scholarly journals Molecular taphonomy of animal and plant cuticles: selective preservation and diagenesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1379) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. G. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Plant Cuticles ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The nature of organic material and the environment in which it is deposited exert a major influence on the extent to which biomacromolecules are preserved in the fossil record. The role of these factors is explored with a particular focus on the cuticle of arthropods and leaves. Preservation of the original chemistry of arthropod cuticles is favoured by their thickness and degree of sclerotization, and the presence of biominerals. Decay and burial in terrestrial as opposed to marine, and anoxic rather than oxygenated conditions, likewise appear to enhance preservation. The most important factor in the long–term preservation of the chemistry of both animal and plant cuticles, however, is diagenetic alteration to an aliphatic composition. This occurs even in amber, which encapsulates the fossil, eliminating almost all external factors. Some plants contain an original decay–resistant macromolecular aliphatic component but this is not the case in arthropods. It appears that the aliphatic components of many plant as well as animal fossils may be the result of diagenetic polymerization. Selective preservation as a result of decay resistance may explain the initial survival of organic materials in sediments, but in many cases longer–term preservation relies on chemical changes. Selective preservation is only a partial explanation for the origin of kerogen.

scholarly journals Green Automotive Industry: Global Trends and Challenges for Russian Car Manufacturers

2021 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 07007
Author(s):  
Irina Krakovskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Zhurova ◽  
Anna Shekhtman
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
New Models ◽  
Environmental Instability ◽  
Green Model ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The transition to the “green” model of the economy is a complex strategic task that requires a combination of two development vectors: maintaining dynamic economic growth and long-term preservation of the natural environment. One of the key directions for resolving existing environmental problems is associated with decarbonization and improving the eco-friendliness of vehicles. Almost all the world’s automobile corporations are actively developing electric transport technologies and launching an increasing number of new models into mass production, offering alternative fuel sources. This paper investigates trends in the greening of the global automotive industry, the resulting threats and risks of the development of the national automotive industry, identifies the reasons for the environmental instability of the Russian automotive industry.

scholarly journals Saving us from the Digital Dark Age: the Austrian perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Trognitz
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In Austria, archaeological research and excavation practice is shaped by a legislative framework and institutional actors. Besides the institutions, the role of private archaeological contractors has grown in the last decade and recently non-commercial associations have been founded. According to the Austrian Monument Protection Act, the Federal Monuments Authority issues permits for any archaeological excavation or survey activity. Documentation and preservation of physical material are regulated by the Monument Protection Act as well as by dedicated guidelines published by the Federal Monuments Authority. With the recent increased use of digital methods, the importance of preserving and disseminating digital data has risen. Although the Austrian government pursues a digitisation agenda including the promotion of Open Science, the availability of repositories suitable for long-term preservation of digital data does not meet the requirements arising from the ever-increasing amount of data.

scholarly journals ANMCO POSITION PAPER: The role of cardiology in the management of the health needs in the post-Covid-19 era

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_G) ◽  
pp. G217-G222
Author(s):  
Adriano Murrone ◽  
Furio Colivicchi ◽  
Loris Roncon ◽  
Pasquale Caldarola ◽  
Vincenzo Amodeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Hospital Units ◽  
The World ◽  
Intensity Of Care ◽  
Almost All

Abstract At the end of 2019 a new Coronavirus appeared in China and, from there, it spread to the rest of the world. On 24th May, 2020, the confirmed cases in the world were more than 5 million and the deaths almost 350.000. At the end of May, Italy reported more than 27.000 cases among healthcare professionals and 163 deaths among physicians. The National Health Systems from almost all over the world, including Italy’s, were unprepared for this pandemic, and this generated important consequences of organizational nature. All elective and urgent specialized activities were completely reorganized, and many hospital units were partially or completely converted to the care of the COVID-19 patients. A significant reduction in hospital admissions for acute heart disease were recorded during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and, in order to gradually resume hospital activities, the Italian National Phase 2 Plan for the partial recovery of activities, must necessarily be associated with a Phase 2 Health Plan. In regards to the cardiac outpatient activities we need to identify short term goals, i.e. reschedule the suspended outpatient activities, revise the waiting lists, review the ‘timings’ of the bookings. This will reduce the number of available examinations compared to the pre-Covid-19 era. The GP’s collaboration could represent an important resource, a structured telephone follow-up plan is advisable with the nursing staff’s involvement. It is equally important to set medium-long term goals, the pandemic could be an appropriate moment for making a virtue of necessity. It is time to reason on prescriptive appropriateness, telemedicine implementation intended as integration to the traditional management. It is time to restructure the cardiological units related to the issue of structural adjustment to the needs for functional isolation. Moreover, the creation of ‘grey zones’ with multidisciplinary management according to the intensity of care levels seems to be necessary as well as the identification of Covid dedicated cardiologies. Finally, the pandemic could represent the opportunity for a permanent renovation of the cardiological and territorial medicine activities.

scholarly journals LONG-TERM ORGAN CULTURE OF THE SALAMANDER HEART

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Millhouse ◽  
John J. Chiakulas ◽  
Lawrence E. Scheving
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Contraction Mechanism ◽  
Filamentous Material ◽  
Almost All ◽  
T System

Beating salamander hearts were maintained in tissue culture for periods ranging from 1 to 6 months. After 1, 3, or 6 months of culture, six hearts, along with six control hearts, were fixed for electron microscopy. In control tissue, the sarcoplasmic reticulum usually demonstrated the normal pattern of paired, linearly arranged membranes, although in some cases, the reticulum showed a variation from these membranes to a series of small vesicles. There was no evidence of a T-system of tubules in any of the material examined. Desmosome-Z band complexes were observed in almost all sections of both control and experimental material. A possible role of these complexes in the excitation-contraction mechanism is discussed. In 3 month cultured material, alterations in normal myofibrillar pattern occurred. Small segments of myofibrils branched from one Z band to join the Z band of an adjacent myofibril, or appeared to be fraying out into the sarcoplasm. In 6 month cultured material, myofibrils were fragmented into short segments from which myofilaments frayed out into the sarcoplasm. This filamentous material may be remnants of myofilaments. Despite the morphological changes in myofibrils, the heart pulsation rate, established at the beginning, was maintained throughout the culture period. It is suggested that the alterations, observed in the experimental material, occurred in elements not essential for heart beat maintenance, or that these alterations have not yet progressed to a critical point of affecting the heart beat.

scholarly journals Mapping the collaterome for precision cerebrovascular health: Theranostics in the continuum of stroke and dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1449-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Liebeskind
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
Cerebrovascular Health ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Precision cerebrovascular health or individualized long-term preservation of the brain and associated blood vessels, is predicated on understanding, diagnosing, and tailoring therapies for people at risk of ischemic injury associated with stroke and vascular dementia. The associated imaging patterns are sculpted by the protective effect of the collaterome, the innate compensatory ability of the brain and vasculature to offset hypoperfusion when antegrade or normal arterial inflow pathways are compromised. Theranostics or rational and synchronous use of diagnostic studies in tandem with specific therapies to optimally guide patient outcomes in ischemic brain disorders may capitalize on the pivotal role of the collaterome. Understanding the functional impact of the collaterome across populations of individuals would advance translational science on the brain, while questions with immediate clinical implications may be prioritized. Big data and systematic analyses are necessary to develop normative standards, multimodal imaging atlases, and delineation of specific patterns to guide clinical management. Large-scale, systematic imaging analyses of the collaterome provide a platform for translational work on cerebral collateral circulation and hemodynamics and a theranostic framework with direct clinical implications. This article frames incipient research objectives to guide precision stroke medicine in coming years, building upon the collaterome concept in brain health.

scholarly journals Management, Appraisal and Long Term Preservation of E-records: Role of Archivists and IT Professionals

Atlanti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Aida Škoro Babić
Keyword(s):  
Record Management ◽  
Archival Science ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Process Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Of It ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In the process of creating records the role of IT professionals in present time increased, especially if we compare the role of IT professionals in record management and preservation of not born digital records. The author will try to define the role of archivists in the process of creating, managing, appraising and preserving e-records, as well as the role of IT professionals in the same process. Definition of both will be specified through analysing the processes in life of e-records and what professional and scientific approaches are necessary for long-term preservation of e-records. Through this analyse the author will try to specify what knowledge of both professions are actually necessary in the specific period in life of e-record and to emphasize the need of educating IT professionals in the field of basics of archival science to reach the goal of e-archives according to archival standards and principles.

Best Treatment of Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Sbarzaglia ◽  
Salvatore Notaristefano ◽  
Claudio Cavallini ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saphenous Vein ◽  
Saphenous Vein Graft ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Late Restenosis ◽  
Almost All

When used as conduits for coronary artery bypass surgery, saphenous vein grafts (SVG) develop atherosclerotic disease that may result in stenosis or occlusion in 50% of patients by 10 years. SVG intervention has become an attractive alternative to reoperation in these patients, but is associated with less favourable acute and long-term outcomes compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of native vessels due to a higher incidence of periprocedural micro-embolisation and of late restenosis. The role of protection devices that reduce distal embolisation and no-reflow phenomenon has been well established, and they now represent a ‘must’ for almost all of the procedures of PCI in SVG. The potential role of drug-eluting stents (DES) in improving long-term results of SVG intervention is still debated and, to date, there is no clear evidence of their benefit in relevant clinical end-point. The aim of this article is to examine the best available therapeutic options for patients undergoing PCI of SVG lesions.

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