Potential for a hazardous geospheric response to projected future climate changes

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1919) ◽  
pp. 2317-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Contemporary Climate ◽  
Climate Change Modelling

Periods of exceptional climate change in Earth history are associated with a dynamic response from the geosphere, involving enhanced levels of potentially hazardous geological and geomorphological activity. The response is expressed through the adjustment, modulation or triggering of a broad range of surface and crustal phenomena, including volcanic and seismic activity, submarine and subaerial landslides, tsunamis and landslide ‘splash’ waves, glacial outburst and rock-dam failure floods, debris flows and gas-hydrate destabilization. In relation to anthropogenic climate change, modelling studies and projection of current trends point towards increased risk in relation to a spectrum of geological and geomorphological hazards in a warmer world, while observations suggest that the ongoing rise in global average temperatures may already be eliciting a hazardous response from the geosphere. Here, the potential influences of anthropogenic warming are reviewed in relation to an array of geological and geomorphological hazards across a range of environmental settings. A programme of focused research is advocated in order to: (i) understand better those mechanisms by which contemporary climate change may drive hazardous geological and geomorphological activity; (ii) delineate those parts of the world that are most susceptible; and (iii) provide a more robust appreciation of potential impacts for society and infrastructure.

scholarly journals Comparing climate change indices between a northern (arid) and a southern (humid) basin in Mexico during the last decades

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín José Montero-Martínez ◽  
Julio Sergio Santana-Sepúlveda ◽  
Naydú Isabel Pérez-Ortiz ◽  
Óscar Pita-Díaz ◽  
Salvador Castillo-Liñan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
Humid Area ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract. It is a matter of current study to determine potential climate changes in different parts of the world, especially in regions like a basin which has the potential to affect socioeconomic and environmental issues in a defined area. This study provides a comparison between several climate change indices trends of two very different basins in Mexico, one located in the northern arid region (the Conchos River basin) and the other in the southern humid area (the Usumacinta River basin). First, quality control, homogenization, and completion of the missing data were applied before calculating the climate change indices and their respective trends for the combined period 1961–1994. A clear warming signal was found for the two basins in addition to an increment in the DTR, in agreement with other studies in Mexico. Also, the Conchos River basin was found to be more humid and the Usumacinta River basin drier, in accordance to a supposed seesaw behavior indicated in previous analysis.

scholarly journals Effects of climate changes on phenological periods of apple, cherry and wheat in TurkeyTürkiye’de iklim değişikliğinin elma, kiraz ve buğdayın fenolojik dönemlerine etkileri

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necla Türkoğlu ◽  
Serhat Şensoy ◽  
Olgu Aydın
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Relationships

It is known that the increase in air temperature from 1980 to present has dramatically changed the phenological periods of the plants in a large part of the world. In this study, the relationships between phenological periods of wheat plant, apple and cherry trees planted large areas in Turkey and climate change were investigated. In this study, the climate and phenological data for 1971-2012 period belonging to the General Directorate of Meteorology were used. The correlation coefficients between temperature and phenological data were calculated, and their trends were examined using Mann-Kendall trend analysis. In Turkey, positive temperature anomalies have been observed since 1994 until present days. Negative relationships were found between phenological periods of apple, cherry and wheat and the average temperatures of February-May period when the plants grow faster. This situation shows that the plants shift their phenological periods to the earlier times in response to the increasing temperatures. The trend calculated for harvest times of apple, cherry, and wheat are -25, -22, -40 days/100 years respectively. It was calculated that an increase of 1.0ºC in the temperatures of the February-May period will shift the harvest times of apple, cheery and wheat by 5, 4 and 8 days earlier respectively. Özet1980’lerden günümüze hava sıcaklıklarındaki artış, Dünya’nın büyük bir bölümünde bitkilerin fenolojik dönemlerini önemli ölçüde değiştirmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de geniş alanlar kaplayan buğday, elma ve kiraz bitkilerinin fenolojik dönemleri ile iklim değişikliği arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’ne ait 1971-2012 döneminin iklim ve fenolojik verileri kullanılmıştır. Sıcaklık ile fenolojik veriler arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanmış ve Mann- Kendall trend analizi ile eğilimlerine bakılmıştır. Türkiye’de 1994 yılından bu yana pozitif sıcaklık anomalileri bulunmuştur. Elma, kiraz ve buğdayın fenolojik dönemleri ile bitki gelişiminin fazla olduğu şubat-mayıs ortalama sıcaklıkları arasında negatif ilişki saptanmıştır. Bu durum bitkilerin artan sıcaklıklara tepki olarak fenolojik dönemlerini erkene kaydırdıklarını göstermektedir. Elma, kiraz ve buğdayın hasat tarihleri için hesaplanan trend sırasıyla-25, -22, -40 gün/100 yıl şeklindedir. Şubat-mayıs arası sıcaklıklarda 1.0°C’lik artışın anılan bitkilerin hasat tarihlerini sırasıyla 5, 4 ve 8 gün erkene kaydıracağı hesaplanmıştır.

scholarly journals Organizing the Challenges Faced by Municipalities while Formulating Climate Change Adaptation Plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asako Iwami ◽  
Takanori Matsui ◽  
Michinori Kimura ◽  
Kenshi Baba ◽  
Mitsuru Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Information Platform ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
The World ◽  
Municipal Level ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

As the effects of climate change increase in severity, organizations across the world are attempting to measures to mitigate these effects. In accordance with the Paris Agreement of November 2015, wherein participating nations agreed to restrict the increase in global temperature below 2 °C, Japan has formulated guidelines on creating adaptation plans that can be implemented by local governments. A Climate Change Adaptive Information Platform was also launched to promote understanding and cooperation by sharing information on climate risks. However, the literature on this topic lacks information related to the organization of requirements and challenges faced by municipal administrative officials that formulate adaptation plans. To address these issues, we examined the four municipal forums hosted at Hosei University to encourage administrative needs for new technological ideas in areas such as climate modeling and impact assessment. We used text mining on the transcripts of the various workshops conducted in these forums and attempted to understand the changes in discussions and to extract issues related to the formulation process. The results showed that various topics, such as creating adaptation promotion systems, assessing the impacts of climate change, formulating adaptation plans, communicating with related organizations and stakeholders, developing human resources, and capacity building, were discussed, and a need for information, procedures, and assistance was identified for the formulation of feasible adaptation plans. This study is expected to provide a useful reference to stakeholders involved in framing adaptation plans to mitigate the effects of climate changes, particularly at the municipal level.

Addressing Financial Risks and Uncertainties Through Financial Literacy Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 437-456
Author(s):  
Danielle McKain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Financial Instability ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The world is full of financial risks and uncertainties even for those who have financial literacy. There are many factors to consider when planning financially: the stock market, hyperinflation, and climate change all play roles and are unpredictable. This chapter will focus on the actions that are being taken to establish financial literacy across the world and the impact these actions have on individual financial stability. Although financial literacy certainly cannot eliminate the risks and uncertainties that accompany unforeseen events, it is one way to prepare for these events. Even in times of normalcy, lack of financial literacy can put individuals at an increased risk of financial instability. This chapter presents a variety of recommendations and resources for financial literacy education as well as the risks and uncertainties that accompany their use.

Permafrost vulnerability to contemporary climate changes in Eastern Chukotka coastal plains (NE Russia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Maslakov ◽  
Nina Komova ◽  
Evgeny Egorov ◽  
Polina Mikhaylyukova ◽  
Mikhail Grishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Sites ◽  
Contemporary Climate ◽  
Ne Russia

<p>Recent permafrost degradation is detected in many cold regions of the world. This process is due to surface lowering caused by ice-rich sediments thaw and massive ice beds melt. Eastern Chukotka coastal plains polygon is one of the key sites for studying climate change's impact on permafrost conditions and human activity. This region is the habitat of indigenous people, concentrated in the coastal villages. The study site is approximately 400 km<sup>2</sup> in area and characterized by a variety of landscape, geomorphological, and permafrost conditions. Using remote sensing data, field observations, and shallow drilling results, we ranked and delineated the areas on their susceptibility to thermokarst, thermal erosion, and solifluction activation due to the further air temperature increasing and potential human disturbances. Spatial analysis on current thaw settlement rates combined with drilling data allowed us to map the areas with a high concentration of surficial massive ice beds. These studies provide a better understanding of permafrost conditions in Eastern Chukotka and its response to human impact and climate change.</p>

Addressing Financial Risks and Uncertainties Through Financial Literacy Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-218
Author(s):  
Danielle McKain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Financial Instability ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The world is full of financial risks and uncertainties even for those who have financial literacy. There are many factors to consider when planning financially: the stock market, hyperinflation, and climate change all play roles and are unpredictable. This chapter will focus on the actions that are being taken to establish financial literacy across the world and the impact these actions have on individual financial stability. Although financial literacy certainly cannot eliminate the risks and uncertainties that accompany unforeseen events, it is one way to prepare for these events. Even in times of normalcy, lack of financial literacy can put individuals at an increased risk of financial instability. This chapter presents a variety of recommendations and resources for financial literacy education as well as the risks and uncertainties that accompany their use.

scholarly journals Describing the possible climate changes in France and some examples of their effects on main crops used in livestock systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruget ◽  
J.-C. Moreau ◽  
M. Ferrand ◽  
S. Poisson ◽  
P. Gate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Livestock Systems ◽  
Climatic Features

Abstract. The effects of climate change on forage and crop production are an important question for the farmers and more largely for the food security in the world. Estimating the effect of climate change on agricultural production needs the use of two types of tools: a model to estimate changes in national or local climates and an other model using climatic data to estimate the effects on vegetation. In this paper, we will mainly present the effects of climate change on climatic features, the variability of criteria influencing crop production in various regions of France and some possible effects on crops.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relation Between Climate Changes and Security Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Nikolay Iliyanov Padrev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Vocabulary ◽  
New Phase

Abstract Security is often used in most meaningful concepts of contemporary political vocabulary. Furthermore, it concerns interesting aspects of the survival of nations and states in the world. In the first decade of the 21st century, mankind got into a qualitatively new phase of its development, in which it should invariably use the "uncertainty" area. There are no doubts about the facts that environmental pollution can cause a variety of ecologically based diseases and this in turn leads to reduction in the average life expectancy. This paper analyzes the relations between climate changes today and their impact on the security area. Problems that have arisen worldwide and in the Republic of Bulgaria because of the climate change are pointed out. The paper discuses directions for improving the security environment in the context of climate changes

Energy Poverty and Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Giannini Pereira ◽  
Neilton Fidelis da Silva ◽  
Marcos A.V. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Basic Services

Energy is essential to human survival. Supplying energy to all citizens is a requirement for social well-being and for a country’s economic development. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the differences in the availability of electricity around the world, mainly in Brazil, China, India, and South Africa, from a perspective of access as a human right. In this context, the concept of energy poverty and its nexus to climate changes will be discussed, considering the human dimension and equity. Moreover, this chapter presents metrics and new metrics (energy/climate changes), emphasizing the need to promote a program focused on access to electric power and to expand other basic services in developing countries.

scholarly journals The Analysis of the International Climate Change on Environmental Justice

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Wu Xueqin ◽  
Chengping .
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Limits To Growth ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The World ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Club Of Rome

Since the Club of Rome published "Limits to Growth" in 1972, the environmental problems have caused the attention of people around the world and become a global issue. The international community has also organized special meetings to promote the study of environmental issues. One of the most important meetings is the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, held every year since 1972. The most important issue is on how to deal with climate change, which has become an international mainstream issue. From the perspective of the environmental justice, the following is a brief analysis of the negotiations on international climate changes, based on the opportunities of the 2009 Copenhagen Summit, the 2010 Cancun Summit and the 2011 South Africa Bender Climate Summit.

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