scholarly journals High prevalence of symptoms among Brazilian subjects with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: a nationwide household survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Baptista Menezes ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Fernando P Hartwig ◽  
Mariangela F Silveira ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Since the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a widespread assumption that most infected persons are asymptomatic. A frequently-cited early study from China suggested that 86% of all infections were undocumented, which was used as indirect evidence that patients were asymptomatic. Using data from the most recent wave of the EPICOVID19 study, a nationwide household-based survey including 133 cities from all states of Brazil, we estimated the proportion of people with and without antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 who were asymptomatic, which symptoms were most frequently reported, the number of symptoms reported and the association between symptomatology and socio-demographic characteristics. We were able to test 33,205 subjects using a rapid antibody test that was previously validated. Information on symptoms was collected before participants received the test result. Out of 849 (2.7%) participants who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, only 12.1% (95%CI 10.1-14.5) reported no symptoms since the start of the pandemic, compared to 42.2% (95%CI 41.7-42.8) among those who tested negative. The largest difference between the two groups was observed for changes in smell or taste (56.5% versus 9.1%, a 6.2-fold difference). Symptoms change in smell or taste, fever and myalgia were most likely to predict positive test results as suggested by recursive partitioning tree analysis. Among individuals without any of these three symptoms (74.2% of the sample), only 0.8% tested positive, compared to 18.3% of those with both fever and changes in smell or taste. Most subjects with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil are symptomatic, even though most present only mild symptoms.

scholarly journals High prevalence of symptoms among Brazilian subjects with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. B. Menezes ◽  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Fernando P. Hartwig ◽  
Mariângela F. Silveira ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Rapid Antibody

AbstractSince the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19, there has been a widespread assumption that most infected persons are asymptomatic. Using data from the recent wave of the EPICOVID19 study, a nationwide household-based survey including 133 cities from all states of Brazil, we estimated the proportion of people with and without antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 who were asymptomatic, which symptoms were most frequently reported, number of symptoms and the association with socio-demographic characteristics. We tested 33,205 subjects using a rapid antibody test previously validated. Information was collected before participants received the test result. Out of 849 (2.7%) participants positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, only 12.1% (95% CI 10.1–14.5) reported no symptoms, compared to 42.2% (95% CI 41.7–42.8) among those negative. The largest difference between the two groups was observed for changes in smell/taste (56.5% versus 9.1%, a 6.2-fold difference). Changes in smell/taste, fever and body aches were most likely to predict positive tests as suggested by recursive partitioning tree analysis. Among individuals without any of these three symptoms, only 0.8% tested positive, compared to 18.3% of those with both fever and changes in smell or taste. Most subjects with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 are symptomatic, even though most present only mild symptoms.

scholarly journals Rapid point-of-care (POC) testing for Hepatitis C antibodies in a very high prevalence setting: persons injecting drugs in Tallinn, Estonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneli Uusküla ◽  
Ave Talu ◽  
Jürgen Rannap ◽  
David M. Barnes ◽  
Don Des Jarlais
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hcv Antibody

Abstract Background Between December 2018 and January of 2019, we evaluated the accuracy of the point-of-care Hepatitis C (HCV) antibody test (POC; OraQuick HCV) used at a community-based needle and syringe exchange program serving persons who inject drugs in Tallinn, Estonia. Methods We compared the results of screening for HCV antibodies by OraQuick (oral swab) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA; blood draw) and assessed test results implications in a high prevalence setting. Findings Of the 100 participants, 88 (88%) had reactive POC test results, and 93 were HCV antibody positive on EIA testing. Sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) for the POC assay with EIA as the relevant reference test were as follows: 94.6% (95% CI 90.0–99.2%), 100% and 58.3% (95% CI 30.4–86.2%). Of the 12 testing, HCV-negative with the POC only 7 (58.3%) were true negatives. Conclusions Oral swab rapid testing HCV screening in this nonclinical setting was sensitive and specific but had unacceptably low NPV. In high prevalence settings, POC tests with high sensitivity and that directly measure HCV RNA may be warranted.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of alcohol consumption in Northeast states, India (evidence from district levels household survey: 2012-13)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetendra Yadav ◽  
Subhash Gautam ◽  
Kh Jitenkumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Educated Person ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: Despite the increased awareness of adverse effects of alcohol consumption, India is a one of the countries with high prevalence of alcohol use. The third round of National Family Health Survey (2005-06) estimated that 32% men consume alcohol. Evidence suggests the magnitude of alcohol use is likely to be higher among Northeast who residing in adverse geographical settings.  The objective of the study was to analyzed prevalence and determinants of alcohol use in Northeast states, India.Methods: The study using data from the fourth round of District Level Household Survey (2012-13). The outcome variables included in the study was alcohol consumption. The study used bivariate and multivariate to determine the prevalence, differentials and determinants of alcohol consumption.Results: The result shows that alcohol consumption was significantly high among the young age group of 25-34 years. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was high among male as compared to female and alcohol consumption is slightly low among more educated person. Alcohol consumption was high in Meghalaya and Mizoram as compared to other Northeast states.Conclusions: We conclude by this study that, the prevalence of alcohol consumption in Northeast was very high and alarming. There are really an important health concerns and they need to be counselled about the ill effect of alcohol consumption. Establishment of de-addiction centers or strong referral to de-addiction centers among those consuming alcohol is a might be a novel step for well-being of Northeast people. Government specially, Doctors and media should play their roles and spread information regarding harmful effects of alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Life span of Covid-19 antibodies following infection in a sample worker population in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hamad BA Al-Naemi ◽  
Walid Sayed Hassanen ◽  
Sherif Fawzi Mohamed El Nahrawi ◽  
Rama Abdulsalam Rashad
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Human Immune Response ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Rule Out

Background: COVID-19 antibodies’ longevity following infection is still unclear. Early data brought hope that acquired immunity was possible but subsequent studies suggested that immune protection might be short-lived. The results of recent studies provide greater insight into the human immune response to COVID-19. The Qatar Gas medical department’s strategy in preventing spread of infection among offshore and onshore workers consisted of maximizing the opportunities for COVID-19 polymerise chain reaction (PCR) and antibody testing. A large amount of data revealing the possible lifespan of COVID-19 antibodies in the study population was collected. Methods: Out of hundreds of employees who volunteered in this study about seroprevalance of COVID-19 antibodies, 52 whose results were reactive were tested for COVID-19 PCR before being selected. Employees with reactive or inconclusive PCR test results were excluded. Age, medical/surgical/social history, apart from past COVID-19 infection, were not selection criteria. We measured the period of time between the date of diagnosis and the antibody test result, segregating those still reactive from those who tested non-reactive at any point in time. The reactive group were retested for antibodies every 90 days as long as results continued to be reactive. Any cured employee was retested if they developed symptoms or was exposed to a confirmed positive case, to rule out the possibility of re-infection during this timeframe. Results: Only one employee was non-reactive after 110 days of COVID-19 PCR positive test result. 22 employees tested reactive although their PCR result had been negative. 30 employees tested reactive after a positive PCR with an average duration of 145 days, the shortest and longest being 24 and 223 respectively. Conclusion: We determined that antibodies’ longevity may extend to more than 6 months following COVID-19 infection and that there may be an early decay of antibodies in a limited proportion of the population, however further studies are recommended on larger populations. We noticed no cases of COVID-19 reinfection.

scholarly journals Re‐reading of OraQuick HIV ‐1/2 rapid antibody test results: quality assurance implications for HIV self‐testing programmes

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. e25234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Watson ◽  
Russell J Dacombe ◽  
Christopher Williams ◽  
Thomas Edwards ◽  
Emily R Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Brain-Dead Candidates for Transplantation and Uncommon Manifestations of the Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Aliakbarian ◽  
Rozita Khodashahi ◽  
Atefe Vakilian ◽  
Hamid Reza Naderi ◽  
Mandana Khodashahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Brain Dead ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pcr Test

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive cases meeting clinical brain death criteria; moreover, it was attempted to assess the uncommon manifestations of the infection in this study. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on all brain-dead patients who were referred to the emergency department of hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, from February to October 2020. The demographic characteristics, clinical information, and laboratory data were collected and recorded in a researcher-made checklist. Results: In general, 70 patients were included in this study. The PCR test result was positive for COVID-19 in 54% of the patients, and syncope was reported in 16.1% of the cases (n=10). Furthermore, the majority of the patients (52.9%) showed central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhagic manifestations. A comparison was made between the patients with positive and negative PCR test result in terms of syncope; accordingly, there was a significant difference between them in this regard (χ2=4.5; P=0.03). The CNS hemorrhagic manifestations were significantly higher in patients with positive PCR compared to those with negative PCR (χ2=4.57, P=0.03). Moreover, the grand glass opacity and pleural effusion were the most common findings of the chest computed tomography in brain-dead patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of COVID-19 among brain-dead patients, it seems that syncope attack should be regarded as one of the possible symptoms of COVID-19. Moreover, syncope as a result of COVID-19 may itself cause traumatic events. It is worth mentioning that CNS hemorrhagic manifestations have been reported in more than half of the patients with brain death.

scholarly journals Comparison of Rapid Antibody Test and Thorax Computed Tomography Results in Patients who Underwent RT-PCR with the Pre-Diagnosis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İlker Kızıloglu ◽  
Aslı Şener ◽  
Neslihan Siliv
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Thorax Ct ◽  
Rapid Antibody

Introduction: In this study, it is planned to compare the RT-PCR test, which is the gold standard in the diagnosis of COVID-19, with Thorax computed tomography (CT) and rapid antibody test results. Methods: Patients who were admitted to the emergency service of İzmir Çiğli Training and Research Hospital between 01.04.2020 and 31.05.2020 and who were suspected of having COVID-19 infection were included in the study. The medical records of the patients were retrospectively analyzed through the hospital data processing database. Age, gender, hospitalization, status of home quarantine, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), thorax CT and rapid antibody test results of the patients were examined. The relationship between RT-PCR, thorax CT and rapid antibody test results were compared statistically. Results: A total of 181 patients, 115 (63.5%) male and 66 (36.5%) female, with an average age of 56.4 ± 18.06 years were included in the study. The nasopharyngeal swab PCR result obtained at the first admission of the patients to the emergency department was positive in 71 (39.2%) patients. Thorax CT was performed in 173 (95.6%) patients who applied to the emergency department, and 112 (64.7%) of them had findings that could be compatible with COVID-19. According to the thorax CT findings in patients, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for detecting COVID-19 infection were respectively; 76.1%, 43.1%, 48.2% and 72.1% (ĸ: 0.176, p <0.001). In our study, the mortality rate for COVID-19 was found to be 2.8%. Conclusion: Rapid antibody test and thorax CT examinations were found to have low diagnostic value in patients who admitted to the emergency department of our hospital and whose first RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 test was positive. Studies involving larger patient groups are needed for their use alone in diagnosis and screening.

scholarly journals Comparison of QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test and Tuberculin Skin Test for Identification of LatentMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection in Healthcare Staff and Association Between Positive Test Results and Known Risk Factors for Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vinton ◽  
Seema Mihrshahi ◽  
Paul Johnson ◽  
Grant A. Jenkin ◽  
Damien Jolley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Test Result

Objective.We compared a whole-blood interferon-γ release assay (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube test, hereafter “QFT-in tube test”) with a tuberculin skin test (TST) to determine which test more accurately identified latentMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection in healthcare staff.Methods.A total of 481 hospital staff members were recruited from 5 hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. They provided information about demographic variables and tuberculosis (TB) risk factors (ie, birth or travel in a country with a high prevalence of TB, working in an occupation likely to involve contact withM. tuberculosisor individuals with TB, or being a household contact of an individual with a proven case of pulmonary TB). The QFT-in tube test and the TST were administered in accordance with standardized protocols. Concordance between the test results and positive risk factors was analyzed using theкstatistic, the McNemar test, and logistic regression.Results.A total of 358 participants had both a TST result and a QFT-in tube test result available for comparison. There were fewer positive QFT-in tube test results than positive TST results (6.7% vs. 33.0%;P< .001). Agreement between the tests was poor (71%;к= 0.16). A positive QFT-in tube test result was associated with birth in a country with a high prevalence of TB, the number of years an individual had lived in a country with a high prevalence of TB (ie, the effect of each additional year, treated as a continuous variable), and high-risk occupational contact. A positive TST result was associated with older age, receipt of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, and working in an occupation that involved patient contact. Receipt of BCG vaccination was most strongly associated with discordant results in instances in which the TST result was positive and the QFT-in tube test result was negative.Conclusion.In a population of healthcare staff with a low prevalence of TB and a significant rate of BCG vaccination, a positive QFT-in tube test result was associated with the presence of known risk factors for TB exposure, whereas a positive TST result was more strongly associated with a prior history of BCG vaccination.

Item Context and /s/ Phone Articulation Test Results

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 852-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Zehel ◽  
Ralph L. Shelton ◽  
William B. Arndt ◽  
Virginia Wright ◽  
Mary Elbert
Keyword(s):  
Test Score ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Test Result

Fourteen children who misarticulated some phones of the /s/ phoneme were tape recorded articulating several lists of items involving /s/. The lists included the Mc-Donald Deep Test for /s/, three lists similar to McDonald’s but altered in broad context, and an /s/ sound production task. Scores from lists were correlated, compared for differences in means, or both. Item sets determined by immediate context were also compared for differences between means. All lists were found to be significantly correlated. The comparison of means indicated that both broad and immediate context were related to test result. The estimated “omega square” statistic was used to evaluate the percentage of test score variance attributable to context.

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