Multinational qEEG developmental surfaces

AbstractThe quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is a diagnostic method based on the spectral features of the resting state EEG. The departure of spectral features from normality is gauged by the z transform with respect to the age-adjusted mean and deviation of normative databases – known as the developmental equations/surfaces. However, the extent to which the data collected from different countries with various equipment require separate developmental equations remains unanswered. Here, we analyzed the EEG of 535 subjects from 3 countries, Switzerland, the USA and Cuba. The EEG power spectra of all samples were log transformed and their relations to the covariables (‘age’, ‘frequency’, ‘country’ and ‘individual’) were analyzed using the linear mixed effects model. We found that the origin ‘country’ of the subjects did not play a significant effect on the log spectra, even without interactions with other independent variables, whereas, ‘age’ and ‘frequency’ were highly significant. To estimate the developmental surfaces in greater detail, we carried out kernel regression (lowess) in two dimensions of log-age and frequency. We found two main phenomena: 1) slow rhythms (δ, θ) predominated in the lower ages and then decreased with a tendency to disappear at higher ages; 2) α rhythm was absent at lower ages, but gradually appeared more relevant in occipital and parietal regions, and increased with aging with an increasing centering frequency of α rhythm. We consider both phenomena as an expression of healthy neurodevelopmental and maturation related to age. It is the first study of multinational qEEG developmental surfaces accounting for ‘country’. The results demonstrate the possibility of creating international qEEG norms since the ‘individual’ and ‘age’ variability are much larger than the specific factors like ‘country’, or the technology employed ‘device’.

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Directive Guidance as a Cultural Practice for Learning by Chinese-Heritage Babies

Human Development ◽

10.1159/000517081 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Yu Zhang ◽

Su-hua Wang ◽

Shinchieh Duh

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Early Development ◽

Filial Piety ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

European American ◽

Individual Level ◽

Children’S Learning ◽

The Usa ◽

The Individual

We provide a framework of analysis for Chinese ways of learning that extends beyond the individual level. The theoretical framework focuses on Confucian principles of xiào (孝, filial piety), guăn (管, to govern), and dào dé guān (道德觀, virtues), which leads us to argue that directive guidance as a cultural practice nourishes Chinese-heritage children’s learning as early as in infancy. To illustrate how directive guidance occurs in action for infants, we present an empirical study that examined the interaction of mother-infant dyads in Taipei, Taiwan, when they played with a challenging toy. The dyads co-enacted directive guidance more frequently than their European-American counterparts in the USA – through hand holding, intervening, and collaboration – while infants actively participate in the practice. We discuss the early development of strengths for learning that is fostered through culturally meaningful practices recurrent in parent-infant interaction.

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Cognitive Biases in Criminal Case Evaluation: A Review of the Research

Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology ◽

10.1007/s11896-020-09425-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa Meterko ◽

Glinda Cooper

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Biases ◽

Social Science Research ◽

Science Research ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Criminal Case ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Case Evaluation ◽

Complex Stimuli ◽

The Usa ◽

Specific Factors

AbstractPsychological heuristics are an adaptive part of human cognition, helping us operate efficiently in a world full of complex stimuli. However, these mental shortcuts also have the potential to undermine the search for truth in a criminal investigation. We reviewed 30 social science research papers on cognitive biases in criminal case evaluations (i.e., integrating and drawing conclusions based on the totality of the evidence in a criminal case), 18 of which were based on police participants or an examination of police documents. Only two of these police participant studies were done in the USA, with the remainder conducted in various European countries. The studies provide supporting evidence that lay people and law enforcement professionals alike are vulnerable to confirmation bias, and there are other environmental, individual, and case-specific factors that may exacerbate this risk. Six studies described or evaluated the efficacy of intervention strategies, with varying evidence of success. Further research, particularly in the USA, is needed to evaluate different approaches to protect criminal investigations from cognitive biases.

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Do information technology (IT) capabilities affect hotel competitiveness?

Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology ◽

10.1108/jhtt-02-2020-0036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 447-460

Author(s):

Nan Hua

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Financial Data ◽

Content Type ◽

It Systems ◽

Study Results ◽

It Capabilities ◽

The Usa ◽

Lagged Effects ◽

The Individual ◽

Direct Measures

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study adapts and extends Hua et al. (2015) and O’Neill et al. (2008) by incorporating the specific measures of IT expenditures as proxies for the relevant IT capabilities to explore the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Findings This study finds that expenditures on IT Labor, IT Systems and IT Websites exert different impacts on hotel competitiveness. In addition, IT capabilities exert both contemporary and lagged effects on hotel competitiveness. Originality/value This study is the first that uses financial data to capture direct measures of individual IT capabilities and tests the individual impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness from both contemporaneous and lagged perspectives. It uses a large same store sample of hotels in the USA from 2011 to 2017; as a result, the study results can be reasonably representative of the hotel population in the USA.

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Modification of EEG functional connectivity and EEG power spectra in overweight and obese patients with food addiction: An eLORETA study

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-014-9324-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 703-716 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Claudio Imperatori ◽

Mariantonietta Fabbricatore ◽

Marco Innamorati ◽

Benedetto Farina ◽

Maria Isabella Quintiliani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Power Spectra ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Eeg Power Spectra ◽

Eeg Power ◽

Eeg Functional Connectivity

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Robotic chemotherapy compounding: A multicenter productivity approach

Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice ◽

10.1177/1078155221992841 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107815522199284

Author(s):

Ana C Riestra ◽

Carmen López-Cabezas ◽

Marion Jobard ◽

Mertxe Campo ◽

María J Tamés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Hospital Pharmacy ◽

Multiple Regression Model ◽

Key Factors ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Specific Factors ◽

Automated Process ◽

Productivity Indicators ◽

The Mathematical Model

Introduction The aim of this study is to compare productivity of the KIRO Oncology compounding robot in three hospital pharmacy departments and identify the key factors to predict and optimize automatic compounding time. Methods The study was conducted in three hospitals. Each hospital compounding workload and workflow were analyzed. Data from the robotic compounding cycles from August 2017 to July 2018 were retrospectively obtained. Nine cycle specific parameters and five productivity indicators were analysed in each site. One-to-one differences between hospitals were evaluated. Next, a correlation analysis between cycle specific factors and productivity indicators was conducted; the factors presenting a highest correlation to automatic compounding time were used to develop a multiple regression model (afterwards validated) to predict the automatic compounding time. Results A total of 2795 cycles (16367 preparations) were analysed. Automatic compounding time showed a relevant positive correlation (ǀrs|>0.40) with the number of preparations, number of vials and total volume per cycle. Therefore, these cycle specific parameters were chosen as independent variables for the mathematical model. Considering cycles lasting 40 minutes or less, predictability of the model was high for all three hospitals (R2:0.81; 0.79; 0.72). Conclusion Workflow differences have a remarkable incidence in the global productivity of the automated process. Total volume dosed for all preparations in a cycle is one of the variables with greater influence in automatic compounding time. Algorithms to predict automatic compounding time can be useful to help users in order to plan the cycles launched in KIRO Oncology.

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Canada’s changing innovation landscape

Science and Public Policy ◽

10.1093/scipol/scab057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Md. Razib Alam ◽

Bonwoo Koo ◽

Brian Paul Cozzarin

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Destination Country ◽

Firm Level ◽

Individual Level ◽

Patent Classification ◽

The Usa ◽

The Government ◽

The Individual ◽

The University ◽

Over Time

Abstract Our objective is to study Canada’s patenting activity over time in aggregate terms by destination country, by assignee and destination country, and by diversification by country of destination. We collect bibliographic patent data from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. We identify 19,957 matched Canada–US patents, 34,032 Canada-only patents, and 43,656 US-only patents from 1980 to 2014. Telecommunications dominates in terms of International Patent Classification technologies for US-only and Canada–US patents. At the firm level, the greatest number of matched Canada–US patents were granted in the field of telecommunications, at the university level in pharmaceuticals, at the government level in control and instrumentation technology, and at the individual level in civil engineering. We use entropy to quantify technological diversification and find that diversification indices decline over time for Canada and the USA; however, all US indices decline at a faster rate.

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The Reflective Skill – Constructive-Prognostic Analysis in Methodological Context

Natural Science and Advanced Technology Education ◽

10.53656/nat2021-2.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 134-148

Author(s):

Natasha Tzanova ◽

◽

Nadezhda Raycheva ◽

Isa Hadjiali ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning Experience ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Historical Aspect ◽

Prognostic Analysis ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

Functional Part ◽

Cognitive Experience ◽

The Subject ◽

The Individual ◽

Reflective Skills

In historical aspect, the skill is among the key categories in the realm of human practice, which are often an object of different researches – psychological, pedagogical, and last but not least methodological. This is a fact, because the skill is a vital term for the description of productivity of learning experience at least in two dimensions – personally fundamental, guaranteeing its effective functioning in different situations and personally pragmatic, as a multi-level transformation of the cognitive experience, for the completion of certain social roles and the necessary qualities of the subject for this. The skill is a blend between those two dimensions of productivity both in higher education and in secondary school. The reflective skills are a structural and functional part of the transformation of the cognitive, affective, and psycho-motor experience and as such are included in the individual educational reality of the subject, and to a higher degree it defines it. This is the reason why the constructive-prognostic analysis of the reflective skill in the area of Methodology is pointing at the answer of the questions: What is this, what is its structure, how does it get integrated in the system of skills, how does it form and develop. The answers of those questions are basis of its methodological decoding in the process of training teachers and students in Biology. All of this describes the territory of the methodological context of analysing the reflective skill.

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Levitation of non-magnetizable droplet inside ferrofluid

Journal of Fluid Mechanics ◽

10.1017/jfm.2018.733 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 857 ◽

pp. 398-448 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chamkor Singh ◽

Arup K. Das ◽

Prasanta K. Das

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Steady State ◽

Viscosity Ratio ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Liquid Droplet ◽

Droplet Surface ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Projection Algorithm ◽

The Stability ◽

The Individual

The central theme of this work is that a stable levitation of a denser non-magnetizable liquid droplet, against gravity, inside a relatively lighter ferrofluid – a system barely considered in ferrohydrodynamics – is possible, and exhibits unique interfacial features; the stability of the levitation trajectory, however, is subject to an appropriate magnetic field modulation. We explore the shapes and the temporal dynamics of a plane non-magnetizable droplet levitating inside a ferrofluid against gravity due to a spatially complex, but systematically generated, magnetic field in two dimensions. The coupled set of Maxwell’s magnetostatic equations and the flow dynamic equations is integrated computationally, utilizing a conservative finite-volume-based second-order pressure projection algorithm combined with the front-tracking algorithm for the advection of the interface of the droplet. The dynamics of the droplet is studied under both the constant ferrofluid magnetic permeability assumption as well as for more realistic field-dependent permeability described by Langevin’s nonlinear magnetization model. Due to the non-homogeneous nature of the magnetic field, unique shapes of the droplet during its levitation, and at its steady state, are realized. The complete spatio-temporal response of the droplet is a function of the Laplace number $La$ , the magnetic Laplace number $La_{m}$ and the Galilei number $Ga$ ; through detailed simulations we separate out the individual roles played by these non-dimensional parameters. The effect of the viscosity ratio, the stability of the levitation path and the possibility of existence of multiple stable equilibrium states is investigated. We find, for certain conditions on the viscosity ratio, that there can be developments of cusps and singularities at the droplet surface; we also observe this phenomenon experimentally and compare with the simulations. Our simulations closely replicate the singular projection on the surface of the levitating droplet. Finally, we present a dynamical model for the vertical trajectory of the droplet. This model reveals a condition for the onset of levitation and the relation for the equilibrium levitation height. The linearization of the model around the steady state captures that the nature of the equilibrium point goes under a transition from being a spiral to a node depending upon the control parameters, which essentially means that the temporal route to the equilibrium can be either monotonic or undulating. The analytical model for the droplet trajectory is in close agreement with the detailed simulations.

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Winning hearts & minds (!)

Journal of Peace Research ◽

10.1177/0022343317708831 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (6) ◽

pp. 819-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Efe Tokdemir

Keyword(s):

Foreign Aid ◽

Soft Power ◽

Public Attitudes ◽

Regime Type ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Individual Level ◽

Policy Tool ◽

The Us ◽

The Usa ◽

The Individual

Foreign aid is a policy tool implemented with the purpose of fostering both hard and soft power abroad. Yet, previous research has not probed the effects of US foreign aid on public attitudes toward the US in the recipient countries. In this article, I argue that US foreign aid may actually feed anti-Americanism: aid indirectly creates winners and losers in the recipient countries, such that politically discontented people may blame the US for the survival of the prevailing regime. Drawing on Pew Research for Global Attitudes and on USAID Greenbook datasets, I focus on determining both the conditions under which foreign aid exacerbates anti-Americanism and the type of aid most likely to do this. The findings reveal that political losers of the recipient countries are more likely to express negative attitudes toward the USA as the amount of US aid increases, whereas political winners enjoy the results of US aid and view the USA positively accordingly. Moreover, the effect of US aid on attitudes toward the USA is also conditional on the regime type. While US aid increases the likelihood of anti-American attitudes among the losers in non-democratic countries, it decreases the likelihood of anti-Americanism among the losers in democratic ones. This article has important implications for policy in terms of determining how and to whom to provide aid in the context of the possible ramifications of providing aid at the individual level.

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