The impact of the ‘open’ workspace on human collaboration

Organizations’ pursuit of increased workplace collaboration has led managers to transform traditional office spaces into ‘open’, transparency-enhancing architectures with fewer walls, doors and other spatial boundaries, yet there is scant direct empirical research on how human interaction patterns change as a result of these architectural changes. In two intervention-based field studies of corporate headquarters transitioning to more open office spaces, we empirically examined—using digital data from advanced wearable devices and from electronic communication servers—the effect of open office architectures on employees' face-to-face, email and instant messaging (IM) interaction patterns. Contrary to common belief, the volume of face-to-face interaction decreased significantly (approx. 70%) in both cases, with an associated increase in electronic interaction. In short, rather than prompting increasingly vibrant face-to-face collaboration, open architecture appeared to trigger a natural human response to socially withdraw from officemates and interact instead over email and IM. This is the first study to empirically measure both face-to-face and electronic interaction before and after the adoption of open office architecture. The results inform our understanding of the impact on human behaviour of workspaces that trend towards fewer spatial boundaries. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Interdisciplinary approaches for uncovering the impacts of architecture on collective behaviour’.

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Social Media

Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology - Returning to Interpersonal Dialogue and Understanding Human Communication in the Digital Age ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-4168-4.ch003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 47-68

Author(s):

Elham Mohammadi ◽

Azam Masoumi

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Media ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Face To Face ◽

The Impact ◽

Two Sides ◽

Modern Technologies

This chapter examines the path of human interaction by using modern technologies. There are two sides: those in favor of using modern technologies and those who argue that modern technologies have unwanted, detrimental effects on people's lives and health. This chapter explores virtual communication's properties. It focuses on the impact that using social media instead of face-to-face interaction has on the users' health, specifically mental health. In this viewpoint, social media is not an alternative to face-to-face interaction but a complementary device that reminds us the vitality of interaction even with those who are physically unavailable to us.

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The Effect of Mobile Instant Messaging versus Face-to-Face Counseling on the Primiparous Mothers’ Breastfeeding Self-efficacy: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17299/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manoosh Mehrabi ◽

Shoale Zarei ◽

Leila Bazrafkan ◽

Ali Reza Safarpour

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Instant Messaging ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

World Health ◽

Face To Face ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The World ◽

The Impact ◽

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Increasing breastfeeding rates around the world is one of the most important goals of the World Health Organization. Self-efficacy is a modifying and predictive factor for initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of mobile-based education and regular delivery of designed messages on breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous mothers. Methods This study was a double blind pilot randomized controlled trial, in which a hundred and twenty primiparous breastfeeding mothers were randomly allocated into two groups using permuted block randomization. The standard method conseling arm received routine counseling interventions and the intervention arm received a mobile instant messaging program in addition to the usual counseling. The main objective of this study was to compare self-efficacy in face-to-face counseling group and mobile instant messaging group. Self-efficacy levels were compared in the two groups before and after the study procedures. Results In this study, 60 mothers were studied in each group, and then the collected data were analyzed. The mean post-test scores in the intervention group (60.40 ± 4.92) and the control group (50.10 ± 7.60) were compared in the main analysis. The results indicated a statistically significant difference (p <0.001). Given the amount of effect size ( d= 0.99; 95% CI=1.19-2.02 ) it appears that there is a high level correlation between the applied intervention and level of self-efficacy among the study participants, especially those with higher levels of education. Secondary findings of the study involved evaluating the effects of education, occupation, family income, lactation duration and spouse support for breastfeeding self-efficacy. Except for the maternal education level, which had a significant relationship with the level of breastfeeding self-efficacy (p= 0.02), the other factors did not show any correlation with self-efficacy in breastfeeding. Conclusion The pilot study provided valuable information for feasibility assessment of randomized controlled trials in future studies with larger sample sizes and more participant diversity.

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Serving Children and Adolescents in Need during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluation of Service-Learning Subjects with and without Face-to-Face Interaction

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18042114 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 2114

Author(s):

Li Lin ◽

Daniel T. L. Shek

Keyword(s):

Service Learning ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Youth Development ◽

Teaching And Learning ◽

Well Being ◽

Outcome Evaluation ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Face To Face ◽

Service Leadership ◽

The Impact

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has posed a great challenge to teaching and learning activities in higher education, particularly for service-learning subjects that involve intensive human interaction. Although service-learning may be transformed to a virtual mode in response to the pandemic, little is known about the impact of this new mode on student learning and well-being. This paper reports a university credit-bearing service-learning subject that involves services toward needy children and adolescents in a non-face-to-face mode under COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the effectiveness of this subject by comparing it with the same subject delivered via a face-to-face mode. Objective outcome evaluation via a pretest-posttest comparison (N = 216) showed that the students who took service-learning subjects with and without face-to-face interaction showed similar positive changes in positive youth development competences, service leadership qualities, and life satisfaction. Subjective outcome evaluation (N = 345) also showed that most students were satisfied with the subject, instructors and benefits regardless of the service mode. The findings highlight the important role of non-face-to-face service learning in promoting college students’ positive growth and well-being.

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Power to the People: The Role of Humans in Interactive Machine Learning

AI Magazine ◽

10.1609/aimag.v35i4.2513 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 105-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 199

Author(s):

Saleema Amershi ◽

Maya Cakmak ◽

William Bradley Knox ◽

Todd Kulesza

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Intelligent Systems ◽

Learning Systems ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

Interactive Machine Learning ◽

Effective Learning ◽

The People ◽

The Impact

Intelligent systems that learn interactively from their end-users are quickly becoming widespread. Until recently, this progress has been fueled mostly by advances in machine learning; however, more and more researchers are realizing the importance of studying users of these systems. In this article we promote this approach and demonstrate how it can result in better user experiences and more effective learning systems. We present a number of case studies that characterize the impact of interactivity, demonstrate ways in which some existing systems fail to account for the user, and explore new ways for learning systems to interact with their users. We argue that the design process for interactive machine learning systems should involve users at all stages: explorations that reveal human interaction patterns and inspire novel interaction methods, as well as refinement stages to tune details of the interface and choose among alternatives. After giving a glimpse of the progress that has been made so far, we discuss the challenges that we face in moving the field forward.

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Impact of COVID-19 on Continuing Medical Education—Results of an Online Survey Among Users of a Non-profit Multi-Specialty Live Online Education Platform

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.773806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Tobias L. Schulte ◽

Thilo Gröning ◽

Babett Ramsauer ◽

Jörg Weimann ◽

Martin Pin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Education ◽

Online Education ◽

Continuing Medical Education ◽

Online Survey ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Non Profit ◽

Face To Face ◽

Education Platform ◽

The Impact

Background: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated digitalization in medical education. Continuing medical education (CME) as a substantial component of this system was relevantly affected. Here, we present the results of an online survey highlighting the impact on and the role of online CME.Methods: An online survey of 44 questions was completed by users of a German online CME platform receiving an invitation via newsletter. CME habits, requirements, personal perception, and impact of the pandemic were inquired. Standard statistical methods were applied.Results: A total of 2,961 responders took the survey with 2,949 completed surveys included in the final analysis. Most contributions originated from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Physicians accounted for 78.3% (57.5% hospital doctors) of responses followed by midwives (7.3%) and paramedics (5.7%). Participating physicians were mainly board-certified specialists (69%; 55.75% hospital specialists, 13.25% specialists in private practice). Frequent online lectures at regular intervals (77.8%) and combined face-to-face and online CME (55.9%) were favored. A duration of 1–2 h was found ideal (57.5%). Technical issues were less a major concern since the pandemic.Conclusion: A shift from face-to-face toward online CME events was expectedly detected since the outbreak. Online CME was accelerated and promoted by the pandemic. According to the perception of users, the CME system appears to have reacted adequately to meet their demand but does not replace human interaction.

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Studying the Meta-Accuracy First Impressions in the Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Reality: Challenges and Opportunities Presented by Internet Research

E-methodology ◽

10.15503/emet2020.140.150 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 140-150

Author(s):

ELENA TSANKOVA ◽

ERGYUL TAIR

Keyword(s):

Instant Messaging ◽

Human Interaction ◽

Synchronous Communication ◽

First Impressions ◽

Internet Research ◽

The Internet ◽

Face To Face ◽

First Impression ◽

Challenges And Opportunities ◽

Internet Study

Aim. Studying first impressions meta-accuracy (how accurately we understand thefirst impressions others form about us) is central to enhancing the communication process.It typically requires experimental settings with at least minimal interactions between targets and perceivers. The COVID-19 pandemic has rendered face-to-face laboratory setupsalmost impossible. Fortunately, the Internet offers a virtual environment where the metaaccuracy of first impressions could be studied safely. We review the opportunities andchallenges associated with the Internet study of meta-accuracy and make a call for actionto address them.Concept. In certain ways the Internet facilitates the study of first impressions metaaccuracy. It is simpler and faster online, compared to the lab, to look at fi rst impressionsin asynchronous settings, such as email and social media updates, where targets presentthemselves via images and/or text and perceivers later form impressions based on thisinformation. The Internet research solution, however, also comes with an array of difficulties. Synchronous communication settings, where targets and perceivers exchange information without delay, (e.g., instant messaging), present three major types of challenges tostudy of first impression meta-accuracy—conceptual (e.g., differences between online andoffline first impression situations), technological (e.g., implementation of chat applications inInternet surveys), and policy-driven (e.g., GDPR).Conclusions. The opportunities and challenges presented by the Internet in the studyof first impression meta-accuracy also apply to the larger field of studying human interaction online. Discussing and addressing them has the potential to enhance Internet researchtools and practices for the humanities and social sciences.

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Transitioning to Blended Learning: Understanding Student and Faculty Perceptions

Online Learning ◽

10.24059/olj.v15i1.188 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nanette P. Napier ◽

Sonal Dekhane ◽

Stella Smith

Keyword(s):

Blended Learning ◽

Student Performance ◽

Liberal Arts ◽

Faculty Perceptions ◽

Liberal Arts College ◽

Final Exam ◽

Face To Face ◽

Faculty Teaching ◽

Face To Face Instruction ◽

The Impact

This paper describes the conversion of an introductory computing course to the blended learning model at a small, public liberal arts college. Blended learning significantly reduces face-to-face instruction by incorporating rich, online learning experiences. To assess the impact of blended learning on students, survey data was collected at the midpoint and end of semester, and student performance on the final exam was compared in traditional and blended learning sections. To capture faculty perspectives on teaching blended learning courses, written reflections and discussions from faculty teaching blended learning sections were analyzed. Results indicate that student performance in the traditional and blended learning sections of the course were comparable and that students reported high levels of interaction with their instructor. Faculty teaching the course share insights on transitioning to the blended learning format.

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Social anxiety is associated with similar emotional impairments during digital and face-to-face communication in daily life

10.31234/osf.io/82hfw ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Doorley ◽

Kristina Volgenau ◽

Kerry Kelso ◽

Todd Barrett Kashdan ◽

Alexander J. Shackman

Keyword(s):

Social Anxiety ◽

Digital Communication ◽

Instant Messaging ◽

Online Communication ◽

Medium Study ◽

Reconstruction Method ◽

Communication Behaviors ◽

Face To Face ◽

Emotional Impairments ◽

Emotional Safety

Background:Retrospective studies have found that people with elevated social anxiety (SA) show a preference for digital/online communication, which may be due to perceptions of enhanced emotional safety. Whether these preferences for/benefits of digital compared to face-to-face communication manifest in the real world has yet to be explored. Methods: We recruited samples of college students (N = 125) and community adults (N = 303) with varying levels of SA, sampled their emotions during digital and face-to-face communication using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) (Study 1) and a day reconstruction method (DRM) (Study 2), and preregistered our hypotheses (https://osf.io/e4y7x/). Results: Results from both studies showed that SA did not predict the likelihood of engaging in digital compared to face-to-face communication, and SA was associated with less positive and more negative emotions regardless of communication medium. Study 2 also showed that whether digital communication was synchronous (e.g., in real time via phone/video chat) or asynchronous (e.g., texting/instant messaging) did not impact the association between SA and emotions. Limitations: EMA and DRM methods, despite their many advantages, may be suboptimal for assessing the occurrence of digital communication behaviors relative to more objective methods (e.g., passively collecting smartphone communication data). Using event-contingent responding may have also yielded more reports of digital communication, thus strengthening our power to detect small, cross-level interaction effects. Conclusions:These results challenge beliefs that digital/online communication provides a source of emotional safety for people with elevated SA and suggests a greater need to address SA-related emotional impairments across digital communication platforms.

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“New Normal”: Analisis Penerimaan Menggunakan Balance Score Card

JARTIKA : Jurnal Riset Teknologi dan Inovasi Pendidikan ◽

10.36765/jartika.v3i2.303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 396-402

Author(s):

Maria Florentina Rumba ◽

Margaretha P.N Rozady ◽

Theresia W. Mado

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Higher Education Institutions ◽

Normal Phase ◽

Physical Contact ◽

New Normal ◽

Face To Face ◽

Balance Score Card ◽

Score Card ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

The Impact

Abstrak: Kebiasaan manusia berubah karena adanya wabah COVID-19, hal ini berpengaruh ketika manusia masuk ke dalam fase new normal. New normal diartikan sebagai keadaan yang tidak biasa dilakukan sebelumnya, yang kemudian dijadikan sebagai standar atau kebiasaan baru yang mesti dilakukan manusia untuk dirinya sendiri maupun untuk bersosialisasi dengan orang lain. Kebiasaan baru ini pun menimbulkan pro dan kontra seiring dengan dampak yang timbul. Lembaga pendidikan tinggi merupakan salah satu yang merasakan dampak penerapan new normal. Perkuliahan yang selama ini dilakukan secara online/daring, akan kembali dilakukan secara luring/tatap muka, dengan tetap menerapkan protokol COVID-19 seperti mengenakan masker, menjaga jarak, mengenakan sarung tangan, serta tidak melakukan kontak fisik seperti berjabat tangan. Masalah yang muncul bukan hanya kecemasan orang tua terhadap anak – anaknya, tetapi bagaimana lembaga pendidikan tinggi mengatur segala sumber daya yang dimiliki agar memenuhi standar penerapan new normal. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerimaan terhadap kondisi normal yang baru menggunakan Perspektif balance score card. Abstract: Human habits change because of the COVID-19 outbreak, this affects when humans enter the new normal phase. New normal is defined as a condition that is not normally done before, which is then used as a standard or new habits that must be done by humans for themselves or to socialize with others. This new habit also raises the pros and cons along with the impact arising with the new normal. Higher education institutions are the ones who feel the impact of implementing new normal. Lectures that have been conducted online / online will be re-done offline / face to face, while still applying the COVID-19 protocol such as wearing a mask, keeping a distance, wearing gloves, and not making physical contact such as shaking hands. The problem that arises is not only parents' anxiety about their children, but how higher education institutions regulate all available resources to meet new normal implementation standards. This study aims to determine acceptance of new normal conditions using the balance score card Perspective.

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