Cross-sectional analysis of the microbiota of human gut and their direct environment (exposome) in a household cohort in northern Vietnam

AbstractComprehensive insight into the human gut microbiota and the interaction with their environment in communities with a high background of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes is currently largely lacking. In a cohort (Vietnam), individuals within the same household, also individuals within their geographical cluster share more bacterial taxa than individuals from different households or geographical clusters. The microbial diversity among individuals who used antibiotics in the past four months was significantly lower than those who did not. Fecal microbiota of humans was more diverse than non-human samples, shared a small part of its amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with feces from animals (7.4%), water (2.2%) and food (3.1%). Sharing of ASVs between humans and companion animals was not associated with household. There is a correlation between an Enterobacteriaceae ASV and the presence of blactx-m-2 in feces from humans and animals, hinting towards an exchange of antimicrobial resistant strains between reservoirs.

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Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Microbiota of Human Gut and Its Direct Environment in a Household Cohort with High Background of Antibiotic Use

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2115

Author(s):

Bich Vu Thi Ngoc ◽

Hai Ho Bich ◽

Gianluca Galazzo ◽

Dung Vu Tien Viet ◽

Melissa Oomen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Companion Animals ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Living Environment ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Background ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase

Comprehensive insight into the microbiota of the gut of humans and animals, as well as their living environment, in communities with a high background of antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance genes is scarce. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to describe the (dis)similarities in the microbiota of feces from humans (n = 107), domestic animals (n = 36), water (n = 89), and processed food (n = 74) in a cohort with individual history of antibiotic use in northern Vietnam. A significantly lower microbial diversity was observed among individuals who used antibiotics in the past 4 months (n = 44) compared to those who did not (n = 63). Fecal microbiota of humans was more diverse than nonhuman samples and shared a small part of its amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with feces from animals (7.4% (3.2–9.9)), water (2.2% (1.2–2.8)), and food (3.1% (1.5–3.1)). Sharing of ASVs between humans and companion animals was not associated with the household. However, we did observe a correlation between an Enterobacteriaceae ASV and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-group-2 encoding genes in feces from humans and animals (p = 1.6 × 10−3 and p = 2.6 × 10−2, respectively), hinting toward an exchange of antimicrobial-resistant strains between reservoirs.

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Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.040618-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 156 (11) ◽

pp. 3216-3223 ◽

Cited By ~ 550

Author(s):

Cecilia Jernberg ◽

Sonja Löfmark ◽

Charlotta Edlund ◽

Janet K. Jansson

Keyword(s):

Human Microbiome ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Human Gut ◽

Short Term ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Ecological Disturbances

Although it is known that antibiotics have short-term impacts on the human microbiome, recent evidence demonstrates that the impacts of some antibiotics remain for extended periods of time. In addition, antibiotic-resistant strains can persist in the human host environment in the absence of selective pressure. Both molecular- and cultivation-based approaches have revealed ecological disturbances in the microbiota after antibiotic administration, in particular for specific members of the bacterial community that are susceptible or alternatively resistant to the antibiotic in question. A disturbing consequence of antibiotic treatment has been the long-term persistence of antibiotic resistance genes, for example in the human gut. These data warrant use of prudence in the administration of antibiotics that could aggravate the growing battle with emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogenic strains.

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Emergence of blaNDM-5-producing Escherichia coli ST410 in Companion Dogs Treated with Meropenem

Pakistan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.29261/pakvetj/2020.073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (04) ◽

pp. 534-536

Author(s):

JY Oh

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Pfge Analysis ◽

E Coli ◽

Companion Dogs ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Resistant Phenotype ◽

Resistant Strains

Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) with a multidrug resistant phenotype was isolated from four clinically ill dogs treated with meropenem in different local animal hospitals between 2017 and 2019. IncX3-type plasmids of ca. 46 kb in size carrying blaNDM-5 were present in all CRE strains and their transconjugants. High genetic similarity (>90%) by PFGE analysis was observed among the CRE strains, which were identified as ST410.To the best of our knowledge, blaNDM-5-producing E. coli ST410 clones are emerging sporadically in companion dogs treated with meropenem. The spread of Enterobacteriaceae harboring the NDM-5 gene in companion animals can pose a threat to public health; therefore, extensive monitoring in veterinary hospitals using carbapenem and careful antibiotic use are crucial for managing and monitoring these resistant strains

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Concurrent acute illness and comorbid conditions poorly predict antibiotic use in upper respiratory tract infections: a cross-sectional analysis

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/1471-2334-7-47 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ilene H Zuckerman ◽

Eli N Perencevich ◽

Anthony D Harris

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Acute Illness ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Comorbid Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Variation in antibiotic use among neonatal intensive care units in the United States

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2021.379 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Hillary J.J. Spencer ◽

Keerti L. Dantuluri ◽

Cary Thurm ◽

Hannah Griffith ◽

Carlos G. Grijalva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care ◽

Intensive Care Units ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

The United States ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract Antibiotics are widely used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of antibiotic use across US NICUs to evaluate overall, broad-spectrum, and combination antibiotic use. Patterns of antibiotic use varied by medical versus surgical service line, hospital, and geographic location.

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On the Stability Landscape of the Human Gut Microbiome: Implications for Microbiome-based Therapies

10.1101/176941 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Travis E. Gibson ◽

Vincent Carey ◽

Amir Bashan ◽

Elizabeth L. Hohmann ◽

Scott T. Weiss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

New Method ◽

Human Gut ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Human Gut Microbiome ◽

Microbiome Research ◽

The Stability

AbstractUnderstanding how gut microbial species determine their abundances is crucial in developing any microbiome-based therapy. Towards that end, we show that the compositions of our gut microbiota have characteristic and attractive steady states, and hence respond to perturbations in predictable ways. This is achieved by developing a new method to analyze the stability landscape of the human gut microbiome. In order to illustrate the efficacy of our method and its ecological interpretation in terms of asymptotic stability, this novel method is applied to various human cohorts, including large cross-sectional studies, long longitudinal studies with frequent sampling, and perturbation studies via fecal microbiota transplantation, antibiotic and probiotic treatments. These findings will facilitate future ecological modeling efforts in human microbiome research. Moreover, the method allows for the prediction of the compositional shift of the gut microbiome during the fecal microbiota transplantation process. This result holds promise for translational applications, such as, personalized donor selection when performing fecal microbiota transplantations.One Sentence SummaryA new method for analyzing the stability landscape of the human gut microbiome and predicting its steady-state composition is developed.

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Ultramicrotomy as a Technique for Materials Specimen Preparation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135745 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 428-429

Author(s):

S.R. Glanvill

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

Structural Information ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surfaces And Interfaces ◽

Beam Analysis ◽

Flat Embedding ◽

20 Nm ◽

Sectional Analysis

This paper summarizes the application of ultramicrotomy as a specimen preparation technique for some of the Materials Science applications encountered over the past two years. Specimens 20 nm thick by hundreds of μm lateral dimension are readily prepared for electron beam analysis. Materials examined include metals, plastics, ceramics, superconductors, glassy carbons and semiconductors. We have obtain chemical and structural information from these materials using HRTEM, CBED, EDX and EELS analysis. This technique has enabled cross-sectional analysis of surfaces and interfaces of engineering materials and solid state electronic devices, as well as interdiffusion studies across adjacent layers.Samples are embedded in flat embedding moulds with Epon 812 epoxy resin / Methyl Nadic Anhydride mixture, using DY064 accelerator to promote the reaction. The embedded material is vacuum processed to remove trapped air bubbles, thereby improving the strength and sectioning qualities of the cured block. The resin mixture is cured at 60 °C for a period of 80 hr and left to equilibrate at room temperature.

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Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 206-217

Author(s):

Jianyuan Ni ◽

Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽

Jiang Zhang ◽

Yueqing Li ◽

Vinaya Manchaiah

Keyword(s):

Nonprofit Organizations ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

For Profit ◽

Common Reference ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Twitter Users ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Share Information

Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined. Results Around 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships. Conclusions Twitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.

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