scholarly journals Effects of vapor exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the Maine Lobster (Homarus americanus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Gutierrez ◽  
Kevin M Creehan ◽  
Mitchell Turner ◽  
Rachelle N Tran ◽  
Tony M Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Thermal Nociception ◽  
Nociceptive Responses ◽  
History Of Use

Rationale: Despite a long history of use in synaptic physiology, the lobster has been a neglected model for behavioral pharmacology. A restauranteur proposed that exposing lobster to cannabis smoke reduces anxiety and pain during the cooking process. It is unknown if lobster gill respiration in air would result in significant Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) uptake and whether this would have any detectable behavioral effects. Objective: The primary goal was to determine tissue THC levels in the lobster after exposure to THC vapor. Secondary goals were to determine if THC vapor altered locomotor behavior or nociception. Methods: Tissue samples were collected from muscle, brain and hemolymph of Homarus americanus (N=3 per group) following 30 or 60 minutes of exposure to vapor generated by an e-cigarette device using THC (100 mg/mL in a propylene glycol vehicle). Separate experiments assessed locomotor behavior and hot water nociceptive responses following THC vapor exposure. Results: THC vapor produced duration-related THC levels in all tissues examined. Locomotor activity was decreased (distance, speed, time-mobile) by 30 min inhalation of THC. Lobsters exhibit a temperature-dependent withdrawal response to immersion of tail, antennae or claws in warm water; this is novel evidence of thermal nociception for this species. THC exposure for 60 minutes had only marginal effect on nociception under the conditions assessed. Conclusions: Vapor exposure of lobsters, using an e-cigarette based model, produces dose-dependent THC levels in all tissues and reduces locomotor activity. Hot water nociception is temperature dependent in the lobster, but no clear effects of THC inhalation were confirmed.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) Aqueous Extracts in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats)

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
LF Zitte ◽  
RS Konya
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Nociceptive Responses

Antinociceptive is reducing sensitivity to painful stimuli for the individual. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive potentials of graded doses of Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster Mushroom) aqueous extract in Rattus norvegicus (Albino Rats) and its chemical pattern by comparing it with a standard drug and a control using the hot water based flick tail test. Thirty five adult rats of both sexes were used for the experiment which, were divided into five groups of seven rats per group. Group one was used as the control (with 1ml normal saline), while groups two, three and four were treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extracts and group five treated with 15 mg/kg Aspirin (a standard drug) as positive control. Hot water at 550C was used to determine the nociceptive responses of the animals to detect anti-nociceptive effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts as compared to the control in hot water inflicted pain. The results suggested that Pleurotus ostreatus aqueous extract exhibits antinociceptive properties against thermal stimulus at 550C. The diversity of individual animals’ pain tolerance threshold when immersed in hot water was also observed during the experiment. However, the extract indicated a high degree of anti-nociceptive effect at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes post treatment period, with a progressively longer threshold time for pain sensitivity. It was also found that at 90 minute period, the control portrayed a relatively short response time.KEY WORDS: Anti-nociceptive, threshold pain, Pleurotus ostreatus, hot water test flick tail.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs Regulate Multiple Aspects of Locomotor Behavior in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Nathan C. Donelson ◽  
Richa Dixit ◽  
Israel Pichardo-Casas ◽  
Eva Y. Chiu ◽  
Robert T. Ohman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
The Many ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Movement Tracking

Locomotion is an ancient and fundamental output of the nervous system required for animals to perform many other complex behaviors. Although the formation of motor circuits is known to be under developmental control of transcriptional mechanisms that define the fates and connectivity of the many neurons, glia and muscle constituents of these circuits, relatively little is known about the role of post-transcriptional regulation of locomotor behavior. MicroRNAs have emerged as a potentially rich source of modulators for neural development and function. In order to define the microRNAs required for normal locomotion in Drosophila melanogaster, we utilized a set of transgenic Gal4-dependent competitive inhibitors (microRNA sponges, or miR-SPs) to functionally assess ca. 140 high-confidence Drosophila microRNAs using automated quantitative movement tracking systems followed by multiparametric analysis. Using ubiquitous expression of miR-SP constructs, we identified a large number of microRNAs that modulate aspects of normal baseline adult locomotion. Addition of temperature-dependent Gal80 to identify microRNAs that act during adulthood revealed that the majority of these microRNAs play developmental roles. Comparison of ubiquitous and neural-specific miR-SP expression suggests that most of these microRNAs function within the nervous system. Parallel analyses of spontaneous locomotion in adults and in larvae also reveal that very few of the microRNAs required in the adult overlap with those that control the behavior of larval motor circuits. These screens suggest that a rich regulatory landscape underlies the formation and function of motor circuits and that many of these mechanisms are stage and/or parameter-specific.

scholarly journals Analysis of energy signatures and planning of heating and domestic hot water energy use in buildings in Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Tymofii Tereshchenko, ◽  
Dmytro Ivanko ◽  
Natasa Nord ◽  
Igor Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Dependent Part ◽  
Energy Signature

Widespread introduction of low energy buildings (LEBs), passive houses, and zero emission buildings (ZEBs) are national target in Norway. In order to achieve better energy performance in these types of buildings and successfully integrate them in energy system, reliable planning and prediction techniques for heat energy use are required. However, the issue of energy planning in LEBs currently remains challenging for district heating companies. This article proposed an improved methodology for planning and analysis of domestic hot water and heating energy use in LEBs based on energy signature method. The methodology was tested on a passive school in Oslo, Norway. In order to divide energy signature curve on temperature dependent and independent parts, it was proposed to use piecewise regression. Each of these parts were analyzed separately. The problem of dealing with outliers and selection of the factors that had impact of energy was considered. For temperature dependent part, the different methods of modelling were compared by statistical criteria. The investigation showed that linear multiple regression model resulted in better accuracy in the prediction than SVM, PLS, and LASSO models. In order to explain temperature independent part of energy signature the hourly profiles of energy use were developed.

scholarly journals Emergence of consistent intra-individual locomotor patterns during zebrafish development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Fitzgerald ◽  
Krishna T. Kirla ◽  
Carl P. Zinner ◽  
Colette M. vom Berg
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Response Strength ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Individual Consistency ◽  
Increased Activity

AbstractThe analysis of larval zebrafish locomotor behavior has emerged as a powerful indicator of perturbations in the nervous system and is used in many fields of research, such as neuroscience, toxicology or drug discovery. The behavior of larval zebrafish, however, is highly variable, resulting in the use of high numbers of animals and the inability to detect small effects. In this study, we analyzed whether individual locomotor behavior is stable over development and whether behavioral parameters correlate with physiological and morphological features of the larvae, with the aim to better understand variability and predictability of larval locomotor behavior. We found that locomotor activity of individuals is consistent within the same day and becomes predictable during development especially during dark phases, when larvae are performing exploratory light-searching behavior and display increased activity. Stimulus induced startle responses were less predictable for an individual, and response strength did not correlate with inherent locomotor activity. Moreover, locomotor activity was not associated with physiological and morphological features of the larva (resting heart rate, body length, size of the swim bladder). These findings highlight the areas of intra-individual consistency, which could be used to improve the sensitivity of assays using zebrafish locomotor activity as an endpoint.

scholarly journals Quantitative Hydrogen Chloride Detection in Combustion Environments Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with Comprehensive Investigation of Hot Water Interference

2022 ◽  
pp. 000370282110608
Author(s):  
Wubin Weng ◽  
Jim Larsson ◽  
Joakim Bood ◽  
Marcus Aldén ◽  
Zhongshan Li
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tunable Diode Laser ◽  
Laser Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Diode Laser Absorption

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) monitoring during combustion/gasification of biomass fuels and municipal solid waste, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and food residues, is demanded to avoid the adverse effect of HCl to furnace operation and to improve the quality of the gas products. Infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-TDLAS) is a feasible nonintrusive in-situ method for HCl measurements in harsh environments. In the present work, the measurement was performed using the R(3) line of the ν2 vibrational band of HCl at 5739.25 cm–1 (1742.4 nm). Water vapor is ubiquitous in combustion/gasification environments, and its spectral interference is one of the most common challenges for IR-TDLAS. Spectral analysis based on the current well-known databases was found to be insufficient to achieve an accurate measurement. The lack of accurate temperature-dependent water spectra can introduce thousands parts per million (ppm) HCl overestimation. For the first time, accurate spectroscopic data of temperature-dependent water spectra near 5739.3 cm–1 were obtained based on a systematic experimental investigation of the hot water lines in a well-controlled, hot flue gas with a temperature varying from 1100 to 1950 K. With the accurate knowledge of hot water interference, the HCl TDLAS system can achieve a detection limit of about 100 ppm⋅m at around 1500 K, and simultaneously the gas temperature can be derived. The technique was applied to measure the temporally resolved HCl release and local temperature over burning PVC particles in hot flue gas at 1790 K.

scholarly journals Using temperature-dependent embryonic growth models to predict time of hatch of American lobster (Homarus americanus) in nature

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Miller ◽  
Marthe Larsen Haarr ◽  
Rémy Rochette
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Frequent Sampling ◽  
Hatch Period

Hatch time of American lobster (Homarus americanus) varies between years and regions, which affects temperature experienced by the developing larvae and hence the time and distance these drift before settling. Hatch time can be assessed by working with fishermen and inspecting the brood of gravid females caught in their traps. However, this would require frequent sampling as the hatch period is protracted (≈7–12 weeks) and would require dedicated sampling in many regions where hatching occurs outside of the fishing season. To address these limitations, we tested the accuracy with which hatch time can be predicted by taking egg samples during the fishing season and estimating embryo development using embryonic eye size (Perkins eye index) and lab-derived, temperature-dependent development functions. Using a linear development function and observed variability in Perkins eye index at hatch, we successfully predicted 100% of the observed 50-day hatch period, and 96% of predicted hatch dates fell within this period. Our results suggest that samples can be obtained in collaboration with fishermen to predict the timing and progression of hatch of American lobster.

scholarly journals Comparison of Steam Pasteurization and Other Methods for Reduction of Pathogens on Surfaces of Freshly Slaughtered Beef

1997 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANDALL K. PHEBUS ◽  
ABBEY L. NUTSCH ◽  
DAVID E. SCHAFER ◽  
R. CRAIG WILSON ◽  
M. JAMES RIEMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Water Steam ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Steam Pasteurization

The effectiveness of a recently invented “steam pasteurization” (S) process in reducing pathogenic bacterial populations on surfaces of freshly slaughtered beef was determined and compared with that of other standard commercial methods including knife trimming (T), water washing (35°C; W), hot water/steam vacuum spot cleaning (V), and spraying with 2% vol/vol lactic acid (54°C, pH 2.25; L). These decontamination treatments were tested individually and in combinations. Cutaneus trunci muscles from freshly slaughtered steers were inoculated with feces containing Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Escherichia coli OI57:H7, and Salmonella typhimurium over a predesignated meat surface area, resulting in initial populations of ca. 5 log CFU/cm2 of each pathogen. Tissue samples were excised from each portion before and after decontamination treatments, and mean population reductions were determined. Treatment combinations evaluated were the following (treatment designations within the abbreviations indicate the order of application): TW, TWS, WS, VW, VWS, TWLS, and VWLS. These combinations resulted in reductions ranging from 3.5 to 5.3 log CFU/cm2 in all three pathogen populations. The TW, TWS, WS, TWLS, and VWLS combinations were equally effective (P > 0.05), resulting in reductions ranging from 4.2 to 5.3 log CFU/cm2. When used individually, T, V, and S resulted in pathogen reductions ranging from 2.5 to 3.7 log CFU/cm2 Steam pasteurization consistently provided numerically greater pathogen reductions than T or V. Treatments T, V, and S were all more effective than W (which gave a reduction on the order of 1.0 log CFU/cm2). Steam pasteurization is an effective method for reducing pathogenic bacterial populations on surfaces of freshly slaughtered beef, with multiple decontamination procedures providing greatest overall reductions.

Natural and induced bactericidal activities in the hemolymph of the lobster, Homarus americanus: products of hemocyte–plasma interaction

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1499-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
B. M. Zwicker
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Physiological Value

The salient features of this study of the enhancement of bactericidal activity in the hemolymph of the American lobster were as follows: (a) increase in response to a number of non-pathogens isolated from the lobster's intestinal tract (several pseudomonads, an Achromobacter and Sarcina lutea), (b) one isolate identified as Pseudomonas perolens was used for the bulk of the studies, (c) apparent bactericidal activity of the hemolymph increased severalfold with reduction of the pH of the assay system from the physiological value of 7.6 to a value of 6.0, (d) the extent of the enhancement in vivo was roughly proportional to the concentration of the vaccine, (e) the bactericidal activity's enhancement in vivo was temperature dependent, (f) heat-stability trials indicated the probable presence of more than one bactericidin, (g) the bactericidal principle(s) exists in vivo in an inactive form until activated by material contained within the hemocytes, (h) no protection against Gaffkya homari was conferred on the lobster by prior treatment with vaccines prepared from P. perolens, G. homari, or S. lutea.

Changes in CNS responses to high pressure during maturation of newborn mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Mansfield ◽  
R. W. Brauer ◽  
H. W. Gillen ◽  
K. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Vertebrate Central Nervous System

From birth to maturity CD-2 mice were exposed to progressively increasing pressures of helium-oxygen. In all age groups a regular progression of changes in locomotor behavior was observed including, in sequence, increased locomotor activity and two types of convulsions designated as types I and II. The effects of altering compression rate and of reserpine pretreatment were recorded for all age groups. Maturation in these mice is associated with increased resistance to high-pressure neurological syndrome convulsions of either type, in contrast to what might have been expected from previous phylogenetic studies. The patterns in development of the two seizure types differ greatly in detail, further supporting the previously advanced inference that they represent neurological events that differ in kind rather than merely quantitatively. The effect of the results on theories that concern the mechanism of action of pressure on the vertebrate central nervous system is discussed.

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