scholarly journals Effect of salinity and water dilution on environmental DNA degradation in freshwater environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Saito ◽  
Hideyuki Doi
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Free Cell ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Water Dilution

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis methods have been developed to detect the distribution and abundance/biomass of organisms in various environments. eDNA generally degrades quickly, thus the study of eDNA degradation is critical for eDNA evaluation. However, there have only been a few studies of eDNA degradation experiments in which the salt concentration and water dilution were controlled. In this study, the effects of degradation were experimentally evaluated by controlling the salinity and water dilution of pond water. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity and dilution on eDNA detection with fragmental eDNA and free cell-derived eDNA using pond water, diluted pond water, and saline pond water. We quantified the eDNA copies of free cells, fragmental DNA, and the eDNA from Cyprinus carpio. In both the diluted and saline pond water, we found that the degradation rate of eDNA was much slower than that in pond water. Furthermore, the DNA concentration did not exponentially decrease in both the saline purified water and purified water samples. For the lower degradation rate in salt water, we interpreted that salts may affect DNA degradation factors such as microbe compositions and activities. The effect of salinity and dilution on eDNA detection provides fundamental information about the degradation process of eDNA, which is essential to understand the behavior of eDNA in natural environments.

scholarly journals Degradation modeling of water environmental DNA: Experiments on multiple DNA sources in pond and seawater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Saito ◽  
Hideyuki Doi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Degradation Models

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) methods have been developed to detect organism distribution and abundance/biomass in various environments. eDNA degradation is critical for eDNA evaluation. However, the dynamics and mechanisms of eDNA degradation are largely unknown, especially when considering different eDNA sources, e.g., cells and fragmental DNA. We experimentally evaluated the degradation rates of eDNA derived from multiple sources, including fragmental DNA, free cells, and inhabiting species. We conducted the experiment with pond and seawater to evaluate the differences between freshwater and marine habitats. We quantified the eDNA copies of free cells, fragmental DNA, and inhabiting species (Cyprinus carpio in the pond and Trachurus japonicus in the sea). Our results show that eDNA derived from both cells and fragmental DNA decreased exponentially in both the sea and pond samples. The degradation of eDNA from inhabiting species showed similar behavior to the cell-derived eDNA. We evaluated three degradation models with different assumptions and degradation steps and found that a simple exponential model is effective in most cases. Our findings on cell- and fragmental DNA-derived eDNA provide fundamental information about the eDNA degradation process and can be applied to elucidate eDNA behavior in natural environments.

Assessing flood risk and detecting changes of salt water inflow in a coastal micro-tidal brackish marsh using GIS

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Urbański ◽  
Agata Ślimak
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Brackish Marsh ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Baltic Coast

Assessing flood risk and detecting changes of salt water inflow in a coastal micro-tidal brackish marsh using GISIn order to assess changes in salt water inflow and potential flood risks due to sea level rise in a micro-tidal Beka brackish marsh on the Polish Baltic Coast GIS was used. Such wetlands are important elements of coastal zone natural environments. Creating a geodatabase within a GIS system makes it possible to carry out broad analyses of complex systems, such as coastal wetlands. The results indicate that a 40 cm sea-level rise would considerably increase the frequency of flooding in the investigated area, in part because of the small range of the annual sea level oscillations there. A map of the index of changes in saltwater inflow, created with the help of cost-weighted distance (functions), shows that changes which have occurred along the shore, consisting of filling in the drainage channel outlets, have likely had a significant impact on the vegetation of the area.

scholarly journals Simultaneous absolute quantification and sequencing of fish environmental DNA in a mesocosm by quantitative sequencing technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiko Hoshino ◽  
Ryohei Nakao ◽  
Hideyuki Doi ◽  
Toshifumi Minamoto
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Target Sequence

AbstractThe combination of high-throughput sequencing technology and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has the potential to be a powerful tool for comprehensive, non-invasive monitoring of species in the environment. To understand the correlation between the abundance of eDNA and that of species in natural environments, we have to obtain quantitative eDNA data, usually via individual assays for each species. The recently developed quantitative sequencing (qSeq) technique enables simultaneous phylogenetic identification and quantification of individual species by counting random tags added to the 5′ end of the target sequence during the first DNA synthesis. Here, we applied qSeq to eDNA analysis to test its effectiveness in biodiversity monitoring. eDNA was extracted from water samples taken over 4 days from aquaria containing five fish species (Hemigrammocypris neglectus, Candidia temminckii, Oryzias latipes, Rhinogobius flumineus, and Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), and quantified by qSeq and microfluidic digital PCR (dPCR) using a TaqMan probe. The eDNA abundance quantified by qSeq was consistent with that quantified by dPCR for each fish species at each sampling time. The correlation coefficients between qSeq and dPCR were 0.643, 0.859, and 0.786 for H. neglectus, O. latipes, and M. anguillicaudatus, respectively, indicating that qSeq accurately quantifies fish eDNA.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Iron-Based Photo-Driven Processes by the Presence of Catechol Moieties

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Javier Moreno-Andrés ◽  
Iván Vallés ◽  
Paula García-Negueroles ◽  
Lucas Santos-Juanes ◽  
Antonio Arques
Keyword(s):  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Fenton System

Photo-induced Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) using H2O2 or S2O82− as radical precursors were assessed for the abatement of six different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). In order to increase the efficiency of these AOPs at a wider pH range, the catechol organic functional compound was studied as a potential assistant in photo-driven iron-based processes. Different salinity regimes were also studied (in terms of Cl− concentration), namely low salt water (1 g·L−1) or a salt–water (30 g·L−1) matrix. Results obtained revealed that the presence of catechol could efficiently assist the photo-Fenton system and partly promote the photo-induced S2O82− system, which was highly dependent on salinity. Regarding the behavior of individual CECs, the photo-Fenton reaction was able to enhance the degradation of all six CECs, meanwhile the S2O82−-based process showed a moderate enhancement for acetaminophen, amoxicillin or clofibric acid. Finally, a response-surface methodology was employed to determine the effect of pH and catechol concentration on the different photo-driven processes. Catechol was removed during the degradation process. According to the results obtained, the presence of catechol in organic macromolecules can bring some advantages in water treatment for either freshwater (wastewater) or seawater (maritime or aquaculture industry).

scholarly journals Estimation accuracy of species abundance based on environmental DNA with relation to its production source, state, and assay methodology suggested by meta-analyses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Jo ◽  
Hiroki Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Efficient Estimation ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Promising Tool

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a promising tool for non-disruptive and cost-efficient estimation of species abundance. However, its practical applicability in natural environments is limited because it is unclear whether eDNA concentrations actually represent species abundance in the field. Although the importance of accounting for eDNA dynamics, such as transport and degradation, has been discussed, the influences of eDNA characteristics, including production source and state, and methodology, including collection and quantification strategy and abundance metrics, on the accuracy of eDNA-based abundance estimation were entirely overlooked. We conducted a meta-analysis using 56 previous eDNA literature and investigated the relationships between the accuracy (R2) of eDNA-based abundance estimation and eDNA characteristics and methodology. Our meta-regression analysis found that R2 values were significantly lower for crustaceans than fish, suggesting that less frequent eDNA production owing to their external morphology and physiology may impede accurate estimation of their abundance via eDNA. Moreover, R2 values were positively associated with filter pore size, indicating that selective collection of larger-sized eDNA, which is typically fresher, could improve the estimation accuracy of species abundance. Furthermore, R2 values were significantly lower for natural than laboratory conditions, while there was no difference in the estimation accuracy among natural environments. Our findings shed a new light on the importance of what characteristics of eDNA should be targeted for more accurate estimation of species abundance. Further empirical studies are required to validate our findings and fully elucidate the relationship between eDNA characteristics and eDNA-based abundance estimation.

Photoelectrocatalytic Properties of Porous TiO2 Films Prepared Using ODA as Template

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 521-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jie Zhang ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Hong Bo He
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Absorption Peak ◽  
Photocatalytic Process ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Photoelectrocatalytic Degradation

The functions of applied potential to the photoelectrocatalytic degradation process of methyl orange were investigated. When using 0.05 M NaCl and under different applied potentials, the degradation rate increased obviously with increasing applied potential. When the applied potential was between 0.6 V-1.0 V, the degradation rate was enhanced drastically. The detected current values got larger as the applied potential increased from 0 up to 1.2 V. There was no direct electro-degradation to the dye in the solution. The applied potential and the irradiated light had synergetic effect when they were applied to the solution at the same time. While after irradiation for 0 to 60 min, with the increasing reaction time, methyl orange absorption peak intensity shrank obviously. The azo and benzene groups in methyl orange degraded totally under photocatalytic process.

Enhanced Biodegradation of Aniline under Anoxic Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin You Shen ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Xiu Yun Sun ◽  
Jian Sheng Li ◽  
Lian Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Anoxic Condition ◽  
Aerobic Degradation ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Enhanced Biodegradation

Recalcitrant and toxic organic pollutants such as aniline from numerous industrial wastewaters can not be efficiently removed using the conventional methods. This study reported a concept for mineralization of aniline in an anoxic reactor, where enhanced biodegradation of aniline were achieved under anoxic conditions. The results indicated that with the presence of nitrate, the degradation rate of aniline was greatly improved compared with the absence of nitrate. From the UV-vis adsorption spectra, COD analysis and denitrification performance analysis, it could be inferred that the cleavage of benzene ring of aniline occurred, aniline could be mineralization by microorganisms under the anoxic condition. However, aniline removal rate was lower compared to aerobic degradation process, and thus needs a significant improvement.

The effect of temperature on environmental DNA degradation of Japanese eel

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihide Kasai ◽  
Shingo Takada ◽  
Aya Yamazaki ◽  
Reiji Masuda ◽  
Hiroki Yamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Japanese Eel ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

scholarly journals Improving herpetological surveys in eastern North America using the environmental DNA method

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 991-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anaïs Lacoursière-Roussel ◽  
Yohann Dubois ◽  
Eric Normandeau ◽  
Louis Bernatchez
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Declining Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Wood Turtle

Among vertebrates, herpetofauna has the highest proportion of declining species. Detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) is a promising method towards significantly increasing large-scale herpetological conservation efforts. However, the integration of eDNA results within a management framework requires an evaluation of the efficiency of the method in large natural environments and the calibration of eDNA surveys with the quantitative monitoring tools currently used by conservation biologists. Towards this end, we first developed species-specific primers to detect the wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta) a species at risk in Canada, by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The rate of eDNA detection obtained by qPCR was also compared to the relative abundance of this species in nine rivers obtained by standardized visual surveys in the Province of Québec (Canada). Second, we developed multi-species primers to detect North American amphibian and reptile species using eDNA metabarcoding analysis. An occurrence index based on the distribution range and habitat type was compared with the eDNA metabarcoding dataset from samples collected in seven lakes and five rivers. Our results empirically support the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding to characterize herpetological species distributions. Moreover, detection rates provided similar results to standardized visual surveys currently used to develop conservation strategies for the wood turtle. We conclude that eDNA detection rates may provide an effective semiquantitative survey tool, provided that assay calibration and standardization is performed.

Photocatalytic removal of taste and odour compounds for drinking water treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tran ◽  
G. M. Evans ◽  
Y. Yan ◽  
A. V. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants

Photocatalytic degradation of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which are two taste and odour compounds commonly found in drinking water supply sources, was investigated using an immobilised TiO2 photoreactor. It was found that the degradation of geosmin and MIB followed similar pseudo-first-order kinetics with reaction rate constants being approximately 0.025 min−1 for typical geosmin and MIB concentrations of 250 and 500 ng/L. The normalised formal quantum efficiency was calculated to be in the range of 162–182 L/mol. Influence of additives (i.e. sodium bicarbonate and alcohols) on the degradation process was also investigated. It was found that there was a small reduction in the degradation rate constants of geosmin and MIB with increasing sodium bicarbonate concentration. At 50 mg/L sodium bicarbonate the degradation rate constants decreased by approximately 5%. Similarly, for methanol and ethanol concentrations up to 35 and 50 mg/L, respectively, these constants were found to also decrease. While addition of sodium bicarbonate and alcohols was seen to have relatively small negative effects on the photocatalytic degradation performance, the magnitude of their influence was consistent with the hypothesis that the degradation mechanism of geosmin and MIB was predominately that of attack involving HO∙ radicals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document