scholarly journals The benefits of convergence

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2062) ◽  
pp. 20140442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gee-Kung Chang ◽  
Lin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Cell Coverage ◽  
Radio Access

A multi-tier radio access network (RAN) combining the strength of fibre-optic and radio access technologies employing adaptive microwave photonics interfaces and radio-over-fibre (RoF) techniques is envisioned for future heterogeneous wireless communications. All-band radio spectrum from 0.1 to 100 GHz will be used to deliver wireless services with high capacity, high link speed and low latency. The multi-tier RAN will improve the cell-edge performance in an integrated heterogeneous environment enabled by fibre–wireless integration and networking for mobile fronthaul/backhaul, resource sharing and all-layer centralization of multiple standards with different frequency bands and modulation formats. In essence, this is a ‘no-more-cells’ architecture in which carrier aggregation among multiple frequency bands can be easily achieved with seamless handover between cells. In this way, current and future mobile network standards such as 4G and 5G can coexist with optimized and continuous cell coverage using multi-tier RoF regardless of the underlying network topology or protocol. In terms of users’ experience, the future-proof approach achieves the goals of system capacity, link speed, latency and continuous heterogeneous cell coverage while overcoming the bandwidth crunch in next-generation communication networks.

scholarly journals An Analytical Model for 5G Network Resource Sharing with Flexible SLA-Oriented Slice Isolation

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Natalia Yarkina ◽  
Yuliya Gaidamaka ◽  
Luis M. Correia ◽  
Konstantin Samouylov
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Radio Spectrum ◽  
Arrival Process ◽  
Convex Programming Problem ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Efficient Resource

Network slicing is a novel key technology in 5G networks which permits to provide a multitude of heterogeneous communication services over a common network infrastructure while satisfying strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Since radio spectrum resources are inherently scarce, the slicing of the radio access network should rely on a flexible resource sharing policy that provides efficient resource usage, fairness and slice isolation. In this article, we propose such a policy for bandwidth-greedy communication services. The policy implies a convex programming problem and is formalized to allow for session-level stochastic modeling. We developed a multi-class service system with service rates obtained as a solution to the optimization problem, a Markovian Arrival Process and state-dependent preemptive priorities. We use matrix-analytic methods to find the steady state distribution of the resulting continuous-time Markov chain and the expressions for important performance metrics, such as data rates. Numerical analysis illustrates the efficiency of the proposed slicing scheme compared to the complete sharing and complete partitioning policies, showing that our approach leads to a data rate about the double of that obtained under complete partitioning for the analyzed scenario.

HWN* Framework Towards 4G Mobile Communication Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 100-124
Author(s):  
Chong Shen ◽  
Dirk Pesch ◽  
Robert Atkinson ◽  
Wencai Du
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Spatial Reuse ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Hybrid Wireless Network

The objective of the Hybrid Wireless Network with dedicated Relay Nodes (HWN*) proposal is to interface the Base Station (BS) Oriented Mobile Network (BSON) and the 802.11X assisted Mobile Ad hoc Wireless Network (MANET) so that one system can be utilised as an alternative radio access network for data transmissions, while the incorporation of the Relay Node (RN) is to extend the communication coverage, optimise medium resource sharing, increase spatial reuse opportunity, stabilise MANET link and create more micro-cells. The HWN* keeps the existing cellular infrastructure and a end-user Mobile Terminal (MT) can borrow radio resources from other cells through secured multi-hop RN relaying, where RNs are placed at pre-engineered locations. The main contribution of this work is the development of a HWN* system framework and related medium access and routing protocols/algorithms. The framework dedicatedly addresses the transparent multiple interface traffic handover management, cross layer routing, RN positioning and network topology issues to increase communication system capacity, improve Quality of Service (QoS), optimise transmission delay and reduce packet delivery delay.

scholarly journals Latency-Aware Offloading in Integrated Satellite Terrestrial Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiem Abderrahim ◽  
Osama Amin ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini ◽  
Basem Shihada
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
High Load ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
High Data ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Terrestrial Networks

Next-generation communication networks are expected to integrate newly-used technologies in a smart way to ensure continuous connectivity in rural areas and to alleviate the traffic load in dense regions. The prospective access network in 6G should hinge on satellite systems to take advantage of their wide coverage and high capacity. However, adopting satellites in 6G could be hindered because of the {additional latency introduced}, which is not tolerable by all traffic types. Therefore, we propose a traffic offloading scheme that integrates both the satellite and terrestrial networks to smartly allocate the traffic between them while satisfying different traffic requirements. Specifically, the proposed scheme offloads the Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) traffic to the terrestrial backhaul to satisfy its stringent latency requirement. However, it offloads the enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) traffic to the satellite since eMBB needs high data rates but is not always sensitive to delay. Our scheme is shown to reduce the transmission delay of URLLC packets, decrease the number of dropped eMBB packets, and hence improve the network's availability. Our findings highlight that the inter-working between satellite and terrestrial networks is crucial to mitigate the expected high load on the limited terrestrial capacity.<br>

scholarly journals Multilevel Service-Provisioning-Based Autonomous Vehicle Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashael Khayyat ◽  
Abdullah Alshahrani ◽  
Soltan Alharbi ◽  
Ibrahim Elgendy ◽  
Alexander Paramonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Vehicle Networks

With the recent advances and development of autonomous control systems of cars, the design and development of reliable infrastructure and communication networks become a necessity. The recent release of the fifth-generation cellular system (5G) promises to provide a step towards reliability or a panacea. However, designing autonomous vehicle networks has more requirements due to the high mobility and traffic density of such networks and the latency and reliability requirements of applications run over such networks. To this end, we proposed a multilevel cloud system for autonomous vehicles which was built over the Tactile Internet. In addition, base stations at the edge of the radio-access network (RAN) with different technologies of antennas are used in our system. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed system with multilevel clouding can significantly reduce the round-trip latency and the network congestion. In addition, our system can be adapted in the mobility scenario.

scholarly journals Long Reach and High Capacity Hybrid Passive Optical Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Subhashini N ◽  
Brintha Therese A
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Access Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
High Data ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Wdm Pon

<p>A number of applications are growing day by day and so the traffic. The need for bandwidth is also increasing at a rapid rate. The bandwidth and speed with which data can be transferred was very less when compared to core networks. The access network which was once a bottleneck is no longer so because of use of optic fiber (FTTH networks). A number of variants of Passive Optical Network (PON) have been proposed like the WDM PON and the Hybrid PON. Hybrid PON is a combination of TDM PON and WDM PON and is advantageous over WDMPON. This paper focuses on high capacity networks that can provide high data rate and long reach in the access part of the network. NRZ modulation format is normally used for transmission.  We consider the advantages provided by the advanced modulation formats like DPSK. This modulation format is used to here and its benefits are evaluated in Hybrid PON network to increase the capacity and the reach of the network. Parameters like the BER and the Q factors are analysed using Optisystem Software. Distortion and the phenomena of dispersion can limit the performance of such a system. Hence Dispersion compensation mechanisms like the Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) are used in the system to transmit data over large distance.</p>

scholarly journals Radio Access Evaluation of Commercial 5G Service

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2746
Author(s):  
José Antonio Martínez ◽  
José Ignacio Moreno ◽  
Diego Rivera ◽  
Julio Berrocal
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Actual Use

Wireless communication networks are enhancing faster than anyone could imagine. As everybody knows, 5G is the future and the study of it is very valuable nowadays. In this context, this paper provides a characterization of the deployment of a 5G access network by an operator in Spain, identifying its capacity and the actual use to which it is being subjected today. For this, sizing methods and tools will be used to qualify the capacity of the cells currently displayed, determining a better performance than we might initially think. This paper proposes a theoretical model which identifies relevant parameters for cell dimensioning, and determining that an expansion of cell’s capacity will be necessary at a 70% of load. Subsequently, this model is evaluated, analyzing real data via a vendor, showing a high performance, but discovering that some methods used in the current deployment, such as DSS, are, perhaps, not as expected. In addition, when comparing the 5G yield 4G, the power and potential future of the former is apparent.

scholarly journals Why do we need 6G?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bassoli ◽  
Frank H.P. Fitzek ◽  
Emilio Calvanese Strinati
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
Software Upgrades ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Generation

The study and design of 5G seems to have reached its end and 5G communication systems are currently under deployment. In parallel, 5G standardization is as Release 16, which is going to complete the definition and the design guidelines of the 5G radio access network. Because of that, the interest of the scientific and industrial communities has already started focusing on the future 6G communication networks. The preliminary definition of future technology trends towards 2030, given by major standardization bodies, and the flagship 6G projects worldwide have started proposing various visions about what 6G will be. Side by side, various scientific articles, addressing the initial characterisation of 6G, have also been published. However, considering the promises of 5G, can 6G represent a significant technological advancement to justify a so-called new generation? In fact, now, 5G softwarized networks may just imply continuous network software upgrades (as it happens for the Internet) instead of new generations every ten years. This article starts describing the main characteristics that made 5G a breakthrough in telecommunications, also briefly introducing the network virtualisation and computing paradigms that have reformed telecommunications. Next, by providing rigorous definition of the terminology and a survey of the principal 6G visions proposed, the paper tries to establish important motivations and characteristics that can really justify the need for and the novelty of future 6G communication networks.

Performance Evaluation of Ethernet Network for Mobile Fronthual Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit Hadush Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Link Length ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Ethernet Network

<p>Increasing mobile data traffic due to the rise of both smartphones and tablets has led to high-capacity demand of mobile data network. To meet the ever-growing capacity demand and reduce the cost of mobile network components, Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) has emerged as a promising solution. In such network, the mobile operator’s Remote Radio Head (RRH) and Base Band Unit (BBU) are often separated and the connection between them has very tight timing and latency requirements imposed by Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) and 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). This fronthaul connection is not yet provided by packet based network. To employ packet-based network for C-RAN fronthaul, the carried fronthaul traffic are needed to achieve the requirements of fronthaul streams. For this reason, the aim of this paper is focused on investigating and evaluating the feasibility of Ethernet networks for mobile fronthaul. The fronthaul requirements used to evaluate and investigate this network are maximum End to End (E2E) latency, Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) and Packet Delay Variation (PDV). The simulated results and numerical analysis confirm that the PDV and PLR of High Priority (HP) traffic in Ethernet network meet the requirements of mobile fronthaul using CPRI. However, the PDV of HP traffic meets the fronthaul network when the number of nodes in the Ethernet network is at most four. For Ethernet network, the number of nodes in the network limits the maximum separation distance between BBU and RRH (link length); for increasing the number of nodes, the link length decreases. Consequently, Radio over Ethernet (RoE) traffic should receive the priority and Quality of Service (QoS) HP can provide. On the other hand, Low Priority (LP) classes are not sensitive to QoS metrics and should be used for transporting time insensitive applications and services.</p>

scholarly journals LMR and LTE for Public Safety in 700 MHz Spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Aizaz U. Chaudhry ◽  
Roshdy H. M. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Mission Critical ◽  
Public Safety Networks

This paper presents a concise overview of current public safety communication networks known as LMR (Land Mobile Radio) and emerging LTE- (Long-Term Evolution-) based broadband public safety networks to be deployed in the 700 MHz band. A broadband nationwide network for public safety based on LTE is inevitable where shared or dedicated types of LTE-based public safety networks are possible. Current LTE services do not meet mission-critical requirements and several enhancements have been defined by 3GPP to address this in Releases 12 and 13. First responders are familiar with LMR and consider it to be a reliable technology with massive deployment everywhere. Therefore, it is expected that LMR will continue to exist alongside any new LTE-based broadband public safety network. Recent LTE releases (particularly Release 15) addressed the LMR-LTE interoperability issue and described comprehensive interworking facilities. New and upcoming features and services of LTE in Releases 14 and 15, such as mission-critical data, mission-critical video, and aerial user equipments, are also directly applicable to public safety. The paper endeavours to provide a quick yet meaningful review of all these issues. It also offers a look ahead at the new and rapidly advancing virtualization technologies, such as software-defined radio access network, and radio access network slicing, as enablers for future public safety networks.

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