scholarly journals Saving us from the Digital Dark Age: the Austrian perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Trognitz
Keyword(s):  
Open Science ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In Austria, archaeological research and excavation practice is shaped by a legislative framework and institutional actors. Besides the institutions, the role of private archaeological contractors has grown in the last decade and recently non-commercial associations have been founded. According to the Austrian Monument Protection Act, the Federal Monuments Authority issues permits for any archaeological excavation or survey activity. Documentation and preservation of physical material are regulated by the Monument Protection Act as well as by dedicated guidelines published by the Federal Monuments Authority. With the recent increased use of digital methods, the importance of preserving and disseminating digital data has risen. Although the Austrian government pursues a digitisation agenda including the promotion of Open Science, the availability of repositories suitable for long-term preservation of digital data does not meet the requirements arising from the ever-increasing amount of data.

scholarly journals Molecular taphonomy of animal and plant cuticles: selective preservation and diagenesis

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1379) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek E. G. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Partial Explanation ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Plant Cuticles ◽  
Selective Preservation ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The nature of organic material and the environment in which it is deposited exert a major influence on the extent to which biomacromolecules are preserved in the fossil record. The role of these factors is explored with a particular focus on the cuticle of arthropods and leaves. Preservation of the original chemistry of arthropod cuticles is favoured by their thickness and degree of sclerotization, and the presence of biominerals. Decay and burial in terrestrial as opposed to marine, and anoxic rather than oxygenated conditions, likewise appear to enhance preservation. The most important factor in the long–term preservation of the chemistry of both animal and plant cuticles, however, is diagenetic alteration to an aliphatic composition. This occurs even in amber, which encapsulates the fossil, eliminating almost all external factors. Some plants contain an original decay–resistant macromolecular aliphatic component but this is not the case in arthropods. It appears that the aliphatic components of many plant as well as animal fossils may be the result of diagenetic polymerization. Selective preservation as a result of decay resistance may explain the initial survival of organic materials in sediments, but in many cases longer–term preservation relies on chemical changes. Selective preservation is only a partial explanation for the origin of kerogen.

scholarly journals The long decade of digital preservation in heritage institutions in the Czech Republic: 2002–2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-183
Author(s):  
Jan Hutař ◽  
Marek Melichar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
User Requirements ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Long Term Preservation

This paper aims to give state-of-the-art information about digital preservation activities in the Czech Republic during the last decade to an English-speaking audience. We briefly describe major phases of the “digital” projects. These were mainly in libraries, with some references to museums, galleries and archives. We focus on aspects related to the preservation of collected born-digital and digitised content. Even now, digital preservation activities in heritage institutions are often on the periphery of the interest of all stakeholders and the infrastructure supporting digital preservation of data in heritage institutions is not well financed or coordinated. Even though the “long decade”, which lasted from the dramatic events of 2002 until approximately 2014, saw a number of successful projects creating digital data in Czech libraries, the handful of projects which were in part focused on digital preservation were not flexible enough to accommodate user requirements and were failing to meet expectations. There is still much room for further development in the area of long-term preservation of digital data in the Czech Republic. This article is a shortened version of one of the analyses written under the “Strategy of the research, development and innovation for the years 2010–2015” program of the Moravian Library in Brno, Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Mapping the collaterome for precision cerebrovascular health: Theranostics in the continuum of stroke and dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1449-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Liebeskind
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
Cerebrovascular Health ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Precision cerebrovascular health or individualized long-term preservation of the brain and associated blood vessels, is predicated on understanding, diagnosing, and tailoring therapies for people at risk of ischemic injury associated with stroke and vascular dementia. The associated imaging patterns are sculpted by the protective effect of the collaterome, the innate compensatory ability of the brain and vasculature to offset hypoperfusion when antegrade or normal arterial inflow pathways are compromised. Theranostics or rational and synchronous use of diagnostic studies in tandem with specific therapies to optimally guide patient outcomes in ischemic brain disorders may capitalize on the pivotal role of the collaterome. Understanding the functional impact of the collaterome across populations of individuals would advance translational science on the brain, while questions with immediate clinical implications may be prioritized. Big data and systematic analyses are necessary to develop normative standards, multimodal imaging atlases, and delineation of specific patterns to guide clinical management. Large-scale, systematic imaging analyses of the collaterome provide a platform for translational work on cerebral collateral circulation and hemodynamics and a theranostic framework with direct clinical implications. This article frames incipient research objectives to guide precision stroke medicine in coming years, building upon the collaterome concept in brain health.

scholarly journals Further support for the role of heroism in human mate choice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpal Singh Bhogal ◽  
James Edward Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Science Framework

Previous research has explored the role of prosociality in mate choice, predominantly focusing on the role of altruism. Although there is ample evidence to suggest altruism has evolved via mate choice, little research has unpacked prosociality by exploring the role of heroism in mate choice. Limited studies have been conducted in this area, and no studies have explored men’s desirability towards heroic targets. The aim of this study was to replicate and extend the limited research on the role of heroism in mate choice. Participants (n=276, 101 men and 175 women) rated several scenarios varying in heroism, whereby they were asked to rate how desirable targets were for a short-term and long-term relationship. The findings show that both men and women found heroic targets to be more desirable than targets low in heroism, although the main effect of sex was stronger for women than men. Furthermore, high heroic targets were rated as more desirable for long-term compared to short-term relationships, thus replicating and extending previous research. The findings add support to the adaptive role of heroism in human mate choice by exploring the role of heroism in both male and female mate choice. Data, materials, and the preregistered hypotheses/protocol are available on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/qbzw7/?view_only=e66411df988844cfa39e63c51ed33131).

scholarly journals Management, Appraisal and Long Term Preservation of E-records: Role of Archivists and IT Professionals

Atlanti ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Aida Škoro Babić
Keyword(s):  
Record Management ◽  
Archival Science ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Process Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Of It ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In the process of creating records the role of IT professionals in present time increased, especially if we compare the role of IT professionals in record management and preservation of not born digital records. The author will try to define the role of archivists in the process of creating, managing, appraising and preserving e-records, as well as the role of IT professionals in the same process. Definition of both will be specified through analysing the processes in life of e-records and what professional and scientific approaches are necessary for long-term preservation of e-records. Through this analyse the author will try to specify what knowledge of both professions are actually necessary in the specific period in life of e-record and to emphasize the need of educating IT professionals in the field of basics of archival science to reach the goal of e-archives according to archival standards and principles.

Philology in the preservation of audio documents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Bressan
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Music ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Sound recordings have proven to be irreplaceable primary sources for disciplines like linguistics, musicology, ethnomusicology and sociology. Their fragile physical nature has activated a number of counter-actions aimed at prolonging the life expectancy of their content. Methodological issues have been raised in the past three decades, considering the relationship between the physical object and its (digitized) intangible content, which is not only complex but develops over time. This article re ects on the role of the emerging discipline known as ‘digital philology’ in the long- term preservation of audio documents, pointing out how some concepts (such as authenticity, reliability and accuracy) may require a ‘customized’ (as opposed to a ‘ready-made’) approach in the preservation work ow – mainly depending on the type of the archive: unique copies, eld recordings, electronic music, oral history, to name some representative cases. The set-up of the laboratory for sound preservation at the Centro di Sonologia Computazionale (CSC) of the University of Padova, Italy, represents one customized approach in which conscious methodological decisions support philologically informed digitization e orts. The methods affect the results, and ultimately the consequences are not merely technological but cultural.

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