scholarly journals Axenic in-vitro cultivation of nineteen peat-moss (Sphagnum L.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology and paludiculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Heck ◽  
Volker M. Lüth ◽  
Matthias Krebs ◽  
Mira Kohl ◽  
Anja Prager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
List Type ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Axenic Cultivation

SummaryThe cultivation of Sphagnum mosses reduces CO2 emissions by rewetting drained peatlands and by substituting peat with renewable biomass. ‘Sphagnum farming’ requires large volumes of founder material, which can only be supplied sustainably by axenic cultivation in bioreactors.We established axenic in-vitro cultures from sporophytes of 19 Sphagnum species collected in Austria, Germany, Latvia, Netherlands, Russia and Sweden, namely S. angustifolium, S. balticum, S. capillifolium, S. centrale, S. compactum, S. cuspidatum, S. fallax, S. fimbriatum, S. fuscum, S. lindbergii, S. medium/divinum, S. palustre, S. papillosum, S. rubellum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum, S. subnitens, S. subfulvum, and S. warnstorfii. These species cover five of the six European Sphagnum sections, namely Acutifolia, Cuspidata, Rigida, Sphagnum and Squarrosa.Their growth was measured in axenic suspension cultures, whereas their ploidy was determined by flow cytometry and compared with the genome size of Physcomitrella patens. We identified haploid and diploid Sphagnum species, found that their cells are predominantly arrested in the G1-phase of the cell cycle, and did not find a correlation between plant productivity and ploidy.With this collection, high-quality founder material for diverse large-scale applications but also for basic Sphagnum research is available from the International Moss Stock Center (IMSC).

scholarly journals Axenic in vitro cultivation of 19 peat moss ( Sphagnum L.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology, and paludiculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 861-876
Author(s):  
Melanie A. Heck ◽  
Volker M. Lüth ◽  
Nico Gessel ◽  
Matthias Krebs ◽  
Mira Kohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peat Moss ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Basic Biology

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulators in the in Vitro Cultivation of Acmella oleracea (L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Nastassja Kimberlly Lima ◽  
Eloisa Schneider Da Silva ◽  
Rayane Monique Sete Da Cruz ◽  
Pedro Henrique Riboldi Monteiro ◽  
Glacy Jaqueline Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation

Acmella oleracea is a tropical plant, typical of the northern region of Brazil. The species belongs to the Asteraceae family and has great therapeutic, pharmacological and industrial potential. A limiting factor for the production of this species on a large scale is the short life cycle. The tissue culture programs use synthetic hormones based on cytokinins, such as kinetin and benzylaminopurine (BAP) and auxins such as naphthalene acetic acid (ANA). The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of growth regulators on the production of Acmella oleracea "in vitro". The experimental test was carried out with control (C), without the addition of growth regulators and five treatments, composed of: (T1) 0.1; (T2) 0.3; (T3) 0.5 mg L-1 kinetin; (T4) 0.1 mg L-1 of BAP and ANA; (T5) 0.5 mg L-1 of BAP and ANA. The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a factorial arrangement with six treatments, three blocks and twenty-five repetitions per block. The evaluated parameters were: germination, root formation, aerial part length, root length, aerial part fresh mass and root fresh mass, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (p <0.05) and compared using the Tukey test. The results showed that kinetin positively contributed to seed germination and aerial part dry mass development. Treatment 1 had the best results for the parameters root length, shoot length and root dry mass.

scholarly journals Plant Pellets: A Compatible Vegan Feedstock for Preparation of Plant-Based Culture Media and Production of Value-Added Biomass of Rhizobia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8389
Author(s):  
Hassan-Sibroe A. Daanaa ◽  
Mennatullah Abdou ◽  
Hanan A. Goda ◽  
Mohamed T. Abbas ◽  
Mervat A. Hamza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Generation Times ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol

Although plant-based culture media enhances in vitro cultivation of rhizobacteria, studies assessing their biomass potential for large-scale applications are lacking. Here, we advance plant pellets (PPs) as a novel technology to unlock the potential of such vegan culture media for biomass production of Rhizobium leguminosarum. PP formulations were based on mixtures of Egyptian clover powder and the agro-byproducts glycerol and molasses. These mixtures were either contained or not contained in teabags during culture media preparation. Metrics of biomass included colony forming units, optical density (OD600nm), and cell dry weight (DW). Biomass comparisons between culture media based on PPs and standard yeast extract mannitol (YEM) revealed that the following PPs composition, contained in teabags, cultivated rhizobia at levels comparable to YEM: 16 g clover powder, 5% molasses, and 0.8% glycerol. This PPs composition enabled shorter generation times of rhizobia (PP: 3.83 h, YEM: 4.28 h). Strikingly, PPs mixtures supplemented with 10% molasses and not contained in teabags promoted rhizobia without apparent lag phases and produced 25% greater DW than YEM. PPs potentiate the use of dehydrated vegan feedstocks for both plant microbiota cultivation and biomass production and appear as cost- and labor-effective tools, easy to handle and store for plant-based culture media preparation.

INDUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CALLUS OF THE OIL PALM HYBRID MANICORÉ

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlúcia Souza Pádua Vilela ◽  
Jéssica de Castro e Andrade ◽  
Raíssa Silveira Santos ◽  
Vanessa Cristina Stein ◽  
Patrick Callegari Magnani Santos Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

ABSTRACT Large-scale oil palm propagation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is difficult due to its unique apical meristem. In this context, micropropagation allows the multiplication of seedlings in vitro and the storage of germplasm elites. This study aimed to induce embryogenic calluses from leaves of oil palm plants in low concentrations of auxins and to observe the maintenance of these characteristics during in vitro cultivation. Calluses were induced in 0.5 cm leaf explants in Y3 culture medium supplemented with Picloram (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) or 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9 mg L-1. The callus with embryogenic appearance was subcultured and evaluated regarding maintenance of embryogenic characteristics by cytochemical analyses. The best treatment for induction of calluses was composed of 1mg.L-1 of Picloram, which led to 30% callus formation. The calluses were classified into4 types, based on color and morphology. The cells of calluses with nodular and beige appearance have embryogenic characteristics, and the embryogenic potential of the cell masses was maintained over the 20 months of cultivation. This differentiated adaptation to the protocol can allow the advance in the mass propagation of oil palm through tissue culture, indicating the importance of investigating the topics proposed by the research.

scholarly journals Aspects of Clonal Micropropagation and Conservation of Plants in vitro

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Victoria Samarskaya ◽  
Elena Malaeva ◽  
Margarita Postnova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Genetic Fidelity ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Agricultural Plant

Despite more than a century of research on effective biotechnological methods to reproduce various plant species, microclonal reproduction continues to be an important tool for large-scale production. The clonal seedlings of important species maintain genetic fidelity and do not contain pests. In some cases, microclonal propagation is the only method that contributes to the maintenance and economic value of specific agricultural plant species. Microclonal reproduction as a method has solved many phytosanitary problems and has allowed both expansion and access to high-quality plants for producers from different countries and economic conditions, thus effectively contributing to the expansion of agriculture now and in the foreseeable future. Currently, this method is widely used in the creation of planting material for crops for agriculture and cultivation of crops of industrial floriculture, fruit, berry crops and woody plants. Thanks to this method, it is possible to create in vitro banks of rare and valuable plant genotypes. Modern technologies of clonal micro-multiplication are at the stage of industrial flow, which quickly responds to market demands. The analysis of domestic and foreign sources of scientific research on microclonal plant propagation has shown that, at the present time, the cost of its use is quite high and requires the presence of laboratories with appropriate equipment and highly qualified staff. Modification and adaptation of the method of microclonal reproduction of plants contributes to the implementation of the morphogenetic potential, determines the specific features of the source material, the type of explant, its physiological state, the composition of nutrient media, and cultivation conditions. At the same time, the cultivation of healthy plants will significantly increase the yield of valuable agricultural products and high adaptive properties of healthy plants that allow them to be cultivated with less chemicals, which will significantly increase their nutritional value and give a greater opportunity to obtain organic products with high-quality characteristics.

Attenuation of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana following serial in vitro transfers

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Safavi
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Hyphal Development ◽  
Fungus Beauveria Bassiana

AbstractStability of pathogenicity in continuous in vitro cultivation is desirable for the purpose of large-scale production of a mycoinsecticide. Fungal biocontrol agents may lose virulence when maintain on artificial media, resulting in products of commercially inferior quality. In this research, two isolates (DEBI007 and DEBI008) of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were investigated for their stability following fifteen serial in vitro transfers assaying virulence to mealworm larvae, conidiation, and hyphal development on artificial culture as some fungal virulence determinants. Moreover, role of insect cuticle on fungal virulence restoration and protease 1 (Pr1) activity was considered as the most important factor. Although radial hyphal development and colony colour on in vitro culture was not affected following serial transfers, conidiation and Pr1 activity of both fungal isolates were reduced remarkably after fifteen transfers compared with control. Similarly, mean lethal concentration (LC50) values were increased as the number of serial transfers on artificial diet increased, although these increases were not statistically significant in both isolates as the confidential limits of LC50 values were overlapping. Our results revealed that attenuation of entomopathogenic fungi following serial in vitro transfers is a combination of interconnected factors. Other probable components such as pathogenicity determinants in this interaction should be explored in next researches.

scholarly journals Spatially confined sub-tumor microenvironments orchestrate pancreatic cancer pathobiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara T Grünwald ◽  
Antoine Devisme ◽  
Geoffroy Andrieux ◽  
Foram Vyas ◽  
Kazeera Aliar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Regional Heterogeneity ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments

SummaryPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains resistant to most treatments and demonstrates a complex pathobiology. Here, we deconvolute regional heterogeneity in the human PDAC tumor microenvironment (TME), a long-standing obstacle, to define precise stromal contributions to PDAC progression. Large scale integration of histology-guided multiOMICs with clinical data sets and functional in vitro models uncovers two microenvironmental programs in PDAC that were anchored in fibroblast differentiation states. These sub-tumor microenvironments (subTMEs) co-occurred intratumorally and were spatially confined, producing patient-specific cellular and molecular heterogeneity associated with shortened patient survival. Each subTME was uniquely structured to support discrete aspects of tumor biology: reactive regions rich in activated fibroblast communities were immune-hot and promoted aggressive tumor progression while deserted regions enriched in extracellular matrix supported tumor differentiation yet were markedly chemoprotective. In conclusion, PDAC regional heterogeneity derives from biologically distinct reactive and protective TME elements with a defined, active role in PDAC progression.Graphical Abstract & Key findingsPDAC regional heterogeneity originates in sub-tumor microenvironments (subTMEs)SubTMEs exhibit distinct immune phenotypes and CAF differentiation statesDifferent subTMEs are either tumor-promoting or chemoprotectiveIntratumoral subTME co-occurrence links stromal heterogeneity to patient outcome

scholarly journals Utilization of the biorreactor of imersion by bubbles at the micropropagation of Ananas comosus L. Merril

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gessiel Newton Scheidt ◽  
Andréa Haruko Arakaki ◽  
Jacqueline Sugitani Chimilovski ◽  
Augustus Caeser Franke Portella ◽  
Michele Rigon Spier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Nutritive Solution

The research for new techniques of in vitro cultivation is being object of many studies around the world, in order to optimize and decrease production costs of seedlings with agronomical interest. The main goal of this work was to compare different systems of in vitro cultivations using Ananas comosus L. Merril. So, the in vitro growth of the plantlets was promoted in two different bioreactors: Bioreactor of Immersion by Bubbles (B.I.B.®) and the Reactor of Temporary Immersion (R.I.T.A.®) with immersion cycle every 2 hours for 15 minutes and the traditional system in flasks with 200 mL. All cultivation systems used the MS liquid nutritive solution, supplemented with BAP (1 mgL-1), ANA (0.25 mgL-1), sucrose (30 gL-1) and Tween 20® (0.5 µL). The pH was adjusted to 5.8 and sterilized at 120°C for 15 minutes. The cultures were kept into a growth room during 30 days, with controlled temperature of 25±2°C, under white cold light (46.8 µmol.m-2.s-1), with photoperiod of 16 hours. The experimental design used was randomized, with three treatments, three repetitions and ten plants each stage. Among the evaluated systems, the BIB® presented the best results for the tested variables, mainly the total number of shoots, being 2.3 e 3.1 times superior when compared with the system R.I.T.A.® and the traditional consecutively. So the system of immersion by bubbles turns into an effective equipment to produce seedlings of pineapple in large scale.

scholarly journals PharmacoDB: an integrative database for miningin vitrodrug screening studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Smirnov ◽  
Victor Kofia ◽  
Alexander Maru ◽  
Mark Freeman ◽  
Chantal Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
List Type ◽  
Pharmacogenomic Studies

ABSTRACTRecent pharmacogenomic studies profiled large panels of cancer cell lines against hundreds of approved drugs and experimental chemical compounds. The overarching goal of these screens is to measure sensitivity of cell lines to chemical perturbation, correlate these measures to genomic features, and thereby develop novel predictors of drug response. However, leveraging this valuable data is challenging due to the lack of standards for annotating cell lines and chemical compounds, and quantifying drug response. Moreover, it has been recently shown that the complexity and complementarity of the experimental protocols used in the field result in high levels of technical and biological variation in thein vitropharmacological profiles. There is therefore a need for new tools to facilitate rigorous comparison and integrative analysis of large-scale drug screening datasets. To address this issue, we have developed PharmacoDB (pharmacodb.pmgenomics.ca), a database integrating the largest pharmacogenomic studies published to date. Here, we describe how the curation of cell line and chemical compound identifiers maximizes the overlap between datasets and how users can leverage such data to compare and extract robust drug phenotypes. PharmacoDB provides a unique resource to mine a compendium of curated pharmacogenomic datasets that are otherwise disparate and difficult to integrate.Key pointsCuration of cell line and drug identifiers in the largest pharmacogenomic studies published to dateUniform processing of drug sensitivity data to reduce heterogeneity across studiesMultiple drug response summary metrics enabling visual comparison and integrative analysis

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