scholarly journals Multiscale mechanics of mucociliary clearance in the lung

2019 ◽  
Vol 375 (1792) ◽  
pp. 20190160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna C. Nawroth ◽  
Anne M. van der Does ◽  
Amy Ryan (Firth) ◽  
Eva Kanso
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Multiscale Mechanics ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
The Relationship

Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is one of the most important defence mechanisms of the human respiratory system. Its failure is implicated in many chronic and debilitating airway diseases. However, due to the complexity of lung organization, we currently lack full understanding on the relationship between these regional differences in anatomy and biology and MCC functioning. For example, it is unknown whether the regional variability of airway geometry, cell biology and ciliary mechanics play a functional role in MCC. It therefore remains unclear whether the regional preference seen in some airway diseases could originate from local MCC dysfunction. Though great insights have been gained into the genetic basis of cilia ultrastructural defects in airway ciliopathies, the scaling to regional MCC function and subsequent clinical phenotype remains unpredictable. Understanding the multiscale mechanics of MCC would help elucidate genotype–phenotype relationships and enable better diagnostic tools and treatment options. Here, we review the hierarchical and variable organization of ciliated airway epithelium in human lungs and discuss how this organization relates to MCC function. We then discuss the relevancy of these structure–function relationships to current topics in lung disease research. Finally, we examine how state-of-the-art computational approaches can help address existing open questions. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity and diversity of cilia in locomotion and transport’.

Establishing a Group Educational Session for Hyperacusis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Ann E. Perreau ◽  
Richard S. Tyler ◽  
Patricia C. Mancini ◽  
Shelley Witt ◽  
Mohamed Salah Elgandy
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Education Session ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Educational Session ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Audiologists should be treating hyperacusis patients. However, it can be difficult to know where to begin because treatment protocols and evidence-based treatment studies are lacking. A good place to start in any tinnitus and hyperacusis clinic is to incorporate a group educational session. Method Here, we outline our approach to establishing a hyperacusis group educational session that includes specific aspects of getting to know each patient to best meet their needs, understanding the problems associated with hyperacusis, explaining the auditory system and the relationship of hyperacusis to hearing loss and tinnitus, describing the influence of hyperacusis on daily life, and introducing treatment options. Subjective responses from 11 adults with hyperacusis, who participated in a recent clinical group education session, were discussed to illustrate examples from actual patients. Conclusions Due to the devastating nature of hyperacusis, patients need to be reassured that they are not alone and that they can rely on audiologists to provide support and guidance. A group approach can facilitate the therapeutic process by connecting patients with others who are also affected by hyperacusis, and by educating patients and significant others on hyperacusis and its treatment options. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8121197

Evaluación Cognitiva Montreal y consumo de alcohol: Un diagnóstico descriptivo del deterioro cognitivo en estudiantes universitarios de Durango, México

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Karla Liliana Pérez-Sosa ◽  
Edgar Felipe Lares-Bayona
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Study ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol is a toxic substance associated with acute and chronic disorders affecting the Central Nervous System and significantly altering brain function. Objective: To determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and alcohol consumption in university students of the Juárez University of the State of Durango. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative, non-probabilistic study, for convenience. A database was designed on the results obtained in a clinical interview on alcohol consumption and the application of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Contribution: The evaluation of cognitive functions show similar results, the male sex presented a better score in Attention and the female one in Orientation. More involvement was identified in the Deferred Memory functions in both groups. In relation to alcohol consumption, the cognitive functions evaluated show lower levels. The female gender was more evident cognitive impairment in relation to alcohol consumption being statistically significant (p <0.025). Alcohol consumption is a risky behavior that deserves to be recognized by the main actors about neurocognitive effects. Alcohol consumption prevention programs and cognitive diagnostic tools are appropriate strategies to reduce risk behaviors in mental health.

Public Powers, Private Powers, and the Exploitation of Metals for Coinage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Italian Journal ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

In 1994, an article appeared in the Italian journal Archeologia Medievale, written by Chris Wickham and Riccardo Francovich, entitled ‘Uno scavo archeologico ed il problema dello sviluppo della signoria territoriale: Rocca San Silvestro e i rapporti di produzione minerari’. It marked a breakthrough in the study of the exploitation of mineral resources (especially silver) in relation to forms of power, and the associated economic structure, and control of production between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. On the basis of the data available to archeological research at the time, the article ended with a series of open questions, especially relating to the early medieval period. The new campaign of field research, focused on the mining landscape of the Colline Metallifere in southern Tuscany, has made it possible to gather more information. While the data that has now been gathered are not yet sufficient to give definite and complete answers to those questions, they nevertheless allow us to now formulate some hypotheses which may serve as the foundations for broader considerations as regards the relationship between the exploitation of a fundamental resource for the economy of the time, and the main players and agents in that system of exploitation, within a landscape that was undergoing transformation in the period between the early medieval period and the middle centuries of the Middle Ages.

Patient-Physician Concordance for Quantitative Formats and Treatment Options and the Relationship with State Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia J. Smallwood ◽  
Joan M. Neuner ◽  
Kathlyn E. Fletcher ◽  
Cindy M. Walker ◽  
Marilyn M. Schapira
Keyword(s):  
State Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Microfluidic Based Physical Approaches towards Single-Cell Intracellular Delivery and Analysis

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Kiran Kaladharan ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Pallavi Gupta ◽  
Kavitha Illath ◽  
Tuhin Subhra Santra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Intracellular Delivery ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Cell Measurement ◽  
Therapeutic Development ◽  
Single Living

The ability to deliver foreign molecules into a single living cell with high transfection efficiency and high cell viability is of great interest in cell biology for applications in therapeutic development, diagnostics, and drug delivery towards personalized medicine. Various physical delivery methods have long demonstrated the ability to deliver cargo molecules directly to the cytoplasm or nucleus and the mechanisms underlying most of the approaches have been extensively investigated. However, most of these techniques are bulk approaches that are cell-specific and have low throughput delivery. In comparison to bulk measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. To elucidate distinct responses during cell genetic modification, methods to achieve transfection at the single-cell level are of great interest. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. This review article aims to cover various microfluidic-based physical methods for single-cell intracellular delivery such as electroporation, mechanoporation, microinjection, sonoporation, optoporation, magnetoporation, and thermoporation and their analysis. The mechanisms of various physical methods, their applications, limitations, and prospects are also elaborated.

scholarly journals Fructose and Mannose in Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Cancer

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Lieu ◽  
Neil Kelekar ◽  
Pratibha Bhalla ◽  
Jiyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Mannose Metabolism

History suggests that tasteful properties of sugar have been domesticated as far back as 8000 BCE. With origins in New Guinea, the cultivation of sugar quickly spread over centuries of conquest and trade. The product, which quickly integrated into common foods and onto kitchen tables, is sucrose, which is made up of glucose and fructose dimers. While sugar is commonly associated with flavor, there is a myriad of biochemical properties that explain how sugars as biological molecules function in physiological contexts. Substantial research and reviews have been done on the role of glucose in disease. This review aims to describe the role of its isomers, fructose and mannose, in the context of inborn errors of metabolism and other metabolic diseases, such as cancer. While structurally similar, fructose and mannose give rise to very differing biochemical properties and understanding these differences will guide the development of more effective therapies for metabolic disease. We will discuss pathophysiology linked to perturbations in fructose and mannose metabolism, diagnostic tools, and treatment options of the diseases.

Stressful Life Events as a Trigger for Autoimmune Disease? A Case Report on Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Robert Devine ◽  
Melanie Simms
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid ◽  
Acute Presentation

This case discusses the acute presentation of a patient with mucous membrane pemphigoid to an emergency dental department. Mucous membrane pemphigoid is a rare condition, but its presentation can be severe and concerning for both the patient and clinician. The case presents the manifestations of florid desquamative gingivitis and extensive mucosal erosions due to burst bullae. We discuss the possible causes of the condition in this patient, likely to be the stress of recent cardiac surgery, as well as exploring the efficacy of diagnostic tools, treatment options and adverse effects of corticosteroid treatment. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Correct and timely diagnosis of vesiculobullous disorders has notable impacts on patient outcomes and quality of life.

scholarly journals Are Engaged Workaholics Protected against Job-Related Negative Affect and Anxiety before Sleep? A Study of the Moderating Role of Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Spagnoli ◽  
Cristian Balducci ◽  
Liliya Scafuri Kovalchuk ◽  
Francesco Maiorano ◽  
Carmela Buono
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Conditional Process Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Although the interplay between workaholism and work engagement could explain several open questions regarding the Heavy Work Investment (HWI) phenomenon, few studies have addressed this issue. Thus, with the purpose of filling this literature gap, the present study aimed at examining a model where job-related negative affect mediates the relationship between the interplay of workaholism and work engagement, and anxiety before sleep. Since gender could have a role in the way the interplay would impact on the theorized model, we also hypothesized a moderated role of gender on the specific connection concerning the interplay between workaholism and work engagement, in relation to job-related negative affect. Conditional process analysis was conducted on a sample of 146 participants, balanced for gender. Results supported the mediating model and indicated the presence of a moderated role of gender, such that engaged workaholic women reported significantly less job-related negative affect than disengaged workaholic women. On the contrary, the interplay between workaholism and work engagement did not seem significant for men. Results are discussed in light of the limitations and future directions of the research in this field, as well as the ensuing practical implications.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Culture Beliefs about Russia’s, Western and Eastern Civilizations among Creative Youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-197
Author(s):  
V.U. Litvinov ◽  
L.V. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Constituent

Objective. The aim of this research was a comparative analysis of culture beliefs about Russia’s, Eastern and Western civilizations among the youth of Moscow City. Background. Civilization identity is the a basic constituent in forming of individual’s image of the world. Understanding and acceptance of civilization’s cultural particularities helps to save personal and social identity’s stability. But understanding of differences from other civilizations and comparison with them is no less important. Study design. The study examined the relationship between the various components of the cultural representations of civilizations. The presence and nature of the relationship was checked through correlation, qualitative and content analysis. Participants. 200 people (43% of men, 57% of women) from 18 to 2 years old, students of creative universities in Moscow, studying under the training programs for future media workers. Measurements. The study was carried out by the method of questioning, including the associative method, the method of unfinished sentences, closed and open questions. Results. The research’s results proved the hypothesis that culture beliefs of Russia’s youth are qualitatively different for each of the presented civilizations. Besides, the research discovered differences related to gender. Russia’s and Eastern civilizations turned out to be the closest for male according to the research’s results, and for female — Russia’s and Western civilizations respectively. Conclusions. There is a qualitative difference between the cultural ideas of Russian, Western and Eastern civilizations among Russian youth.

scholarly journals Association between gut dysbiosis and chronic kidney disease: a narrative review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 030006052110532
Author(s):  
Zhe Feng ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Sheng Dong ◽  
Hongli Jiang ◽  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Intestinal Ecology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious non-communicable disease that poses a significant burden on healthcare and society. It is essential to devise new strategies to better treat patients with CKD. Research has illustrated that gut dysbiosis, describing an abnormal intestinal ecology, is closely associated with CKD. In this narrative review, we summarized the evidence of their mutual relationship and discussed the potential treatment options to correct gut dysbiosis in patients with CKD. Gut dysbiosis significantly increases the risk of CKD, especially in the older population. Gut dysbiosis also plays a role in CKD complications, such as hypertension, cardiovascular events, and cognitive dysfunction. The relationship between gut dysbiosis and CKD is bidirectional, and CKD itself can lead to changes in gut microecology. The usual therapies for CKD can also increase the incidence of gut dysbiosis. Meanwhile, probiotics and antibiotics are generally used to correct gut dysbiosis. Further studies are required to elaborate the association between gut dysbiosis and CKD, and more treatment options should be explored to prevent CKD in patients with gut dysbiosis.

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