scholarly journals Non-destructive Chemical Imaging of Bone Tissue for Intraoperative and Diagnostic Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kseniya S. Shin ◽  
Angel Wong ◽  
Colburn Cobb-Bruno ◽  
Eleanor Chen ◽  
Dan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Multimodal Imaging ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Orthopedic Oncology

Bone is difficult to image using traditional histopathological methods, leading to challenges in intraoperative consultations needed in orthopedic oncology. However, intraoperative pathological evaluation is critical in guiding surgical treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that a multimodal imaging approach that combines stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, two-photon fluorescence (TPF) microscopy, and second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy can provide useful diagnostic information regarding intact bone tissue fragments from surgical excision or biopsy specimens. We imaged bone samples from 14 patient cases and performed comprehensive chemical and morphological analyses of both mineral and organic components of bone. Our main findings show that carbonate content combined with morphometric analysis of bone organic matrix can separate several major classes of bone cancer associated diagnostic categories with an average accuracy of 92%. This proof-of-principle study demonstrate that multimodal imaging and machine learning-based analysis of bony tissue can provide crucial diagnostic information for guiding clinical decisions in orthopedic oncology.

scholarly journals Nonlinear optical microscopies (NOMs) and plasmon-enhanced NOMs for biology and 2D materials

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1358
Author(s):  
Jialin Ma ◽  
Mengtao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
2D Materials ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Anti Stokes ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractIn this review, we focus on the summary of nonlinear optical microscopies (NOMs), which are stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG), and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF). The introduction is divided into two parts: the principle of SRS, CARS, TPEF, and SHG and their application to biology and two-dimensional materials. We also introduce the connections and differences between them. We also discuss the principle of plasmon-enhanced NOM and its application in the above two aspects. This paper not only summarizes the research progress in the frontier but also deepens the readers’ understanding of the physical principles of these NOMs.

scholarly journals Stimulated Raman Microscopy Implemented by Three Femtosecond Laser Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Maria Antonietta Ferrara ◽  
Luigi Sirleto
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Laser Beams ◽  
Raman Gain ◽  
Harmonic Generator ◽  
Second Harmonic Generator ◽  
Laser Sources ◽  
Fingerprint Region ◽  
Stimulated Raman

In this work, the implementation of a femtosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering microscope, equipped with three femtosecond laser sources: a Titanium-Sapphire (Ti:Sa), an optical parametric oscillator (OPO), and a second harmonic generator (SHG); is presented. Our microscope is designed so that it can cover all the regions of Raman spectra, taking advantage of two possible laser combinations. The first, Ti:Sa and OPO laser beams, which cover the C-H region (>2800 cm-1 ) in stimulated Raman gain (SRG) modality, whereas the second, Ti:Sa and SHG laser beams, covering the C-H region and the fingerprint region in stimulated Raman losses (SRL) modality. The successful realization of the microscope is demonstrated, reporting images of polystyrene beads using both SRL and SRG modalities.

scholarly journals Nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite precipitation from abalone shell (Haliotis asinina) waste as the bioceramics candidate for bone tissue engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 184798042110328
Author(s):  
Hestining A Permatasari ◽  
Mona Sari ◽  
Aminatun ◽  
Tri Suciati ◽  
Kiagus Dahlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Crystallinity Degree ◽  
Carbonated Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Carbonate Substitution

In this study, nano-carbonated hydroxyapatite (n-CHAp) was successfully synthesized with abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) as the calcium source using precipitation methods with aging time variations, namely, 0 (without the aging process), 24, and 48 h. Based on an analysis of X-ray diffraction characterization, the spectrum of the n-CHAp is shown for all sample variations in aging time. The results of the calculation of lattice parameter values confirm that the phase formed is the B-type CHAp phase with the increasing crystallinity degree, crystallite size, particle size, and polydispersity which is confirmed by the presence of the CO32- functional group at 1438 cm−1 and 878 cm−1, that is, the B-type carbonate substitution characteristic. The presence of the carbonate ions identified as smaller during the extension of aging time causes the decreasing value of the Ca/P mole ratio but still has a value greater than the HAp Ca/P value (1.67), which is 1.80–1.72. Based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis, the nanometer-size of B-type CHAp particles was successfully obtained. According to the criteria for nanostructures, crystallographic properties, carbonate content, and chemical processes, B-type CHAp samples based on abalone shells ( Halioitis asinina) are one of the candidates in bioceramics for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Label-free chemical imaging flow cytometry by high-speed multicolor stimulated Raman scattering

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (32) ◽  
pp. 15842-15848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Suzuki ◽  
Koya Kobayashi ◽  
Yoshifumi Wakisaka ◽  
Dinghuan Deng ◽  
Shunji Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Fluorescent Labeling ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Imaging Flow Cytometry ◽  
Stimulated Raman

Combining the strength of flow cytometry with fluorescence imaging and digital image analysis, imaging flow cytometry is a powerful tool in diverse fields including cancer biology, immunology, drug discovery, microbiology, and metabolic engineering. It enables measurements and statistical analyses of chemical, structural, and morphological phenotypes of numerous living cells to provide systematic insights into biological processes. However, its utility is constrained by its requirement of fluorescent labeling for phenotyping. Here we present label-free chemical imaging flow cytometry to overcome the issue. It builds on a pulse pair-resolved wavelength-switchable Stokes laser for the fastest-to-date multicolor stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy of fast-flowing cells on a 3D acoustic focusing microfluidic chip, enabling an unprecedented throughput of up to ∼140 cells/s. To show its broad utility, we use the SRS imaging flow cytometry with the aid of deep learning to study the metabolic heterogeneity of microalgal cells and perform marker-free cancer detection in blood.

scholarly journals Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Bone Defects Treated with Additively Manufactured Porous Metallic Biomaterials: The Effects of Inelastic Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Marianne Koolen ◽  
Saber Amin Yavari ◽  
Karel Lietaert ◽  
Ruben Wauthle ◽  
Amir A. Zadpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Metallic Biomaterials ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Porous Biomaterials

Additively manufactured (AM) porous metallic biomaterials, in general, and AM porous titanium, in particular, have recently emerged as promising candidates for bone substitution. The porous design of such materials allows for mimicking the elastic mechanical properties of native bone tissue and showed to be effective in improving bone regeneration. It is, however, not clear what role the other mechanical properties of the bulk material such as ductility play in the performance of such biomaterials. In this study, we compared the bone tissue regeneration performance of AM porous biomaterials made from the commonly used titanium alloy Ti6Al4V-ELI with that of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). CP-Ti was selected because of its high ductility as compared to Ti6Al4V-ELI. Critical-sized (6 mm diameter) femoral defects in rats were treated with implants made from both Ti6Al4V-ELI and CP-Ti. Bone regeneration was assessed up to 11 weeks using micro-CT scanning. The regenerated bone volume was assessed ex vivo followed by histology and biomechanical testing to assess osseointegration of the implants. The bony defects treated with AM CP-Ti implants generally showed higher volumes of regenerated bone as compared to those treated with AM Ti6Al4V-ELI. The torsional strength of the two titanium groups were similar however, and both considerably lower than those measured for intact bony tissue. These findings show the importance of material type and ductility of the bulk material in the ability for bone tissue regeneration of AM porous biomaterials.

Diagnosis and Conservative Surgical Management of Chondrosarcoma of the Larynx

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius N. Hicks ◽  
E. Earl Walker ◽  
E. Eugene Moor
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Cricoid Cartilage ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Diagnostic Information ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Cartilaginous Tumor

Tumors of cartilage rarely occur in the larynx. Most laryngologists see no more than one of these tumors. Therefore, information about the general knowledge, early diagnosis, and surgical treatment of these tumors accumulates slowly. In this paper we will discuss one type of cartilaginous tumor: chondrosarcoma of the cricoid cartilage. We will review general diagnostic information about this tumor, present a case report, and describe a method of conservative surgical excision.

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