scholarly journals A smartphone app for individual anesthetic calculation decreased anesthesia-related mortality in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Poblete Jara ◽  
Rodrigo S Carraro ◽  
Ariane Zanesco ◽  
Beatriz Andrade ◽  
Karina Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
First Report ◽  
Individual Volume ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Devices ◽  
Related Mortality

AbstractAnnually, millions of animals are used for experimental purposes. Despite the recommended anesthetic doses being well-known worldwide, the final amounts applied to mice could be different than those calculated. Here, we developed, tested, and validated a mobile app where researchers and operators were able to use personal devices to process body weight, calculate a master anesthetic cocktail, and then apply the individual volume to each mouse. Our objective was to refine anesthesia procedures using information technologies. Our data showed that the “Labinsane” mobile app decreased anesthetic-related deaths upon using weight-adjusted doses of ketamine and xylazine. Also, we validated that the Labinsane mobile app matched all calculations of anesthetic doses. To our knowledge, this is the first report with hundreds of anesthetized mice records and validation and implementation of a mobile app to solve an old but transversal challenge for researchers working with experimental mice.

scholarly journals A Smartphone App for Individual Xylazine/Ketamine Calculation Decreased Anesthesia-Related Mortality in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Poblete Jara ◽  
Rodrigo S. Carraro ◽  
Ariane Zanesco ◽  
Beatriz Andrade ◽  
Karina Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Open Code ◽  
Related Mortality

Currently, experimental animals are widely used in biological and medical research. However, the scientific community has raised several bioethical concerns, such as the number of animals required to achieve reproducible and statistically relevant results. These concerns involve aspects related to pain, discomfort, and unwanted animal loss. Retrospectively, we compare two different approaches for anesthesia dosage: a mobile app for dose calculation and a standard dose calculation. A total of 939 C57BL/6J and Swiss mice were analyzed. We collected data on intraoperative and anesthesia-related mortality as described in electronic or physical handwritten records. Our results showed that the mobile app approach significantly reduces anesthetic-related deaths upon using doses of ketamine and xylazine. The results suggest that anesthesia-related mortality can be minimized even more using information technology approaches, helping to solve an old but transversal challenge for researchers working with experimental mice. The mobile app is a free and open code which could be implemented worldwide as an essential requirement for all anesthetic procedures in mice using xylazine and ketamine combination. As an open code app, the Labinsane initiative could also represent the starting point to unify and validate other anesthetic procedures in different species and strains.

The Production of Fatty Acids in the Alimentary Tract of the Dog

1947 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 346-349
Author(s):  
A. T. PHILLIPSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
The Individual

The significance of fermentation in the large gut of the dog has been investigated. According to the quantities of volatile acids and their relation to body weight, the lower fatty acids do not appear to contribute more than a small portion of the energy requirements of the animal. Evidence is presented to show that the individual acids produced in the large intestine consist largely of acetic and propionic acids and that the amount of butyric present is small. This is the same mixture of acids found where fermentation occurs in the alimentary tract of ruminants, horses, pigs, rabbits and rats. The higher proportion of propionic acid is interesting and suggests that the propionic acid bacteria are normal inhabitants of the large intestine of the dog and possibly of a wide variety of animals.

scholarly journals Smartphone Applications - Idea sourcing, and app development: Implications for firms

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Vigar-Ellis ◽  
John Bredican
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
App Development ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Consequent Increase

With the dramatic increase in smartphone usage and the consequent increase in applications (apps) for these smartphones, organisations are constantly looking for new apps to offer customers as well as employees.  Information Systems (IS) departments of organisations have traditionally been tasked with the acquisition and/or development of such information technologies within organisations.  This research aimed to determine from IS managers, the smartphone app usage in firms, the sources of app ideas and the locations for app development.  It also investigated various aspects of the success or otherwise of the development process.  Results indicate that while most ideas for apps currently come from IS and marketing departments within the organisation, and development of apps is also done mainly within the organisation , these development strategies are not necessarily the most effective.  Managerial implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Optimized hip-knee-ankle exoskeleton assistance reduces the metabolic cost of walking with worn loads

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn M. Bryan ◽  
Patrick W. Franks ◽  
Seungmoon Song ◽  
Ricardo Reyes ◽  
Meghan P. O’Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ankle Exoskeleton ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Load carriage is common in a wide range of professions, but prolonged load carriage is associated with increased fatigue and overuse injuries. Exoskeletons could improve the quality of life of these professionals by reducing metabolic cost to combat fatigue and reducing muscle activity to prevent injuries. Current exoskeletons have reduced the metabolic cost of loaded walking by up to 22% relative to walking in the device with no assistance when assisting one or two joints. Greater metabolic reductions may be possible with optimized assistance of the entire leg. Methods We used human-in the-loop optimization to optimize hip-knee-ankle exoskeleton assistance with no additional load, a light load (15% of body weight), and a heavy load (30% of body weight) for three participants. All loads were applied through a weight vest with an attached waist belt. We measured metabolic cost, exoskeleton assistance, kinematics, and muscle activity. We performed Friedman’s tests to analyze trends across worn loads and paired t-tests to determine whether changes from the unassisted conditions to the assisted conditions were significant. Results Exoskeleton assistance reduced the metabolic cost of walking relative to walking in the device without assistance for all tested conditions. Exoskeleton assistance reduced the metabolic cost of walking by 48% with no load (p = 0.05), 41% with the light load (p = 0.01), and 43% with the heavy load (p = 0.04). The smaller metabolic reduction with the light load may be due to insufficient participant training or lack of optimizer convergence. The total applied positive power was similar for all tested conditions, and the positive knee power decreased slightly as load increased. Optimized torque timing parameters were consistent across participants and load conditions while optimized magnitude parameters varied. Conclusions Whole-leg exoskeleton assistance can reduce the metabolic cost of walking while carrying a range of loads. The consistent optimized timing parameters across participants and conditions suggest that metabolic cost reductions are sensitive to torque timing. The variable torque magnitude parameters could imply that torque magnitude should be customized to the individual, or that there is a range of useful torque magnitudes. Future work should test whether applying the load to the exoskeleton rather than the person’s torso results in larger benefits.

scholarly journals Consequences of information covering the COVID-19 pandemic from the point of view of Terror Management Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 11012
Author(s):  
Polina Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Terror Management Theory ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Information Coverage

The article is devoted to the description and explanation of individual psychological and social phenomena from the point of view of actualizing thanatic issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and its information coverage. The relevance of the study is due to the situation of the spread of coronavirus infection, the peculiarities of combating its spread, the influence of information technologies on this process and the need to understand the phenomena that have developed in society. The novelty of the research lies in the complex consideration of various social and individual psychological phenomena from the standpoint of the influence of the vital threat and existential fears on the individual and social consciousness. The article contains information on the socio-psychological phenomena that manifested themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic (alarmism, infodemic, intergroup tensions, stigmatization of certain groups of the population, a shift in political preferences, aggravation or emergence of mental disorders, inadequate purchasing activity) and describes them in terms of Terror Management Theory. In the conclusion, prospects are given for using the provisions of Terror Management Theory to develop a strategy for overcoming a pandemic situation, taking into account the action of proximal and distal defenses. The author comes to the conclusion that the features of the information coverage of the situation have a strong influence on its further development, in connection with which it is necessary to develop a clear plan for the preparation of official information that meets the criteria of completeness, credibility, scientific character and conveys the idea of positive realism.

scholarly journals Demographic Losses Due To Alcohol-Related Mortality in Lithuania: Results Obtained Through Combining Death Records with the 2011 Population Census Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Daumantas Stumbrys ◽  
Domantas Jasilionis ◽  
Dalia Ambrozaitienė ◽  
Vlada Stankūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Related Mortality

This paper presents the results of a study on sociodemographic mortality differentials in Lithuania based on censuslinked mortality data. Population data come from the individual records of the 2011 Population and Housing Census of the Republic of Lithuania. The results of the research demonstrate that education and marital status are very strong predictors of alcohol-related mortality. Among males aged 30 and older, the alcohol-related mortality risk in non-married groups is up to 3.4 times as high as in the group of married males. The alcohol-related mortality risk in lower-education groups is up to 3.7 times as high as in the group of those with higher education. The findings of the study suggest that the elimination of educational differences would allow avoiding 55.7 %, the elimination of marital status differences – 40.2 %, the elimination of ethnic group differences – 11.1 % of alcohol-related deaths.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE REPLANTING AGE ON YIELD AND GROWTH OF EUCALYPT CLONAL STANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Magela Pereira Filho ◽  
Laércio Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine ◽  
Bruno Leão Said Schettini ◽  
Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Paulo Henrique Villanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
Individual Volume ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ant Control

ABSTRACT The growth of an eucalypt plantation should be monitored to identify factors that influence its development, helping in the decision-making process, aiming to reduce productivity losses. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the age of replanting on the yield and growth of eucalypt stands. The experiment was conducted in an area of CENIBRA S.A. Company, and established in a commercial plantation in August 2011. The application of herbicide and the ant control were performed in total area before planting. Seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis clones in 3.0 × 2.5 m spacing were used. Limestone (1,500 kg ha-1) was applied in total area before planting and 100 g plant-1 of NPK fertilizer (06-30-06) was applied immediately after planting. Four months after the installation of the experiment, 300 kg ha-1 of NPK (06-10-29) was applied. Treatments consisted of four dates of seedling replanting (0, 20, 40 and 80 days after planting) without complementary fertilization, and two treatments (replanting 40 and 80 days after planting) with supplementary fertilization (100g plant-1 NPK 06-30-06). The individual volume of replanting trees was 46.6% lower than of non-replanted ones. Treatments with complementary planting fertilization did not differ (p > 0.05) by the T-test. It is concluded that the longer the time between planting and replanting, the smaller the individual volume of the replanting trees and that the complementary fertilization in seedlings replanted does not favor their growth.

scholarly journals SMART precision cancer medicine: a FHIR-based app to provide genomic information at the point of care

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy L Warner ◽  
Matthew J Rioth ◽  
Kenneth D Mandl ◽  
Joshua C Mandel ◽  
David A Kreda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Clinical Workflow ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Cancer Medicine ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background Precision cancer medicine (PCM) will require ready access to genomic data within the clinical workflow and tools to assist clinical interpretation and enable decisions. Since most electronic health record (EHR) systems do not yet provide such functionality, we developed an EHR-agnostic, clinico-genomic mobile app to demonstrate several features that will be needed for point-of-care conversations. Methods Our prototype, called Substitutable Medical Applications and Reusable Technology (SMART)® PCM, visualizes genomic information in real time, comparing a patient’s diagnosis-specific somatic gene mutations detected by PCR-based hotspot testing to a population-level set of comparable data. The initial prototype works for patient specimens with 0 or 1 detected mutation. Genomics extensions were created for the Health Level Seven® Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)® standard; otherwise, the prototype is a normal SMART on FHIR app. Results The PCM prototype can rapidly present a visualization that compares a patient’s somatic genomic alterations against a distribution built from more than 3000 patients, along with context-specific links to external knowledge bases. Initial evaluation by oncologists provided important feedback about the prototype’s strengths and weaknesses. We added several requested enhancements and successfully demonstrated the app at the inaugural American Society of Clinical Oncology Interoperability Demonstration; we have also begun to expand visualization capabilities to include cancer specimens with multiple mutations. Discussion PCM is open-source software for clinicians to present the individual patient within the population-level spectrum of cancer somatic mutations. The app can be implemented on any SMART on FHIR-enabled EHRs, and future versions of PCM should be able to evolve in parallel with external knowledge bases.

Digital Technologies: Reality and Centaurs of Imagination

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Irina A. Gerasimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
World Order ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Catastrophic Risks ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Nature And Society

The article combines historical, cultural and systematic approaches to the analysis of digital transformations of society and man. Digital technologies play a crucial role in the transformation of economy, politics and society at the new stage of technologization. Developments and strategic projects for the introduction of arti­ficial intelligence, robotics, augmented and hybrid realities are implemented not only in the areas of dangerous, labor-intensive and routine work (i.e. in military affairs, industry, financial and economic operations), but also in the intellectual and creative spheres. The global time of change requires a global-system analysis. The invention of high information technologies and the interest of big business in the one-sided technologization of society disrupted the balanced co-evolution of computer technology and society. The author offers a noo-eco-geosystem ap­proach to the analysis of the crisis of technogenic civilization and the search for ways out of it. The complex grid of coordinates of the analysis includes planetary-physical, geo-ecological, geopolitical, geo-economical, geo-social, national socio-cultural, ethical and anthropological dimensions. The noo-eco-geosystem ap­proach makes it possible to reveal the catastrophic risks of digital economy and society strategies. The author considers energy and information and communica­tion technologies as catalysts for the accelerated transformation of society and the individual. These catalysts allow us to identify both the negative and positive as­pects of the global processes of evolution, as well as the “positive in the nega­tive”. The system analysis of digital transformations of society and man assumes consideration of methodological aspects of opportunities and limitations of tech­nologies. The destructive and purifying character of the transformations of nature and society is considered as a self-organizing process of the formation of the global world order, the future picture of the world and the qualitative transforma­tions of the mind on the basis of the values of noospheric ethics and geosociality

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