scholarly journals Two Piwis with Ago-like functions silence somatic genes at the chromatin level

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Drews ◽  
Sivarajan Karunanithi ◽  
Ulrike Götz ◽  
Simone Marker ◽  
Raphael deWijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Antisense Rnas ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Secondary Sirnas ◽  
General Preference ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
Silencing Pathways ◽  
Dicer Cleavage ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMost sRNA biogenesis mechanisms involve either RNAseIII cleavage or ping-pong amplification by different Piwi proteins harboring slicer activity. Here, we follow the question why the mechanism of transgene-induced silencing in the ciliate Paramecium needs both Dicer activity and two Ptiwi proteins. This pathway involves primary siRNAs produced from non-translatable transgenes and secondary siRNAs from endogenous remote loci. Our data does not indicate any signatures from ping-pong amplification but Dicer cleavage of long dsRNA. We show that Ptiwi13 and 14 have different preferences for primary and secondary siRNAs but do not load them mutually exclusive. Both Piwis enrich for antisense RNAs and Ptiwi14 loaded siRNAs show a 5′-U signature. Both Ptiwis show in addition a general preference for Uridine-rich sRNAs along the entire sRNA length. Our data indicates both Ptiwis and 2’-O-methylation to contribute to strand selection of Dicer cleaved siRNAs. This unexpected function of two distinct vegetative Piwis extends the increasing knowledge of the diversity of Piwi functions in diverse silencing pathways. As both Ptiwis show differential subcellular localisation, Ptiwi13 in the cytoplasm and Ptiwi14 in the vegetative macronucleus, we conclude that cytosolic and nuclear silencing factors are necessary for efficient chromatin silencing.

scholarly journals Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies new regulators of glycoprotein secretion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Popa ◽  
Julien Villeneuve ◽  
Sarah Stewart ◽  
Esther Perez Garcia ◽  
Anna Petrunkina Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Novel Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Crispr Screen ◽  
Secondary Sirna ◽  
Golgi Structure ◽  
Glycoprotein Secretion ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTThe fundamental process of protein secretion from eukaryotic cells has been well described for many years, yet gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated remain. With the aim of identifying novel genes involved in the secretion of glycoproteins, we used a screening pipeline consisting of a pooled genome-wide CRISPR screen followed by secondary siRNA screening of the hits to identify and validate several novel regulators of protein secretion. We present approximately 50 novel genes not previously associated with protein secretion, many of which also had an effect on the structure of the Golgi apparatus. We further studied a small selection of hits to investigate their subcellular localisation. One of these, GPR161, is a novel Golgi-resident protein that we propose maintains Golgi structure via an interaction with golgin A5.

scholarly journals Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies new regulators of glycoprotein secretion

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Stephanie Popa ◽  
Julien Villeneuve ◽  
Sarah Stewart ◽  
Esther Perez Garcia ◽  
Anna Petrunkina Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Novel Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Crispr Screen ◽  
Secondary Sirna ◽  
Golgi Structure ◽  
Glycoprotein Secretion ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The fundamental process of protein secretion from eukaryotic cells has been well described for many years, yet gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated remain. Methods: With the aim of identifying novel genes involved in the secretion of glycoproteins, we used a screening pipeline consisting of a pooled genome-wide CRISPR screen, followed by secondary siRNA screening of the hits to identify and validate several novel regulators of protein secretion. Results: We present approximately 50 novel genes not previously associated with protein secretion, many of which also had an effect on the structure of the Golgi apparatus. We further studied a small selection of hits to investigate their subcellular localisation. One of these, GPR161, is a novel Golgi-resident protein that we propose maintains Golgi structure via an interaction with golgin A5. Conclusions: This study has identified new factors for protein secretion involved in Golgi homeostasis.

The predicted subcellular localisation of the sugarcane proteome

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Vicentini ◽  
Marcelo Menossi
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dual Targeting ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Increasing Knowledge

Plant cells are highly organised, and many biological processes are associated with specialised subcellular structures. Subcellular localisation is a key feature of proteins, since it is related to biological function. The subcellular localisation of such proteins can be predicted, providing information that is particularly relevant to those proteins with unknown or putative function. We performed the first in silico genome-wide subcellular localisation analysis for the sugarcane transcriptome (with 11 882 predicted proteins) and found that most of the proteins were localised in four compartments: nucleus (44%), cytosol (19%), mitochondria (12%) and secretory destinations (11%). We also showed that ~19% of the proteins were localised in multiple compartments. Other results allowed identification of a potential set of sugarcane proteins that could show dual targeting by the use of N-truncated forms that started from the nearest downstream in-frame AUG codons. This study was a first step in increasing knowledge about the subcellular localisation of the sugarcane proteome.

scholarly journals Secondary siRNAs in Plants: Biosynthesis, Various Functions, and Applications in Virology

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeti Sanan-Mishra ◽  
A. Abdul Kader Jailani ◽  
Bikash Mandal ◽  
Sunil K. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Secondary Sirnas ◽  
Silencing Pathways ◽  
Virus Interactions

The major components of RNA silencing include both transitive and systemic small RNAs, which are technically called secondary sRNAs. Double-stranded RNAs trigger systemic silencing pathways to negatively regulate gene expression. The secondary siRNAs generated as a result of transitive silencing also play a substantial role in gene silencing especially in antiviral defense. In this review, we first describe the discovery and pathways of transitivity with emphasis on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases followed by description on the short range and systemic spread of silencing. We also provide an in-depth view on the various size classes of secondary siRNAs and their different roles in RNA silencing including their categorization based on their biogenesis. The other regulatory roles of secondary siRNAs in transgene silencing, virus-induced gene silencing, transitivity, and trans-species transfer have also been detailed. The possible implications and applications of systemic silencing and the different gene silencing tools developed are also described. The details on mobility and roles of secondary siRNAs derived from viral genome in plant defense against the respective viruses are presented. This entails the description of other compatible plant–virus interactions and the corresponding small RNAs that determine recovery from disease symptoms, exclusion of viruses from shoot meristems, and natural resistance. The last section presents an overview on the usefulness of RNA silencing for management of viral infections in crop plants.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Final Stunting Stunting Events

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
A'immatul Fauziah ◽  
Ikeu Tanziha ◽  
Hardinsyah Hardinsyah ◽  
Dodik Briawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbonated Beverages ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

The main nutritional problems of teenagers in developing countries are, among others, the less nutrition that is reflected from stunting (Fatmah, 2010). Riskesdas 2013 results show the prevalence of adolescent stunting group age 16-18 years by 31.4% (Balitbangkes, 2013). Stunting is a linear growth disorder caused by multifactors that are likely to interfere with metabolism. Research purposes is to know the prevalence of stunting in the late adolescent, and to analyze the effect of risk factors socioeconomic characteristics, consumption of milk and carbonated beverages, and physical activity of events final teenage stunting. The design of this research is cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the month December 2014 at the Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB). The number of sample is 488 students of TPB IPB 2014/2015. Selection of sample is done by purposive sampling, with criterion of student of TPB-IPB age 17-19 years, consume milk regularly at least 1 time per week, healthy (not being sick or have a disease), and are willing to be a research respondent. Data on socio-economic characteristics, frequency of milk consumption, and consumption of carbonated beverages with questionnaires. High anthropometric data body measured directly. The data are then presented in the form of tables and diagrams. Results research shows that the prevalence of adolescent stunting obtained from this research is 16,4%, lower if compared to 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data for adolescents 16-18 years old national (Balitbangkes, 2013). Risk factors that affect the incidence of stunting is education father with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.912; 95% CI (1,119-3,268). Expected risk factor for late teenage stunting can decrease by increasing knowledge of stunting prevention for generations next. It is expected that the risk factor for late teenage stunting may decrease with increasing knowledge of stunting prevention for the next generation.

scholarly journals Genome-wide CRISPR screening identifies new regulators of glycoprotein secretion

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Stephanie Popa ◽  
Julien Villeneuve ◽  
Sarah Stewart ◽  
Esther Perez Garcia ◽  
Anna Petrunkina Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Secretion ◽  
Subcellular Localisation ◽  
Novel Genes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Fundamental Process ◽  
Crispr Screen ◽  
Secondary Sirna ◽  
Golgi Structure ◽  
Glycoprotein Secretion ◽  
Selection Of

Background: The fundamental process of protein secretion from eukaryotic cells has been well described for many years, yet gaps in our understanding of how this process is regulated remain. Methods: With the aim of identifying novel genes involved in the secretion of glycoproteins, we used a screening pipeline consisting of a pooled genome-wide CRISPR screen, followed by secondary siRNA screening of the hits to identify and validate several novel regulators of protein secretion. Results: We present approximately 50 novel genes not previously associated with protein secretion, many of which also had an effect on the structure of the Golgi apparatus. We further studied a small selection of hits to investigate their subcellular localisation. One of these, GPR161, is a novel Golgi-resident protein that we propose maintains Golgi structure via an interaction with golgin A5. Conclusions: This study has identified new factors for protein secretion involved in Golgi homeostasis.

scholarly journals IMPROVED KNOWLEDGE OF YOUNG GIRL ABOUT MENARCHE IN THE RANGKAH KIDUL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, RANGKAH KIDUL VILLAGE, SIDOARJO SUB-DISTRICT, SIDOARJO DISTRICT, EAST JAVA PROVINCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Riesmiyatiningdyah Riesmiyatiningdyah ◽  
Connie Wahyu Wijianti ◽  
Sinta Nuriyah ◽  
Lidia Getreda Masela ◽  
Dwi Setyowati Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Young Girl ◽  
Grade Student ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
Selection Of

Improved knowledge of young girl about menarche in the Rangkah Kidul Elementary School, Rangkah Kidul Village, Sidoarjo Sub-District, Sidoarjo District, East Java Province is a form of education in the form of counseling aimed at growing and increasing knowledge related to menarche. The activity was held on November 27, 2018 at the Rangkah Kidul Elementary School, Rangkah Kidul Village, Sidoarjo Sub-District, Sidoarjo District, East Java Province. With the goal is a 5th grade student at the Rangkah Kidul Elementary School, Rangkah Kidul Village, Sidoarjo Sub-District, Sidoarjo District, East Java Province. Before the implementation of these activities, there is a process of preparing activities for 3 weeks before the activities are carried out, starting from the selection of health counseling materials to the submission of permits to related parties. As an evaluation, the event was attended by 18 participants who were 5th grade students, participants took part in the activity enthusiastically and conductively, the activities could be carried out on time smoothly. Keywords: Menarche, adolescent, health promotion, elementary school.

Diet selection of sheep: effects of adding urea to foods with different protein contents

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. James ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G. C. Emmans
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
General Preference ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted in which growing sheep were given choices between foods differing in their contents of urea. The crude protein (CP) contents of both of the foods of the pair were also varied. The hypothesis tested was that the diets selected would be those that met the effective rumen degradable protein (eRDP) requirements of the animals and would avoid excess consumption of eRDP. Three basal foods, differing in CP were formulated. D was designed to be deficient in CP with 80 g CP and 58 g eRDP per kg DM; H was calculated to be adequate with 159 g CP and 114 g eRDP per kg DM; P had excess with 210 g CP and 148 g eRDP per kg DM. Other foods were made by adding 12·5 or 25 g urea per kg fresh matter to each of the three basal foods to make a further six foods. In both experiments Texel✕Greyface female sheep were used. In experiment 1, 34 sheep weighing 37·2 (s.d. 1·85) kg were randomly allocated to one of six groups and each group was offered a choice between a pair of foods. Groups 1 to 3 were offered pairs in the D series (Dv. D + 12·5 g urea per kg (no. = 6), Dv. D + 25 g urea per kg (no. = 6) and D + 12·5 g urea per kg v. D + 25 g urea per kg (no. = 5)). Groups 4 to 6 were offered the same pairs of foods but with H instead of D. In experiment 2, 96 sheep weighing 29·8 (s.d. 3·37) kg were randomly allocated to one of 12 groups. Groups 1 to 6 (no. = 6) were allocated a single food (D, D + 25 g, H, H + 25 g, P or P + 25 g urea per kg) throughout the experiment. Groups 7 to 12 were given a choice (no. = 10) between two foods. One food of the pair was the basal D, H or P. The other food was the same basal food supplemented with either 12·5 or 25 g urea per kg. On the single foods adding urea to D resulted in an increase in food intake and live-weight gain suggesting that D was deficient in eRDP. Adding urea to either H or P had no beneficial effects on intake or live-weight gain. This suggests that both contained sufficient eRDP in relation to energy. Across all choice treatments in both experiments there was a highly significant preference (P< 0·01) for the food with the higher urea content. In experiment 1 0·62 (s.e. 0·04) of the diet selected was the food with the higher urea content. In experiment 2 the figure was 0·64 (s.e.0·03). The general preference for the food with the higher urea content was unaffected by the CP contents of the foods used. The results do not support the hypothesis that sheep will avoid excess eRDP when given a choice and suggest that eRDP may not be a relevant dimension in diet selection in the conditions of these experiments.

scholarly journals Elderly’s Attitude towards the Selected Types of e-Health

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Klimova ◽  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Sunwoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Services ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
General Preference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Selection Of

This current study was sought to explore how older adults’ adaptation of information and communication technology (ICT) devices was associated with their preference for e-Health services. A total of 224 Czech older adults aged 60+ were analyzed for the study. The sample comprised 21% male and 79% female. A self-reported survey questionnaire was employed to assess the prevalence of the use of ICT devices and the Internet and general preference for e-Health services. A series of t-tests were performed between and within two groups divided into e-Health supporters and non-supporters. The results indicated that nearly half of the respondents preferred to use the Internet for searching for health-related information. We found that older adults’ use of ICT devices and educational level was significantly associated with the selection of the e-Health services. However, gender, household type, and the place for a residence did not count additional variance for the preferred e-Health services. For those who express willingness to receive the e-Health service, the preferred e-Health services should be implemented across relevant health domains. To do so, health professionals ought to provide the necessary equipment and educational programs that help older adults better access and adapt to e-Health services.

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