Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances associates with altered lipid profile of breast milk

AbstractBackgroundChemical composition of human breast milk is highly variable inter- and intra-individually. Environmental factors are suspected to partly explain the compositional variation, however, their impact on breast milk composition is currently poorly understood.ObjectivesWe sought (1) to define the impact of maternal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on lipid composition of human breast milk, and (2) to study the combined impact of maternal PFAS exposure and breast milk lipid composition on the growth of the infants.MethodsIn a mother-infant study (n=44) we measured the levels of PFAS and lipids in maternal serum and conducted lipidomics analysis of breast milk at birth and at 3 months of infant age, by using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Maternal diet was studied by a validated food frequency questionnaire.ResultsPFAS levels were inversely associated with total lipid levels in the breast milk collected at birth. In the high exposure group, the ratio of acylated saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols was increased. Moreover, high exposure to PFAS associated with the altered phospholipid composition, which was indicative of unfavorable increase in the size of milk fat globules. These changes in the milk lipid composition were further associated with slower infant growth and with elevated intestinal inflammatory markers.DiscussionOur data suggest that the maternal exposure to PFAS impacts the nutritional quality of the breast milk, which, in turn, may have detrimental impact on the health and growth of the children later in life.

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Adipophilin and Perilipin 3 Correlate with Total Lipid Content in Human Breast Milk

10.20944/preprints201810.0008.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tereza Pavlova ◽

Zdenek Spacil ◽

Veronika Vidova ◽

Filip Zlamal ◽

Eliska Cechova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Total Lipid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Gravimetric Method ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Milk Lipid ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast

Objective: Lipids are secreted into milk as bilayer-coated structures: milk lipid globules (MLGs). Adipophilin (ADRP) and perilipin 3 (TIP47) are associated with MLGs in human breast milk; however, the role of these proteins in milk lipid secretion is not fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate levels of ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk, their mutual correlations and dynamics during lactation. Research Methods & Procedures: Milk samples from 22 healthy lactating women (Caucasian, Central European) were collected at five time points during lactation (1–3, 12–14, 29–30, 88–90 and 178–180 days postpartum). Mass spectrometry-based method was used for quantification of ADRP and TIP47 in the samples. The gravimetric method was used to determine milk total lipid content. Results: We observed distinctive trends in ADRP, TIP47 levels and lipid content in human breast milk during the first 6 months of lactation. We also found a significant association between lipid content and ADRP, lipid content and TIP47, and ADRP and TIP47 concentrations in breast milk at all sampling points. Moreover, we derived an equation for estimating the mean lipid content of milk based on ADRP concentration in human breast milk. Conclusions: A mass spectrometry-based method was developed for quantifying ADRP and TIP47 in human breast milk. Strong mutual correlations were found between ADRP, TIP47 and total lipid content in human breast milk.

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The impact of lactation and gestational age on the composition of branched-chain fatty acids in human breast milk

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c7fo01979c ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1747-1754 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liang Jie ◽

Ce Qi ◽

Jin Sun ◽

Renqiang Yu ◽

Xiangyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

The Impact ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The main BCFAs in preterm breast milk were iso-14:0, iso-15:0, anteiso-15:0, iso-16:0, iso-17:0, and anteiso-17:0, which were low than that in term breast milk. They were mainly located in the sn-2 position of TAGs and concentration in colostrum.

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Levels of perfluorinated compounds in human breast milk in Jordan: the impact of sociodemographic characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-015-4462-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (16) ◽

pp. 12415-12423 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nihaya A. Al-sheyab ◽

Khaled M. Al-Qudah ◽

Yahya R. Tahboub

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Perfluorinated Compounds ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

The Impact

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Lipid composition in human breast milk from Granada (Spain): Changes during lactation

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2004.08.020 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 467-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Aleix Sala-Vila ◽

Ana I. Castellote ◽

María Rodriguez-Palmero ◽

Cristina Campoy ◽

M. Carmen López-Sabater

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in human breast milk and current analytical methods

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-018-3483-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (36) ◽

pp. 36064-36086 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Linda R. Macheka-Tendenguwo ◽

Joshua O. Olowoyo ◽

Liziwe L. Mugivhisa ◽

Ovokeroye A. Abafe

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

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Human Breast Milk NMR Metabolomic Profile across Specific Geographical Locations and Its Association with the Milk Microbiota

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10101355 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1355 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Carlos Gómez-Gallego ◽

Jose Morales ◽

Daniel Monleón ◽

Elloise du Toit ◽

Himanshu Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

The Impact ◽

Geographical Locations

The composition of human breast milk is highly variable, and it can be influenced by genetics, diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the impact of geographical location and mode of delivery on the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolic profile of breast milk and its relationship with the milk microbiome. Human milk metabolic and microbiota profiles were determined using NMR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively, in 79 healthy women from Finland, Spain, South Africa, and China. Up to 68 metabolites, including amino acids, oligosaccharides, and fatty acid-associated metabolites, were identified in the milk NMR spectra. The metabolite profiles showed significant differences between geographical locations, with significant differences (p < 0.05) in the levels of galactose, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, lacto-N-fucopentaose I and 2-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-difucohexaose II, lacto-N-fucopentaose III, 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, proline, N-acetyl lysine, methyl-histidine, dimethylamine, kynurenine, urea, creatine and creatine phosphate, formate, lactate, acetate, phosphocholine, acetylcholine, LDL, VLDL, ethanolamine, riboflavin, hippurate, spermidine, spermine and uridine. Additionally, the effect of caesarean section on milk metabolome was dependent on the geographical region. Specific interrelations between human milk metabolites and microbiota were also identified. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacilli were most significantly associated with the milk metabolites, being either positively or negatively correlated depending on the metabolite. Our results reveal specific milk metabolomic profiles across geographical locations and also highlight the potential interactions between human milk’s metabolites and microbes.

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Impact of Storage Conditions on the Breast Milk Peptidome

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12092733 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 2733

Author(s):

Vanessa Howland ◽

Maik Klaedtke ◽

Johanna Ruhnau ◽

Vishnu M. Dhople ◽

Hans J. Grabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Human Donor ◽

The Stability ◽

The Impact ◽

Increased Activity ◽

Degradation Of Peptides

Human donor milk (HDM) provides appropriate nutrition and offers protective functions in preterm infants. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of different storage conditions on the stability of the human breast milk peptidome. HDM was directly frozen at −80 °C or stored at −20 °C (120 h), 4 °C (6 h), or room temperature (RT for 6 or 24 h). The milk peptidome was profiled by mass spectrometry after peptide collection by ultrafiltration. Profiling of the peptidome covered 3587 peptides corresponding to 212 proteins. The variance of the peptidome increased with storage temperature and time and varied for different peptides. The highest impact was observed when samples were stored at RT. Smaller but significant effects were still observed in samples stored at 4 °C, while samples showed highest similarity to those immediately frozen at −80 °C when stored at −20 °C. Peptide structures after storage at RT for 24 h point to the increased activity of thrombin and other proteases cleaving proteins at lysine/arginine. The results point to an ongoing protein degradation/peptide production by milk-derived proteases. They underline the need for immediate freezing of HDM at −20 °C or −80 °C to prevent degradation of peptides and enable reproducible investigation of prospectively collected samples.

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Maternal Dietary Intake, Nutritional Status, and Macronutrient Composition of Human Breast Milk: Systematic Review

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002786 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-66

Author(s):

Shiksha Adhikari ◽

Urszula Kudla ◽

Jean Nyakayiru ◽

Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Human Breast ◽

Macronutrient Composition ◽

The Impact ◽

Maternal Dietary Intake

Abstract Introduction: Human breast milk is the best source of nutrition in early life, particularly during the first six months. Nevertheless, human breast milk composition is variable and more insight in the exact factors contributing to this variability is warranted. In this review, we explored the impact of maternal dietary intake and nutritional status (e.g., anthropometric measures, body mass index, bioimpedance) on human milk macronutrient composition. Method: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane were systematically searched till November 2019. Results: In total, 4946 publications underwent title-abstract screening; 101 publications underwent full-text screening. Eventually, 50 publications were included in this review, investigating either associations between maternal dietary intake (n=29) and/or maternal nutritional status (n=29), and macronutrient composition of human breast milk. Reported energy composition ranged from 51-72 kcal/dl, and 67% and 54% of the studies reported associations between with maternal nutritional intake and status, respectively. Protein content ranged from 0.8-3.3g/dl and four studies suggested a negative association with nutritional status. Fat content ranged from 2.1- 9.8g/dl, and 68% of the studies reported positive associations with nutritional status. Carbohydrate content ranged from 5.8-7.5g/dl, and 67% of the included studies did not report an association between intake or status. Conclusion: Literature investigating associations of maternal dietary intake and nutrition status with breast milk composition of macronutrients and energy content is diversified, both in terms of used methodology as well as results. Further studies using well defined and standard parameters are essential to aid the formulation of scientific recommendations.

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