scholarly journals Multiple lineages, same molecular basis: task specialization is commonly regulated across all eusocial bee groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia de Souza Araujo ◽  
Maria Cristina Arias
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Task Specialization ◽  
Nucleotide Context ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula ◽  
Gene Expression Correlation ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractA striking feature of advanced insect societies is the existence of workers that forgo reproduction. Two broad types of workers exist in eusocial bees: nurses which care for their young siblings and the queen, and foragers who guard the nest and forage for food. Comparisons between this two worker subcastes have been performed in honeybees, but data from other bees are scarce. To understand whether similar molecular mechanisms are involved in nurse-forager differences across distinct species, we compared gene expression and DNA methylation profiles between nurses and foragers of the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris and of the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula. These datasets were then discussed comparatively to previous findings on honeybees. Our analyses revealed that although the expression pattern of genes is often species-specific, many of the biological processes and molecular pathways involved are common. Moreover, DNA methylation and gene expression correlation were dependent on the nucleotide context.

scholarly journals Gene expression and epigenetics reveal species-specific mechanisms acting upon common molecular pathways in the evolution of task division in bees

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia de Souza Araujo ◽  
Maria Cristina Arias
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Task Specialization ◽  
Nucleotide Context ◽  
Tetragonisca Angustula ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractA striking feature of advanced insect societies is the existence of workers that forgo reproduction. Two broad types of workers exist in eusocial bees: nurses who care for their young siblings and the queen, and foragers who guard the nest and forage for food. Comparisons between these two worker subcastes have been performed in honeybees, but data from other bees are scarce. To understand whether similar molecular mechanisms are involved in nurse-forager differences across distinct species, we compared gene expression and DNA methylation profiles between nurses and foragers of the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris and the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula. These datasets were then compared to previous findings from honeybees. Our analyses revealed that although the expression pattern of genes is often species-specific, many of the biological processes and molecular pathways involved are common. Moreover, the correlation between gene expression and DNA methylation was dependent on the nucleotide context, and non-CG methylation appeared to be a relevant factor in the behavioral changes of the workers. In summary, task specialization in worker bees is characterized by a plastic and mosaic molecular pattern, with species-specific mechanisms acting upon broad common pathways across species.

scholarly journals Cell–cell coupling and DNA methylation abnormal phenotypes in the after-hours mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Tinarelli ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Ilaria Colombi ◽  
Erica Barini ◽  
Edoardo Balzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
After Hours ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background DNA methylation has emerged as an important epigenetic regulator of brain processes, including circadian rhythms. However, how DNA methylation intervenes between environmental signals, such as light entrainment, and the transcriptional and translational molecular mechanisms of the cellular clock is currently unknown. Here, we studied the after-hours mice, which have a point mutation in the Fbxl3 gene and a lengthened circadian period. Methods In this study, we used a combination of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches. We measured retinal responses in Afh animals and we have run reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS), pyrosequencing and gene expression analysis in a variety of brain tissues ex vivo. In vitro, we used primary neuronal cultures combined to micro electrode array (MEA) technology and gene expression. Results We observed functional impairments in mutant neuronal networks, and a reduction in the retinal responses to light-dependent stimuli. We detected abnormalities in the expression of photoreceptive melanopsin (OPN4). Furthermore, we identified alterations in the DNA methylation pathways throughout the retinohypothalamic tract terminals and links between the transcription factor Rev-Erbα and Fbxl3. Conclusions The results of this study, primarily represent a contribution towards an understanding of electrophysiological and molecular phenotypic responses to external stimuli in the Afh model. Moreover, as DNA methylation has recently emerged as a new regulator of neuronal networks with important consequences for circadian behaviour, we discuss the impact of the Afh mutation on the epigenetic landscape of circadian biology.

scholarly journals Methylation pattern polymorphism of cyp19a in Nile tilapia and hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowu Chen ◽  
Yonghua Zhao ◽  
Yudong He ◽  
Jinliang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Pattern Polymorphism ◽  
Fish Hybrids

AbstractSkewed sex development is prevalent in fish hybrids. However, the histological observation and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we showed that the interspecific hybrids of the two fish species, Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus, had a male ratio of 98.02%. Microscopic examination revealed that the gonads of both male and female hybrids were developmentally retarded. Compared with the ovaries, the testes of both O. niloticus and hybrids showed higher DNA methylation level in two selected regions in the promoter of cyp19a, the gonadal aromatase gene that converts androgens into estrogens, cyp19a showed higher level gene expression in the ovary than in the testis in both O. niloticus and hybrid tilapia. Methylation and gene expression level of cyp19a were negative correlation between the testis and ovary. Gene transcription was suppressed by the methylation of the cyp19a promoter in vitro. While there is no obvious difference of the methylation level in testis or ovary between O. niloticus and hybrids. Thus, the DNA methylation of the promoter of cyp19a may be an essential component of the sex maintenance, but not a determinant of high male ratio and developmental retardation of gonads in tilapia hybrids.

scholarly journals Smoking-related changes in DNA methylation and gene expression are associated with cardio-metabolic traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana C. E. Maas ◽  
Michelle M. J. Mens ◽  
Brigitte Kühnel ◽  
Joyce B. J. van Meurs ◽  
André G. Uitterlinden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Versus Gene ◽  
Metabolic Trait ◽  
Metabolic Traits

Abstract Background Tobacco smoking is a well-known modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). One of the proposed underlying mechanism linking smoking to disease is via epigenetic modifications, which could affect the expression of disease-associated genes. Here, we conducted a three-way association study to identify the relationship between smoking-related changes in DNA methylation and gene expression and their associations with cardio-metabolic traits. Results We selected 2549 CpG sites and 443 gene expression probes associated with current versus never smokers, from the largest epigenome-wide association study and transcriptome-wide association study to date. We examined three-way associations, including CpG versus gene expression, cardio-metabolic trait versus CpG, and cardio-metabolic trait versus gene expression, in the Rotterdam study. Subsequently, we replicated our findings in The Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study. After correction for multiple testing, we identified both cis- and trans-expression quantitative trait methylation (eQTM) associations in blood. Specifically, we found 1224 smoking-related CpGs associated with at least one of the 443 gene expression probes, and 200 smoking-related gene expression probes to be associated with at least one of the 2549 CpGs. Out of these, 109 CpGs and 27 genes were associated with at least one cardio-metabolic trait in the Rotterdam Study. We were able to replicate the associations with cardio-metabolic traits of 26 CpGs and 19 genes in the KORA study. Furthermore, we identified a three-way association of triglycerides with two CpGs and two genes (GZMA; CLDND1), and BMI with six CpGs and two genes (PID1; LRRN3). Finally, our results revealed the mediation effect of cg03636183 (F2RL3), cg06096336 (PSMD1), cg13708645 (KDM2B), and cg17287155 (AHRR) within the association between smoking and LRRN3 expression. Conclusions Our study indicates that smoking-related changes in DNA methylation and gene expression are associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors. These findings may provide additional insights into the molecular mechanisms linking smoking to the development of CVD.

152 SPECIES-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN THE METHYLATION REPROGRAMMING DURING EARLY PRE-IMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
S. Canovas ◽  
E. Ivanova ◽  
S. Garcia-Martinez ◽  
R. Romar ◽  
N. Fonseca-Balvis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Species Specific

Studies in mouse and human have shown extensive DNA methylation reprogramming in pre-implantation development followed by remethylation from implantation. However, the extent to which such reprogramming is conserved in mammals and the timing of demethylation and remethylation are unknown. As part of a major objective to characterise methylation dynamics in the bovine and porcine species from the oocyte to the blastocyst stage, we aimed here to compare the distribution of methylation at single-base resolution in both species at Day 7.5 of development. The DNA methylation profiles were obtained from individual blastocysts at Day 7.5 [pig: 3 in vivo, 3 in vitro; cow: 3 in vivo, 3 in vitro, 3 inner cell mass (ICM) and 3 trophoectoderm (TE) dissected from in vitro blastocysts] using the post-bisulphite adaptor tagging method and Illumina sequencing. For oocytes, data (GEO: GSE63330) from Schroeder et al. 2015 were analysed. Raw sequences were mapped, methylation calls made using Bismark and data analysis and visualisation was done within the SeqMonk platform. Gene expression profiles from individual blastocysts (3 pig, 3 cow) were obtained by RNA-seq. Annotated mRNA features were quantitated in SeqMonk and these were fed into DESeq2 for differential expression analysis (P < 0.05) as previously reported (Love et al. 2014 Genome Biol. 15, 550). Global methylation levels in whole blastocysts differed substantially between porcine and bovine embryos (in vivo: 12.33 ± 3.6 v. 28.33 ± 3.5%; in vitro: 15.02 ± 3.3 v. 24.41 ± 4.1%). In addition, the distribution of methylation differed: the pattern of cytosine methylated seemed random in the porcine genome, but was highly structured in the bovine genome, with methylation predominantly over gene bodies, resembling the profile previously reported in oocytes (Schroeder et al. 2015 PLoS Genet. 11, e1005442). Regarding correlation analysis, gene expression versus methylation were plotted. It suggested that gene body methylation reflected gene expression pattern in oocytes as well as in bovine blastocysts. Pair-wise comparison of isolated ICM and TE was filtered to require 5% change, and replicate set statistics were applied. This revealed very similar total and regional methylation levels in the 2 compartments, indicating that remethylation does not initiate preferentially in one compartment in bovine pre-implantation embryos. This confirms, from a viewpoint of the genome-wide DNA methylation, what has been observed in mouse for specific genes: the trophoblast-specific DNA methylation occurs after the segregation of the TE and ICM (Nakanishi et al. 2012 Epigenetics 7, 173–183). Our study is the first to provide whole genome methylation profiles from single blastocysts of economically important livestock species. Our data demonstrate that methylation reprogramming in early pre-implantation development is species specific. Knowledge of these specific patterns may have high importance when decisions are taken regarding the use of assisted reproductive technologies, cloning, or generation of transgenic animals. This work was funded by AGL2015–66341-R (MINECO-FEDER), PRX14/00348 (MECD), 19595/EE/14 (F. Séneca).

scholarly journals Evolution of imprinting via lineage-specific insertion of retroviral promoters

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron B. Bogutz ◽  
Julie Brind’Amour ◽  
Hisato Kobayashi ◽  
Kristoffer N. Jensen ◽  
Kazuhiko Nakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Imprinted Genes ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanism ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Parental Allele ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Human Specific

AbstractImprinted genes are expressed from a single parental allele, with the other allele often silenced by DNA methylation (DNAme) established in the germline. While species-specific imprinted orthologues have been documented, the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolutionary switch from biallelic to imprinted expression are unknown. During mouse oogenesis, gametic differentially methylated regions (gDMRs) acquire DNAme in a transcription-guided manner. Here we show that oocyte transcription initiating in lineage-specific endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) is likely responsible for DNAme establishment at 4/6 mouse-specific and 17/110 human-specific imprinted gDMRs. The latter are divided into Catarrhini- or Hominoidea-specific gDMRs embedded within transcripts initiating in ERVs specific to these primate lineages. Strikingly, imprinting of the maternally methylated genes Impact and Slc38a4 was lost in the offspring of female mice harboring deletions of the relevant murine-specific ERVs upstream of these genes. Our work reveals an evolutionary mechanism whereby maternally silenced genes arise from biallelically expressed progenitors.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Link between Diet and DNA Methylation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Zehra Kadayifci ◽  
Shasha Zheng ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
The One

DNA methylation is a vital modification process in the control of genetic information, which contributes to the epigenetics by regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Abnormal DNA methylation—both hypomethylation and hypermethylation—has been associated with improper gene expression, leading to several disorders. Two types of risk factors can alter the epigenetic regulation of methylation pathways: genetic factors and modifiable factors. Nutrition is one of the strongest modifiable factors, which plays a direct role in DNA methylation pathways. Large numbers of studies have investigated the effects of nutrition on DNA methylation pathways, but relatively few have focused on the biochemical mechanisms. Understanding the biological mechanisms is essential for clarifying how nutrients function in epigenetics. It is believed that nutrition affects the epigenetic regulations of DNA methylation in several possible epigenetic pathways: mainly, by altering the substrates and cofactors that are necessary for proper DNA methylation; additionally, by changing the activity of enzymes regulating the one-carbon cycle; and, lastly, through there being an epigenetic role in several possible mechanisms related to DNA demethylation activity. The aim of this article is to review the potential underlying biochemical mechanisms that are related to diet modifications in DNA methylation and demethylation.

scholarly journals Intrauterine calorie restriction affects placental DNA methylation and gene expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (14) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pao-Yang Chen ◽  
Amit Ganguly ◽  
Liudmilla Rubbi ◽  
Luz D. Orozco ◽  
Marco Morselli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
Successive Generations

Maternal nutrient restriction causes the development of adult onset chronic diseases in the intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetus. Investigations in mice have shown that either protein or calorie restriction during pregnancy leads to glucose intolerance, increased fat mass, and hypercholesterolemia in adult male offspring. Some of these phenotypes are shown to persist in successive generations. The molecular mechanisms underlying IUGR remain unclear. The placenta is a critical organ for mediating changes in the environment and the development of embryos. To shed light on molecular mechanisms that might affect placental responses to differing environments we examined placentas from mice that had been exposed to different diets. We measured gene expression and whole genome DNA methylation in both male and female placentas of mice exposed to either caloric restriction or ad libitum diets. We observed several differentially expressed pathways associated with IUGR phenotypes and, most importantly, a significant decrease in the overall methylation between these groups as well as sex-specific effects that are more pronounced in males. In addition, a set of significantly differentially methylated genes that are enriched for known imprinted genes were identified, suggesting that imprinted loci may be particularly susceptible to diet effects. Lastly, we identified several differentially methylated microRNAs that target genes associated with immunological, metabolic, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and neurological chronic diseases, as well as genes responsible for transplacental nutrient transfer and fetal development.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliki Kapazoglou ◽  
Eleni Tani ◽  
Evangelia V. Avramidou ◽  
Eleni M. Abraham ◽  
Maria Gerakari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Woody Crop

Plant grafting is an ancient agricultural practice widely employed in crops such as woody fruit trees, grapes, and vegetables, in order to improve plant performance. Successful grafting requires the interaction of compatible scion and rootstock genotypes. This involves an intricate network of molecular mechanisms operating at the graft junction and associated with the development and the physiology of the scion, ultimately leading to improved agricultural characteristics such as fruit quality and increased tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic factors. Bidirectional transfer of molecular signals such as hormones, nutrients, proteins, and nucleic acids from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa have been well documented. In recent years, studies on rootstock-scion interactions have proposed the existence of an epigenetic component in grafting reactions. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and the action of small RNA molecules are known to modulate chromatin architecture, leading to gene expression changes and impacting cellular function. Mobile small RNAs (siRNAs) migrating across the graft union from the rootstock to the scion and vice versa mediate modifications in the DNA methylation pattern of the recipient partner, leading to altered chromatin structure and transcriptional reprogramming. Moreover, graft-induced DNA methylation changes and gene expression shifts in the scion have been associated with variations in graft performance. If these changes are heritable they can lead to stably altered phenotypes and affect important agricultural traits, making grafting an alternative to breeding for the production of superior plants with improved traits. However, most reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying this process comprise studies related to vegetable grafting. In this review we will provide a comprehensive presentation of the current knowledge on the epigenetic changes and transcriptional reprogramming associated with the rootstock–scion interaction focusing on woody plant species, including the recent findings arising from the employment of advanced—omics technologies as well as transgrafting methodologies and their potential exploitation for generating superior quality grafts in woody species. Furthermore, will discuss graft—induced heritable epigenetic changes leading to novel plant phenotypes and their implication to woody crop improvement for yield, quality, and stress resilience, within the context of climate change.

scholarly journals Integrated Analysis of Methylome and Transcriptome Following Developmental Atrazine Exposure in Zebrafish Reveals Aberrant Gene-Specific Methylation of Neuroendocrine and Reproductive Pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bryan ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Junkai Xie ◽  
Janiel Ahkin Chin Tai ◽  
Katharine A. Horzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Aberrant Methylation ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Differentially Methylated Genes ◽  
Genome Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Aberrant Gene

ABSTRACTAtrazine (ATZ) is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. Previous studies have hypothesized the role of ATZ as an endocrine disruptor (EDC), and developmental exposure to ATZ has been shown to lead to behavioral and morphological alterations. Specific epigenetic mechanisms responsible for these alterations, however, are yet to be elucidated. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to 0.3, 3, and 30 ppb (µg/L) of ATZ for 72 hours post fertilization. We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to assess the effects of developmental ATZ exposure on DNA methylation in female fish brains. The number of differentially methylated genes (DMG) increase with increasing dose of treatments. DMGs are enriched in neurological pathways with extensive methylation changes consistently observed in neuroendocrine and reproductive pathways. To assess the effects of DNA methylation on gene expression, we integrated our data with transcriptomic data. Four genes, namely CHD9, FRAS1, PID1, and PCLO, were differentially expressed and methylated in each dose. Overall, this study identifies specific genes and pathways with aberrant methylation and expression following ATZ exposure as targets to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ATZ toxicity and presents ATZ-induced site-specific DNA methylation as a potential mechanism driving aberrant gene expression.

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