scholarly journals (3S,6E)-Nerolidol-mediated rendezvous of Cyclocephalini beetles, Cyclocephala paraguayensis, in bottle gourd flowers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arodí P. Favaris ◽  
Amanda C. Túler ◽  
Weliton D. Silva ◽  
Sérgio R. Rodrigues ◽  
Walter S. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sesquiterpene Alcohol ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Airborne Volatiles

AbstractCyclocephalini beetles of genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) use flowers of some plants as food, shelter, and mating stands. However, little is known about floral scent chemistry involved in this interaction. Here we show that a sesquiterpene alcohol mediates attraction of Cyclocephala paraguayensis Arrow on bottle gourd flowers, Lagenaria siceraria (Curcubitaceae). Both males and females started to aggregate on flowers at twilight; after that, mating began and remained for the entire night. The major constituent of the airborne volatiles from L. siceraria was fully characterized as (3S,6E)-nerolidol, which elicited electroantennographic responses on male and female antennae. Field bioassays showed that traps baited with the natural stereoisomer or a mix of nerolidol isomers captured significantly more males and females of C. paraguayensis than control traps. Analysis from the gut content of these Cyclocephalini beetles showed the presence of pollen, suggesting that they also use bottle gourd flowers for their nourishment. Taken together, these results suggest that (3S,6E)-nerolidol plays an essential role in the reproductive behavior of C. paraguayensis by eliciting aggregation, mating, and feeding.

scholarly journals (3S,6E)-nerolidol-mediated rendezvous of Cyclocephala paraguayensis beetles in bottle gourd flowers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0235028
Author(s):  
Arodí P. Favaris ◽  
Amanda C. Túler ◽  
Weliton D. Silva ◽  
Sérgio R. Rodrigues ◽  
Walter S. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Sesquiterpene Alcohol ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Airborne Volatiles ◽  
Trapping Trials

Cyclocephalini beetles of the genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) use flowers of some plants as food, shelter, and mating sites. However, little is known about floral scent chemistry involved in this interaction. Here we show that a sesquiterpene alcohol mediates attraction of Cyclocephala paraguayensis Arrow, on bottle gourd flowers, Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae). Both males and females started to aggregate on the flowers at twilight; after that, mating began and remained for the entire night. GC-FID/EAD analysis of the L. siceraria floral scent collected in the field revealed that only the major constituent of the airborne volatiles elicited electroantennographic responses on male and female antennae of C. paraguayensis. This compound was identified as (3S,6E)-nerolidol, which was tested in two field trapping trials in Brazil. In the first bioassay, traps baited with nerolidol (mix of isomers) captured significantly more adult C. paraguayensis than control traps. In the second field trial, catches in traps baited with a mixture of isomers or enantiopure nerolidol were significantly higher than captures in control traps, but the treatments did not differ significantly. Analysis from the gut content of adult C. paraguayensis showed the presence of pollen, suggesting that they also use bottle gourd flowers for their nourishment. Taken together, these results suggest that (3S,6E)-nerolidol plays an essential role in the reproductive behavior of C. paraguayensis by eliciting aggregation, mating, and feeding.

scholarly journals Reproductive behavior and parental roles of the cichlid fish Laetacara araguaiae

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Barreto Teresa ◽  
Eliane Gonçalves-de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Nest Building ◽  
South American ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Reproductive Phases

We described the reproductive behavior of the small South American cichlid Laetacara araguaiae in streams from Brazil. We predicted that this species will show reproductive cooperation and division of labor between males and females in a similar way presented by other substrate-spawner cichlids. Thus, we studied 34 pairs in the pre-spawning (n = 11), egg/wriggler (n = 11) and fry (n = 12) phases. In the pre-spawning phase both sexes become involved in nest building and territorial defense, but females emphasizes building nest (p = 0.03), while males invest more time in territorial defense (p = 0.04). After spawning, male and female alternate between rearing eggs and defending nest in the territory. In the egg/wriggler phase females devotes more time rearing the brood while males remain defending territory (p = 0.02). These differences disappear when young are in the fry stage, and parents jointly stay closer to fry (p = 0.98). However, at this phase, there is a reduction in the frequency of threats shown by males (p<0.01) and an increase in the frequency of attacks shown by female (p<0.01) that could be a response to an increased demand for parental defense. Our results indicate that the reproductive cooperation between males and females of L. araguaiae is marked by division of labor in the early reproductive phases and by sharing of parental duties as brood develops.

THE SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERS AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF GONADECTOMIZED STICKLEBACKS TREATED WITH METHYL TESTOSTERONE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hui Wai ◽  
William S. Hoar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Building Behavior ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Secondary Sex Characters ◽  
Behavior Characteristic

Treatment of intact juvenile or gonadectomized adult male and female stickle-backs with methyl testosterone, either by immersion in dilute solutions or by implantation of pellets into the body cavity, induces male secondary sex characters. The effect, as quantified by measurements of the height of the brush border tubules in the mesonephros, is the same in both sexes and reaches a maximum in 3 to 4 weeks. Both the gonadectomized males and females develop prespawning aggressive and territorial behavior if maintained 4 or 5 weeks under long-day photoperiods (16-hour day alternating with 8-hour darkness). Such behavior does not appear under a short photoperiod. The administration of methyl testosterone does not intensify aggressive behavior in either the 8-hour or 16-hour photoperiod fish. The combined effects of long photoperiods and methyl testosterone induces nest-building behavior (characteristic of normal breeding males) in 50% to 60% of the castrated males and about 6% of the gonadectomized females. The behavior of the treated males is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to naturally matured fish but that of the females shows differences. Although male sexual behavior may also be induced in androgen treated castrates it has not been observed in the females under comparable experimental procedures.

Biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coq) on host bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2098-2106
Author(s):  
T. Akter ◽  
M. M. H. Sohel
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the biology of the cucurbit fruit fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (coq) on bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria, using variety ‘BARI-Lau 1’. The mean incubation period, larval (1st, 2nd and 3rd instars), pre-pupal, pupal and total developmental periods of B. cucurbitae were 1.69±0.28, (1.72±0.33, 1.41±0.31, 2.31±0.51), 0.74±0.28, 9.2±0.78 and 36±1.69 days, respectively. The mean adult longevity, with food and without food was 14.1±1.28 and 5.0±0.81 days, respectively. The lengths of all three larval instars were 1.1± 0.9, 3.03 ± 0.95 and 6.42 ± 0.90 mm, and the widths were 0.22 ±0.11, 1.12 ± 0.01 and 2.13 ± 0.20 mm, respectively. The length and width of the pre-pupa and the pupa were 5.86 ±0.48, 5.68± 0.26 mm and 1.94 ± 0.23, 2.39±0.20 mm respectively. The length of male and female were 6.61±0.59 and 8.28±0.52 mm. The widths of males and females with wingspan were 10.97 ± 0.43 and 13.02±1.28 mm respectively. The incidence of B. cucurbitae as maggot population in bottle gourd was higher in January during the study period from December 2018 to March 2019.

GONADOTROPHIN PATTERNS IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS:

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Donald C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT The effects of various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) upon the release of luteinizing hormone (LH or ICSH) from the hypophysis of a gonadectomized male or female rat were compared. Prostate weight in hypophysectomized male parabiotic partners was used to evaluate the quantity of circulating LH. Hypophyseal LH was measured by the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion method. Males castrated when 45 days old secreted significantly more LH and had three times the amount of pituitary LH as ovariectomized females. Administration of 25 μg TP daily reduced the amount of LH in the plasma, and increased the amount in the pituitary gland, in both sexes. Treatment with 50 μg caused a further reduction in plasma LH in males, but not in females, while pituitary levels in both were equal to that of their respective controls. LH fell to the same low level in partners of males or females receiving 100 μg TP. When gonadectomized at 39 days, males and females had the same amount of plasma LH, but males had more stored hormone. Pituitary levels were unchanged from controls following treatment with 12.5, 25 or 50 μg TP daily, but plasma values dropped an equal amount in both sexes with the latter two doses. Androgenized males or females, gonadectomized when 39 days old, were very sensitive to the effects of TP and plasma LH was significantly reduced with 12.5 μg daily. Pituitary LH in androgenized males was higher than that of normal males but was reduced to normal by small amounts of TP. The amount of stored LH in androgenized females was not different from that of normal females and it was unchanged by any dose of TP tested. Results are consistent with the conclusion that the male hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis is at least as sensitive as the female axis to the negative feedback effects of TP. Androgenization increases the sensitivity to TP in both males and females.

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Landon Jossy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

Analisis Isi Lambung Ikan Selais Terang Bulan (Kryptopterus bicirrhis, Valenciennes 1840) Di Desa Rantau Kasih Sungai Kampar Kiri Propinsi Riau

Biospecies ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ermi Yeni ◽  
Roza Elvyra
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content Analysis ◽  
Gut Content ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Supplementary Food ◽  
Main Food

The study on gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish (Kryptopterus bicirrhis) in Rantau Kasih village Kampar Kiri river was conducted from Februari- April 2017. The purpose of this study was to know about gut content of Selais Terang Bulan fish which was categorized as main food, supplementary food and additional food. The analysis is done based on the instruction of Natardjan and Jhingran (1961). The gut content was analized using the Index of preponderance.  The result revealed that  the main food of  Selais Terang Bulan fish in Rantau Kasih village is adult Arthropoda with IP value (78.85%), and supplementary food is caterpillar (25.15%). Male and female fishes at have main food of adult Arthropoda with different percentages are (82.81%) male and female (71.32%). Based on the gut content analysis of Selais Terang Bulan fish was a carnivorous fish.

Reproductive behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Olzer ◽  
Rebecca L. Ehrlich ◽  
Justa L. Heinen-Kay ◽  
Jessie Tanner ◽  
Marlene Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Female Choice ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Insect Behavior ◽  
Sequential Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Males And Females

Sex and reproduction lie at the heart of studies of insect behavior. We begin by providing a brief overview of insect anatomy and physiology, followed by an introduction to the overarching themes of parental investment, sexual selection, and mating systems. We then take a sequential approach to illustrate the diversity of phenomena and concepts behind insect reproductive behavior from pre-copulatory mate signalling through copulatory sperm transfer, mating positions, and sexual conflict, to post-copulatory sperm competition, and cryptic female choice. We provide an overview of the evolutionary mechanisms driving reproductive behavior. These events are linked by the economic defendability of mates or resources, and how these are allocated in each sex. Under the framework of economic defendability, the reader can better understand how sexual antagonistic behaviors arise as the result of competing optimal fitness strategies between males and females.

scholarly journals Spinal Muscular Atrophy after Nusinersen Therapy: Improved Physiology in Pediatric Patients with No Significant Change in Urine, Serum, and Liquor 1H-NMR Metabolomes in Comparison to an Age-Matched, Healthy Cohort

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Leon Deutsch ◽  
Damjan Osredkar ◽  
Janez Plavec ◽  
Blaž Stres
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Cohort ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Urine Serum

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases and was until recently the most common genetic cause of death in children. The effects of 2-month nusinersen therapy on urine, serum, and liquor 1H-NMR metabolomes in SMA males and females were not explored yet, especially not in comparison to the urine 1H-NMR metabolomes of matching male and female cohorts. In this prospective, single-centered study, urine, serum, and liquor samples were collected from 25 male and female pediatric patients with SMA before and after 2 months of nusinersen therapy and urine samples from a matching healthy cohort (n = 125). Nusinersen intrathecal application was the first therapy for the treatment of SMA by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Metabolomes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics utilizing 600 MHz 1H-NMR, parametric and nonparametric multivariate statistical analyses, machine learning, and modeling. Medical assessment before and after nusinersen therapy showed significant improvements of movement, posture, and strength according to various medical tests. No significant differences were found in metabolomes before and after nusinersen therapy in urine, serum, and liquor samples using an ensemble of statistical and machine learning approaches. In comparison to a healthy cohort, 1H-NMR metabolomes of SMA patients contained a reduced number and concentration of urine metabolites and differed significantly between males and females as well. Significantly larger data scatter was observed for SMA patients in comparison to matched healthy controls. Machine learning confirmed urinary creatinine as the most significant, distinguishing SMA patients from the healthy cohort. The positive effects of nusinersen therapy clearly preceded or took place devoid of significant rearrangements in the 1H-NMR metabolomic makeup of serum, urine, and liquor. Urine creatinine was successful at distinguishing SMA patients from the matched healthy cohort, which is a simple systemic novelty linking creatinine and SMA to the physiology of inactivity and diabetes, and it facilitates the monitoring of SMA disease in pediatric patients through non-invasive urine collection.

scholarly journals Stem cell treatment improves post stroke neurological outcomes: a comparative study in male and female rats

2021 ◽  
pp. svn-2020-000834
Author(s):  
Koteswara Rao Nalamolu ◽  
Bharath Chelluboina ◽  
Casimir A Fornal ◽  
Siva Reddy Challa ◽  
David M Pinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Males And Females

Background and purposeThe therapeutic potential of different stem cells for ischaemic stroke treatment is intriguing and somewhat controversial. Recent results from our laboratory have demonstrated the potential benefits of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in a rodent stroke model. We hypothesised that MSC treatment would effectively promote the recovery of sensory and motor function in both males and females, despite any apparent sex differences in post stroke brain injury.MethodsTransient focal cerebral ischaemia was induced in adult Sprague-Dawley rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Following the procedure, male and female rats of the untreated group were euthanised 1 day after reperfusion and their brains were used to estimate the resulting infarct volume and tissue swelling. Additional groups of stroke-induced male and female rats were treated with MSC or vehicle and were subsequently subjected to a battery of standard neurological/neurobehavioral tests (Modified Neurological Severity Score assessment, adhesive tape removal, beam walk and rotarod). The tests were administered at regular intervals (at days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14) after reperfusion to determine the time course of neurological and functional recovery after stroke.ResultsThe infarct volume and extent of swelling of the ischaemic brain were similar in males and females. Despite similar pathological stroke lesions, the clinical manifestations of stroke were more pronounced in males than females, as indicated by the neurological scores and other tests. MSC treatment significantly improved the recovery of sensory and motor function in both sexes, and it demonstrated efficacy in both moderate stroke (females) and severe stroke (males).ConclusionsDespite sex differences in the severity of post stroke outcomes, MSC treatment promoted the recovery of sensory and motor function in male and female rats, suggesting that it may be a promising treatment for stroke.

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