scholarly journals The Relationship between Cannabis Use and Cognition in People with Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Jordan Walter ◽  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
Jared W. Young ◽  
Mark A. Geyer ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBipolar disorder (BD) and cannabis use are highly comorbid and are each associated with cognitive impairment. It is therefore important to understand the relationship between cannabis use and cognition in people with BD, as cannabis use in BD may be associated with greater cognitive impairment. We performed a scoping review to determine how much and what is currently known in this field. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for studies on the relationship between cannabis and cognition in people with BD or relevant animal models. Six observational human studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies found cannabis use in BD was associated with better performance in some cognitive domains, while three studies found no association. One study found cannabis use in BD was associated with worse overall cognition. Overall, most identified studies suggest cannabis use is not associated with significant cognitive impairment in BD; however, the scope of knowledge in this field is limited, and more systematic studies are clearly required. Future studies should focus on longitudinal and experimental trials, as well as well-controlled observational studies with rigorous quantification of the onset, frequency, quantity, duration, and type of cannabis use.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cannabis Use on Cognitive Function in Healthy Aging: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
T Jordan Walter ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
Jared W Young ◽  
Mark A Geyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chronic Doses

Abstract Background Older adults (≥50 years) represent the fastest-growing population of people who use cannabis, potentially due to the increasing promotion of cannabis as medicine by dispensaries and cannabis websites. Given healthy aging and cannabis use are both associated with cognitive decline, it is important to establish the effects of cannabis on cognition in healthy aging. Objective This systematic scoping review used preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines to critically examine the extent of literature on this topic and highlight areas for future research. Method A search of six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Family and Society Studies Worldwide, and CINAHL) for articles published by September 2019, yielded 1,014 unique results. Results Six articles reported findings for older populations (three human and three rodent studies), highlighting the paucity of research in this area. Human studies revealed largely null results, likely due to several methodological limitations. Better-controlled rodent studies indicate that the relationship between ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cognitive function in healthy aging depends on age and level of THC exposure. Extremely low doses of THC improved cognition in very old rodents. Somewhat higher chronic doses improved cognition in moderately aged rodents. No studies examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) or high-CBD cannabis on cognition. Conclusions This systematic scoping review provides crucial, timely direction for future research on this emerging issue. Future research that combines neuroimaging and cognitive assessment would serve to advance understanding of the effects of age and quantity of THC and CBD on cognition in healthy aging.

scholarly journals Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (S41) ◽  
pp. s120-s127 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Murphy ◽  
B. J. Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Affective Meaning ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundAlthough the presence of wide-ranging neuropsychological deficits in individuals with major depression is well established, few studies have investigated the nature of cognitive impairment in patients with bipolar disorder.AimsTo review research of the neuropsychology of bipolar disorder, with special attention to the relationship between mood and cognitive functioning.MethodLiterature review.ResultsFindings generally demonstrate mania-related impairments on conventional neuropsychological tests, with direct comparisons of patients with mania and patients with depression failing to find group differences. More recent work has sought to differentiate these disorders by employing tasks with affective components. This research has demonstrated biases for processing positive and negative stimuli in patients with mania and depression, respectively.ConclusionsFuture studies, employing tasks that require cognitive and emotional processing, should improve our understanding of the deficits observed in depression and mania. Neuroimaging studies of the neural regions that underlie cognitive processing of affective meaning suggest that the medial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex may be particularly involved.

scholarly journals Relationship between cognition and frailty in elderly: A systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Gustavo Brigola ◽  
Estefani Serafim Rossetti ◽  
Bruna Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Anita Liberalesso Neri ◽  
Marisa Silvana Zazzetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cognition and frailty in the elderly. METHODS: A systematic review on the currently existing literature concerning the subject was carried out. The search strategy included LILACS, SCOPUS, SciELO, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science databases. RESULTS: A total of 19 studies were selected for review, from which 10 (52.6%) were cross-sectional and 9 (47.4%) longitudinal, and the majority Brazilian. All of the studies established a link between cognition and frailty. There was a relationship between components of frailty and the cognitive domains. Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), dementia and mortality were all evidenced in the relationship between frailty and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: The theory remains limited, but results show the variables that appear to be linked to cognition and frailty in elderly. This data can help in implementing actions to improve the quality of life among elderly.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cannabis Use and Cognition in People with Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 113695
Author(s):  
T. Jordan Walter ◽  
Nina Pocuca ◽  
Jared W. Young ◽  
Mark A. Geyer ◽  
Arpi Minassian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Caffeine and Cognitive Functions in Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Xueyin Fei ◽  
Raúl Domínguez ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Protocols ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive functions are essential in any form of exercise. Recently, interest has mounted in addressing the relationship between caffeine intake and cognitive performance during sports practice. This review examines this relationship through a structured search of the databases Medline/PubMed and Web of Science for relevant articles published in English from August 1999 to March 2020. The study followed PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were defined according to the PICOS model. The identified records reported on randomized cross-over studies in which caffeine intake (as drinks, capsules, energy bars, or gum) was compared to an identical placebo situation. There were no filters on participants’ training level, gender, or age. For the systematic review, 13 studies examining the impacts of caffeine on objective measures of cognitive performance or self-reported cognitive performance were selected. Five of these studies were also subjected to meta-analysis. After pooling data in the meta-analysis, the significant impacts of caffeine only emerged on attention, accuracy, and speed. The results of the 13 studies, nevertheless, suggest that the intake of a low/moderate dose of caffeine before and/or during exercise can improve self-reported energy, mood, and cognitive functions, such as attention; it may also improve simple reaction time, choice reaction time, memory, or fatigue, however, this may depend on the research protocols.

scholarly journals Trapped Between Two Pandemics: Domestic Violence Cases Under COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110221
Author(s):  
Endurance Uzobo ◽  
Aboluwaji D Ayinmoro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Biomed Central ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Background As it is common with the most devastating events in the world, women always seem to be at the most disadvantage position. This situation manifested during the period of COVID-19 lockdown throughout the world and Africa in particular. The purpose of this study is to explore Domestic Violence (DV) cases in African during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data for this study were gleaned from an electronic literature search using various databases PubMed and BioMed Central, Web of Science, etc. Key search words were gender DV during and after COVID-19. A total of 68 records were identified during the search. However, only 46 of these sources met the inclusion criteria. Results From the review done in selected African countries which include Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Ghana and Zimbabwe; it was discovered that COVID-19 lockdown across these countries worsens the already existing cases of DV. The study also noted that generally, the response of the government has been very poor in terms of dealing with DV cases in the period of COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusion The study concluded that despite the failures of government in tackling the DV pandemics, NGOs have been very active in championing the cause of those violated while also trying to provide succour to victims. Thus, the study recommended that countries in Africa need to join international initiatives in prioritising DV cases while trying to deal with the virus itself. Thus, one disease should not be traded for another.

A Review of the Benefits and Barriers to Postsecondary Education for Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 002246692110133
Author(s):  
Chung Eun Lee ◽  
Julie Lounds Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Program Engagement

Postsecondary educational programs (PSEs) are increasingly an option for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This scoping review synthesized research to understand the impacts of these programs for students with IDD and for campus, and barriers to these programs across stages of engagement (exploration, participation, completion). Studies were identified by searching PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, and Web of Science databases and reference lists of included articles. Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Multiple benefits were identified for students with IDD and campus. Persistent barriers across all stages of program engagement included lack of funding and lack of collaboration. Barriers specific to stages included lack of knowledge, options, individualized support, integration into campus, and transportation. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Lutein Intake and Blood Lutein Concentration Are Positively Associated with Physical Activity in Adults: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeline Cooke ◽  
Alison Coates ◽  
Elizabeth Buckley ◽  
Jonathan Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
The Relationship

Lutein is a carotenoid that reduces the risk of some chronic diseases, possibly by altering physical activity behavior. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies examining the relationship between lutein status (dietary intake/blood concentration) and physical activity. Peer-reviewed studies published in Medline, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and Embase were included if they reported a measure of association between lutein status and physical activity. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Eleven reported positive associations, three reported mixed results, and three reported no association. Two studies used objective measures of lutein status (blood concentration) and physical activity (accelerometry) and reported positive associations, with correlations of ≥0.36 and differences of ≥57% in physical activity between upper and lower tertiles. Studies using self-report measures reported weaker correlations (r = 0.06 to 0.25), but still more physical activity (18% to ≥600% higher) in those with the highest compared with the lowest lutein status. Higher lutein status may be associated with higher levels of physical activity, which may contribute to a reduced risk of chronic disease.

A Scoping Review of Technology-Based Vocational Interventions for Autistic Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 216514342110416
Author(s):  
So Yoon Kim ◽  
Shannon Crowley ◽  
Youngsun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Video Modeling ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Transferable Skills ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recommendations For Practice

This scoping review synthesized existing literature to address what is known about technology-based employment interventions for autistic individuals and how these interventions were conducted. A systematic multi-database search yielded 48 studies (362 participants; mean age = 20.5 years; 85.3% male) that met the inclusion criteria. Phones/tablets were used most frequently; 33 studies used technological devices for video modeling and/or prompting independently or alongside cueing or feedback. Most interventions were effective in improving job-specific, transferable, and interview skills of autistic individuals. Future studies are needed to examine whether these interventions lead to generalized outcomes and employment opportunities. We also offer recommendations for practice focused on teaching transition-aged students digital literacy skills and transferable skills for a wide range of job options.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AMONG U.S. CHINESE OLDER ADULTS: DOES SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT MATTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S929-S929
Author(s):  
Dexia Kong ◽  
XinQi Dong
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The increasing diversity in U.S. aging population warrants improved understanding of risk factors of cognitive aging in minority populations. This study presents the prevalence of incident cognitive impairment (CI) among U.S. Chinese older adults; and the relationship between social engagement and incident CI. Data were obtained from the Population-based Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago, a prospective cohort study of Chinese older adults. Baseline (collected between 2011 and 2013) and one subsequent wave of data (collected between 2013 and 2015) were used in analyses (N=2,713). Social engagement was measured by the frequency of participation in social and cognitive activities (range=0-65). Cognitive function was assessed by a battery of 5 validated instruments. Incidence of CI was defined as having a follow-up cognition score lower than 1.5 standard deviations below the mean baseline cognition score. Logistic regression analyses were conducted. Nearly 6% of the sample reported incident CI. Chinese older adults who are more socially-engaged had a lower likelihood of developing CI (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 0.92-0.96). The relationship was consistent across cognitive domains, including episodic memory (OR 0.95, 0.92-0.97), working memory (OR 0.92, 0.88-0.95), and perceptual speed (OR 0.95, 0.92-0.98). Furthermore, older age (OR 1.12, 1.09-1.15), and lower education (OR 0.91, 0.87-0.96) were associated with incident CI. No significant association was observed between gender, income, marital status, household size, acculturation, medical morbidities, depressive symptoms, and incident CI. The findings highlight the importance of social engagement in cognitive aging. Discrepancies with prior literature and implications of these findings will be discussed.

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