction of arrival (DOA) of the radar echoes were determined by using an optimization beamforming approach—the Capon method. Echo intensity was observed to vary principally in semidiurnal oscillation, which matched well the time series of tide gauge measurements and sea level simulations. In addition, the oscillatory characteristics of Doppler/radial velocity of the VHF radar were generally consistent with that of the HF coastal ocean dynamics applications radar (CODAR) nearby. Nevertheless, the contributions of various tidal modes to the parameters of DOA, echo intensity, radial velocity, and spectral width, varied with the range and time period (e.g., neap or spring tides). For example, the semidiurnal tides governed the variation in the echo center only in the range interval between ~15 and ~25 km from the seashore but dominated other parameters throughout the detectable range. Correlations and phase relationships between these parameters were diverse; they varied with time and had dramatic changes at around the distances of 3 and 10 km. Possible causes of these features were discussed, including sea surface wind, nearshore current, sea level height, and bathymetric effect.

scholarly journals Upper-Ocean Response to the Super Tropical Cyclone Phailin (2013) over the Freshwater Region of the Bay of Bengal

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1201-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Qiu ◽  
Weiqing Han ◽  
Xinyu Lin ◽  
B. Jason West ◽  
Yuanlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Salinity ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Ocean Response ◽  
Upper Ocean Response ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of salinity stratification on the upper-ocean response to a category 5 tropical cyclone, Phailin, that crossed the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 8 to 13 October 2013. A drastic increase of up to 5.0 psu in sea surface salinity (SSS) was observed after Phailin’s passage, whereas a weak drop of below 0.5°C was observed in sea surface temperature (SST). Rightward biases were apparent in surface current and SSS but not evident in SST. Phailin-induced SST variations can be divided into the warming and cooling stages, corresponding to the existence of the thick barrier layer (BL) and temperature inversion before and erosion after Phailin’s passage, respectively. During the warming stage, SST increased due to strong entrainment of warmer water from the BL, which overcame the cooling induced by surface heat fluxes and horizontal advection. During the cooling stage, the entrainment and upwelling dominated the SST decrease. The preexistence of the BL, which reduced entrainment cooling by ~1.09°C day−1, significantly weakened the overall Phailin-induced SST cooling. The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) experiments confirm the crucial roles of entrainment and upwelling in the Phailin-induced dramatic SSS increase and weak SST decrease. Analyses of upper-ocean stratification associated with 16 super TCs that occurred in the BOB during 1980–2015 show that intensifications of 13 TCs were associated with a thick isothermal layer, and 5 out of the 13 were associated with a thick BL. The calculation of TC intensity with and without considering subsurface temperature demonstrates the importance of large upper-ocean heat storage in TC growth.

Observed Warming of Sea Surface Temperature in Response to Tropical Cyclone Thane in the Bay of Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (07) ◽  
pp. 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simi Mathew ◽  
Usha Natesan ◽  
G. Latha ◽  
R. Venkatesan ◽  
Rokkam R. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Sea Surface

scholarly journals Dependence of Tropical Cyclone Intensification Rate on Sea Surface Temperature, Storm Intensity, and Size in the Western North Pacific

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xu ◽  
Yuqing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Outer Core ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Storm Intensity

Abstract This study extends the statistical analysis on the dependence of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification rate (IR) on sea surface temperature (SST), storm initial intensity (maximum sustained surface wind speed Vmax), and storm size, in terms of the radius of maximum wind (RMW), the radius of 34-kt (AR34; 1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) wind, and the outer-core wind skirt parameter DR34 (= AR34 − RMW), for North Atlantic TCs to western North Pacific (WNP) TCs during 1982–2015. Results show that the relationship between the TC maximum potential intensification rate (MPIR) and SST also exists in the WNP. TC IR depends strongly on TC intensity and structure, consistent with the findings for North Atlantic TCs. TC IR is positively (negatively) correlated with storm intensity when Vmax is below (above) 70 kt and negatively correlated with the RMW. Rapid intensification (RI) occurs only in a relatively narrow range of parameter space in storm intensity and both inner- and outer-core sizes, with the highest IR appearing for Vmax = 70 kt, RMW ≦ 40 km, AR34 = 150 km, and DR34 = 100 km. The highest frequency of occurrence of intensifying TCs occurs for Vmax ~ 40–60 kt, RMW ~ 20–60 km, AR34 = 200 km, and DR34 = 120 km. Overall, these values are very similar to those for TCs in the North Atlantic. These results suggest the need for the realistic initialization of TC structure in numerical models and the inclusion of size parameters in statistical TC intensity prediction schemes.

scholarly journals Meteorological impacts of sea-surface temperature associated with the humid airflow from Tropical Cyclone Talas (2011)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 841-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Sst Anomaly

Abstract. This paper examines meteorological impacts of sea-surface temperature (SST) in the presence of the humid airflow from Tropical Cyclone Talas (2011). To investigate the influence of the SST on the severe weather in and around Japan, sensitivity simulations were conducted using six SST data products covering a period of 7 days. The upward sea-surface latent heat flux that accumulated over the 7-day period was high around the Kuroshio during the slow passage of the tropical cyclone. Large differences were found among the individual SST products around the southern coast of Japan. The coastal warm SST anomaly of ~ 1.5 °C enhanced the surface upward latent heat fluxes (by 60 to 80%), surface southeasterly winds (by 6 to 8%), and surface water mixing ratios (by 4%) over the coastal sea area. The enhanced latent heat flux resulting from the coastal SST anomaly contributed to the further enhancement of the latent heat flux itself via a positive feedback with the amplified surface horizontal wind. The SST anomalies produced an anomaly in 7-day precipitation (ca. 40 mm) along the mountainsides and over a coastal area where the surface wind anomaly was locally large. Thus, coastal SST error is important in the atmospheric simulation of accumulated evaporation and precipitation associated with tropical cyclones making landfall.

scholarly journals Numerical models sea surface wind compared to scatterometer observations for a single Bora event in the Adriatic Sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. De Biasio ◽  
M. M. Miglietta ◽  
S. Zecchetto ◽  
A. della Valle
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Global Circulation Model ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Sea Surface Wind

Abstract. We compare the sea surface wind fields forecasted by a Global Circulation Model (GCM) and three Limited Area Models (LAMs) in an operational-like set-up, with the wind remotely sensed by the NASA QuikSCAT scatterometer. The comparison is performed for a single case of Bora wind in the Adriatic Sea, with the purpose to understand the ability of the model forecasts in reproducing the mesoscale features captured by the scatterometer, and to investigate on the suitability of LAM and GCM forecasts as possible forcing in storm surge models (SSMs). The performance is evaluated by means of statistical parameters regarding wind speed and direction showing that, at least in terms of classical statistical parameters, the GCM offer the most advantageous choice in terms of cost/benefit.

Ocean Response to Tropical Cyclone Seroja at East Nusa Tenggara Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 925 (1) ◽  
pp. 012045
Author(s):  
Avrionesti ◽  
Faruq Khadami ◽  
Dayu W Purnaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Mixed Layer Depth ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Sea Surface Wind ◽  
Sst Cooling ◽  
Sea Surface Height Anomaly

Abstract Tropical Cyclone (TC) Seroja is a unique tropical cyclone that has significant impacts along its path, such as floods in East Nusa Tenggara and high waves along the southern coast of Indonesia. Research related to ocean responses to tropical cyclones in Indonesia is still limited due to its rarely occurence in Indonesian waters. The responses of the upper ocean to TC Seroja were investigated using multi-satellite remote sensing of sea surface wind (SSW), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height anomaly (SSHA), and numerical model of mixed layer depth (MLD) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The SST cooling occurred around the TC Seroja track at 0.5 – 3°C after the storm had passed. During April 3 – 7, 2021, in addition to spatial SST cooling, changes in chlorophyll-a, SSHA, and MLD were also detected. The chlorophyll-a increase to 2.57 mg/m3 and SSHA reached -10 cm. Thus, the MLD was deeper around the eye of the storm during the cyclone and became uniform after the storm passed. These characteristics indicate the upwelling phenomenon induced by the cyclone.

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