scholarly journals Tourism-driven ocean science for sustainable use: A case study of sharks in Fiji

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Ward-Paige ◽  
J Brunnschweiler ◽  
H Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Dive Tourism ◽  
Scientific Questions

AbstractThe oceans are in a state of rapid change – both negatively, due climate destabilization and misuse, and positively, due to strengthening of policies for sustainable use combined with momentum to grow the blue economy. Globally, more than 121 million people enjoy nature-based marine tourism — e.g., recreational fishing, diving, whale watching — making it one of the largest marine sectors. This industry is increasingly threatened by ocean degradation and management has not kept pace to ensure long-term sustainability. In response, individuals within the industry are taking it upon themselves to monitor the oceans and provide the data needed to assist management decisions. Fiji is one such place where the dive tourism industry is motivated to monitor the oceans (e.g., track sharks). In 2012, 39 dive operators in collaboration with eOceans commenced the Great Fiji Shark Count (GFSC) to document sharks (and other species) on 592 dive sites. Here, using 146,304 shark observations from 30,668 dives we document spatial patterns of 11 shark species. High variability demonstrates the value of longitudinal data that include absences for describing mobile megafauna and the capacity of stakeholders to document the oceans. Our results may be used to guide future scientific questions, provide a baseline for future assessments, or to evaluate conservation needs. It also shows the value of scientists collaborating with stakeholders to address questions that are most important to the local community so that they have the information needed to make science-based decisions.

scholarly journals Colonial Values and Asylum Care in Brazil: Reclaiming the Streets Through Carnival in Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Julia Evangelista ◽  
William A. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The City

AbstractThis chapter shows how carnival has been used to counter the impact of Brazil’s colonial history on its asylums and perceptions of madness. Colonisation of Brazil by Portugal in the nineteenth century led to a process of Europeanisation that was associated with dismissal of non-European customs and values as “mad” and sequestration of the poor from the streets into asylums. Bringing together the work of the two authors, the chapter describes through a case study how a carnival project, Loucura Suburbana (Suburban Madness), in which patients in both long- and short-term asylum care play leading roles, has enabled them to “reclaim the streets,” and re-establish their right to the city as valid producers of culture on their own terms. In the process, entrenched stigmas associated with having a history of mental illness in a local community are challenged, and sense of identity and self-confidence can be rebuilt, thus contributing to long-term improvements in mental well-being. Further illustrative materials are available including photographs and video clips.

The Tools at Hand

2011 ◽  
pp. 300-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Underwood ◽  
Leann Parker
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Afterschool Programs ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Underserved Youth ◽  
Physical Setting ◽  
Goals And Objectives

This chapter presents an anthropological case study of the response to rapidly changing technologies by members of a distributed network of 35 technology-based afterschool programs throughout California. University-Community Links (UC Links) is a collaborative effort among university campuses and local communities to develop a network, both physical and virtual, of afterschool program sites for underserved youth in California. While each UC Links program is a physical setting with its own set of learning activities developed in response to the cultural, linguistic, and educational concerns of the local community, the UC Links network as a whole serves as a larger virtual context for defining and pursuing shared goals and objectives and communicating information about effective uses of new digital technologies for afterschool learning. Using a cultural historical perspective, the authors approach UC Links as a sociotechnical activity system engaged in joint activity, and examine and assess its long-term adaptability and the differential capabilities of its local member sites to innovate in response to successive transformations of emerging technologies.

scholarly journals Cooperative Innovation Behavior Based on Big Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Guojun Ji ◽  
Muhong Yu ◽  
Kim Hua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Evolution Path ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Cooperative Innovation ◽  
Behavior Based ◽  
Method Approach

With the rapid change in technology, cooperative innovation based on data sharing has become an imminent tactic for enterprises to gain competitive advantages. This paper adopted a mixed method approach (case study-modelling-case study) to study firms’ co-opetition behavior based on their data analytics capabilities for innovation. We show that firms favor cooperation among peers with same capabilities, i.e., when each firm’s data level is comparable to their partners. We further establish that data transferability and incentive have high impact on cooperation decisions. Finally, we explain the evolution path of firms’ cooperation decisions and discuss the best options for them to sustain long-term growth and competitiveness. The results provide a basis for firms to decide how best to utilize big data for collaborative innovation, so as to improve customers’ product adoption and reduce costs.

scholarly journals For Sustainable Benefits and Legacies of Mega-Events: A Case Study of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from the Perspective of the Volunteer Co-Creators

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Kim ◽  
Yeongbae Choe ◽  
Daehwan Kim ◽  
Jeongmi (Jamie) Kim
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect

This study examined the outcome of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from multiple perspectives. Tourism and sport researchers have focused on the legacy of mega-events, due to the opportunity they provide to transform a city positively, including through the development of the tourism industry. However, outcomes are not always positive, and the effects differ for every event. The effects of an event can be short-term or long-term. An event, to be truly successful, should aim to have a long-lasting and sustainable positive effect for everyone involved in hosting the event. Additionally, the outcome effects are perceived to be different by each stakeholder of any event. While the roles of volunteers are critical to the success of an event, their perspectives of the event outcomes have been relatively overlooked. Therefore, this study examined the legacy of the 2018 Winter Olympics, as the most recent and unique Olympics (also known as the Peace Olympics), from the perspectives of the volunteers as co-creators. Specifically, volunteers were asked to explain their perceptions of the success of the Olympics. Furthermore, they were asked to identify the legacy of volunteering and the legacy of the Olympics, in order to examine whether volunteers can distinguish the difference between the legacies of volunteering and the Olympics (i.e., event legacy). Using a modified version of content analysis, the results of the volunteer interviews indicated that volunteers identified the legacies of volunteering on a more personal level, emphasizing personal experience, while they identified the legacies of the Olympics on a community and national level.

scholarly journals The future of Wallace region in Lombok: the pristine natural resource under climatic and anthropogenic threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
Mahrup ◽  
M Ma’shum ◽  
MH Idris ◽  
Fahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Natural Scene ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Future ◽  
World Class ◽  
Potential Impact

Abstract Wallace region is mostly comprised of the southeast archipelagoes of Indonesia, namely West and East Nusa Tenggara. Lombok is a west border of the Wallace line which biologically delineate the distinguished fauna and climate in the eastern Indonesia. However, the pristine natural resource is under climatic and anthropogenic threat. A case study by means of a Descriptive method was conducted to identify any contradictive use of natural resource leading to environmental degradation, as well as to study ruination impact of climate uncertainty. Long term satellite images of Lombok from 1980’s up to the latest date were traced to identify any changes in land cover, land use and settlement. Climate data were analyzed to find its trend and forecast its potential impact on the environment. Overall, the results showed that the pristine environments, namely forests, hillocks and cliffs, particularly in tourism destination sites had been accordingly overburdened by contradictive use of resources. Lack of law enforcements in environmental protection was a key point to be addressed as a major factor resulted in losses of the most valuable value of Lombok natural scene. In addition, manmade disaster is becoming more frequent with climate change commonly accused. In conclusion, the future of the natural resource in Lombok would not be merely relied on world class facilities of tourism industry, but on to what extend effort to naturally sustain the beauty of natural scene, stop degrading the lands and be responsible to protect environment in line with regional development.

scholarly journals An Economic Instrument to Address Beach Wrack

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Jan Stenis ◽  
Varvara Sachpazidou ◽  
William Hogland
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Economic Instrument

ObjectivesThis article introduces a practical, economic instrument based on the Naturally Optimised Revenue Demand in Communities, the NORDIC model, to improve the management of beach wrack. Tourism is an important sector in a country’s or region’s economy, as it generates employment and business opportunities. Verifiably, sandy shorelines have served as areas for amusement and as attractions upon which tourism advancement has been based. The accumulations of beach wrack result in a significant decrease in the recreational value of a coastal area. The decomposition of beach wrack emits an unpleasant odor, as it releases essential nitrate, phosphate and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In this investigation, we provide coastal communities with a powerful tool to address the harmful damage inflicted on their beaches, by marine biomass mounds.MethodsWe adapted the NORDIC model and used a case study to illustrate how the adapted NORDIC model could alleviate the municipalities’ burden, caused by beach wrack.ResultsThe application of a versatile tool, the NORDIC model, by various managers in manage and promote a sustainable use of beach wrack would boost the tourism industry in coastal areas.ConclusionsWe recommend the application of the NORDIC model to beach wrack management in general, and in particular to the tourism sector, to enhance the economic value of attractive shores. Future research should focus on developing additional algorithms for valuation of specific kinds of beach wrack.

scholarly journals TOURISTS AND LOCAL COMMUNITY OF THE CASE STUDY AQABA SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE AUTHORITY (ASEZA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-498
Author(s):  
Omar A.A. JAWABREH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Host Culture ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
One Year

The research aims to examine the shared effect of tourism in Aqaba and the Jordanian host culture. Despite the presence of preferences and developments in tourism opportunities and problems, despite the fact that these circumstances are marked by, uncertainty, and personal shifts, the local community's behaviour and attitudes towards the tourism industry are highly dependent on them. A questionnaire was circulated to a group of (1200) people living in Aqaba to accomplish this goal. From 1/1/2019 until 30/12/2019, the allocation and restitution took one year, taking into account the low and high tourism seasons. In order to assess the most important facets of the socio-cultural and economic impacts of tourism in these regions, the questionnaire was circulated to the survey participants in order to measure attitudes towards tourism. This analysis is an exploratory, empirical study that follows the process of obtaining and reviewing knowledge to draw conclusions. To assess the degree of significance for the study questions, the researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-test and ANOVA test. The findings revealed that the economic sub-scale was the highest degree of attitudes towards tourism, while the lowest was the social sub-scale. This research provides a better understanding of the social and cultural effects of tourism and the host culture in Jordan, in order to establish a holistic growth of sustainable tourism in Aqaba. It is possible to submit and further test the new model at another destination in Jordan.

scholarly journals Largest global shark biomass found in the northern Galápagos Islands of Darwin and Wolf

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelayo Salinas de León ◽  
David Acuña-Marrero ◽  
Etienne Rastoin ◽  
Alan M Friedlander ◽  
Mary K Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Dive Tourism ◽  
Galapagos Marine Reserve

Overfishing has dramatically depleted sharks and other large predatory fishes worldwide except for a few remote and/or well-protected areas. The islands of Darwin and Wolf in the far north of the Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) are known for their large shark abundance, making them a global scuba diving and conservation hotspot. Here we report quantitative estimates of fish abundance at Darwin and Wolf over two consecutive years using stereo-video surveys, which reveal the largest reef fish biomass ever reported (17.5 t ha-1 on average), consisting largely of sharks. Despite this, the abundance of reef fishes around the GMR, such as groupers, has been severely reduced because of unsustainable fishing practices. Although Darwin and Wolf are within the GMR, they were not fully protected from fishing until March 2016. Given the ecological value and the economic importance of Darwin and Wolf for the dive tourism industry, the current protection should ensure the long-term conservation of this hotspot of unique global value.

Introduction to the Multilevel Approach to Competitiveness in the Global Tourism Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sérgio Jesus Teixeira ◽  
Joao J. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

The search for understanding the multilevel approach to competitiveness in the global tourism industry has led to a separation of approaches such as the characteristics of the general and competitive environment. The globalization, the companies' transformation, the emergence of the digital company, and the evolution of the tourism and hospitality industry represent four powerful drivers of change modifying business environments worldwide (Laudon & Laudon, 2007; Salem, 2014). In a world increasingly influenced by globalization, broad markets make it difficult for companies to cope with rapid change and increasing competition using only their skills, capabilities, and resources. As such, it is crucial to establish long-term relationships with other organizations, thus entering networks to help cope with any gaps or difficulties encountered in the markets.

Territorial Planning and Sustainable Development: A Case Study from the APA São Francisco Xavier-SP

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Henrique ◽  
Maria Angélica Toniolo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Abstract This article is a case study from the APA São Francisco Xavier, located in the municipality of São José dos Campos-SP, and aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this UC category as an instrument of territorial planning to fulfill its role of reconciling conservation and socio-economic development, based on the sustainable use of natural resources. This study applied multi-methods - both qualitative and quantitative approaches - using fieldwork, participant observation, questionnaires, and geoprocessing to collect and analyze both primary and secondary data. The results demonstrate that APA promotes conservation, but is not free from threats and does not have effective and permanent means to guarantee the promotion of socio-economic development based on the sustainable use of its natural resources. The study suggests that territorial planning should be articulated between the levels of government, its different agencies, and the local community.

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