Hidden fraction of Polish population immune to SARS-CoV-2 in May 2021

Population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 derives from two well-defined and controlled sources: vaccinations or diagnosed and registered cases of the disease. It may however also result from asymptomatic, oligosymptomatic, or even full-blown but undiagnosed and unregistered cases from which patients recovered at home. Here we present a population screening for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgA antibodies in Polish citizens (healthy adults, N=501) who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were collected in Wrocław (Lower Silesia) on 15th and 22nd May 2021. Sera from COVID-19 patients with a severe course (hospitalized) (N=43) or had been vaccinated (N=14) served as a positive control. The patients were tested with Microblot-Array COVID-19 IgG and IgA (quantitative) that contain specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens: NCP, RBD, Spike S2, E, ACE2, PLPro protein, as well as antigens for exclusion cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, HCoV 229E Np, HCoV NL63 Np. Within the investigated population of healthy adults who had never been positively diagnosed with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, we found that 35.5% (178 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and 52.5% (263 out of 501) were positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA; 21.6% of the investigated population developed virus-specific IgG or IgA while being asymptomatic. Anti-RBD IgG, which represents virus-neutralizing potential, was found in 25.6% of individuals (128 out of 501). These patients, though positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, cannot be identified in the public health system as convalescents due to undiagnosed infections, and they are considered unaffected by SARS-CoV-2. Their contribution to population immunity against COVID-19 should however be considered in predictions and modeling of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of note, the majority of the investigated population still lacked anti-RBD IgG protection (74.4%); thus the positive fraction is not sufficient for effective population immunity, and vaccination against COVID-19 is still of the most importance for controlling the pandemic.

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Neutralization of B.1.1.28 P2 variant with sera of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and recipients of BBV152 vaccine

10.1101/2021.04.30.441559 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gajanan Sapkal ◽

Pragya Yadav ◽

Raches Ella ◽

Priya Abraham ◽

Deepak Patil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health System ◽

Public Health System ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Vaccine Regimen ◽

The Public ◽

Neutralizing Potential ◽

Dose Vaccine

The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has been a serious threat to the public health system and vaccination program. The variant of concerns have been the under investigation for their neutralizing potential against the currently available COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we have determined the neutralization efficacy of B.1.1.28.2 variant with the convalescent sera of individuals with natural infection and BBV152 vaccination. The two-dose vaccine regimen significantly boosted the IgG titer and neutralizing efficacy against both B.1.1.28.2 and D614G variants compared to that seen with natural infection. The study demonstrated 1.92 and 1.09 fold reductions in the neutralizing titer against B.1.1.28.2 variant in comparison with prototype D614G variant with sera of vaccine recipients and natural infection respectively.

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Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1017/s1073110500012961 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 202-203

Author(s):

Robert Chatham

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Public Health System ◽

Municipal Hospital ◽

The Public ◽

Public Benefit ◽

For Profit ◽

Benefit Corporation ◽

The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

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The PIRASOA® programme: implementation and first outcomes of an infection control programme based on educational intervention bundle in all hospitals of the public health system of Andalusia, Spain

10.26226/morressier.56d6be7fd462b80296c95bce ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Jose Miguel Cisneros Herreros

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Infection Control ◽

Health System ◽

Educational Intervention ◽

Public Health System ◽

Control Programme ◽

Programme Implementation ◽

The Public ◽

Infection Control Programme

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Adjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin H7 vaccine to highly pathogenic influenza A(H7N9) elicits high and sustained antibody responses in healthy adults

npj Vaccines ◽

10.1038/s41541-021-00287-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christine M. Oshansky ◽

◽

James King ◽

Di Lu ◽

James Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Study Groups ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Response Strategy ◽

Seroprotection Rate ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Homologous Virus ◽

Human Infections ◽

Epidemic Wave

AbstractAn unprecedented number of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) in the fifth epidemic wave during the winter of 2016–2017 in China and their antigenic divergence from the viruses that emerged in 2013 prompted development of updated vaccines for pandemic preparedness. We report on the findings of a clinical study in healthy adults designed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of three dose levels of recombinant influenza vaccine derived from highly pathogenic A/Guangdong/17SF003/2016 (H7N9) virus adjuvanted with AS03 or MF59 oil-in water emulsions. Most of the six study groups meet the FDA CBER-specified vaccine licensure criterion of 70% seroprotection rate (SPR) for hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to the homologous virus. A substantial proportion of subjects show high cross-reactivity to antigenically distinct heterologous A(H7N9) viruses from the first epidemic wave of 2013. These results provide critical information to develop a pandemic response strategy and support regulatory requirements for vaccination under Emergency Use Authorization.

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The high cost patients on waiting list for the Liver Transplantation. main burdens and consequences for the Public Health System

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.1302 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. A224

Author(s):

J.A. Turri ◽

L.B. Haddad ◽

W. Andrauss ◽

L.A. D’Albuquerque ◽

M.A. Diniz

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Liver Transplantation ◽

Health System ◽

Public Health System ◽

Waiting List ◽

The Public

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Development of a probabilistic model for quantitative risk assessment of COVID-19 in Brazil

International Journal of Modern Physics C ◽

10.1142/s0129183121500698 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2150069

Author(s):

Paulo Gabriel Santos Campos de Siqueira ◽

Alexandre Calumbi Antunes de Oliveira ◽

Heitor Oliveira Duarte ◽

Márcio das Chagas Moura

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Health System ◽

Probabilistic Model ◽

Public Health System ◽

The Other ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

The Public ◽

Business As Usual ◽

Excessive Number

We have developed a probabilistic model to quantify the risks of COVID-19 explosion in Brazil, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Latin America. By explosion, we mean an excessive number of new infections that would overload the public health system. We made predictions from July 12th to Oct 10th, 2020 for various containment strategies, including business as usual, stay at home (SAH) for young and elderly, flight restrictions among regions, gradual resumption of business and the compulsory wearing of masks. They indicate that: if a SAH strategy were sustained, there would be a negligible risk of explosion and the public health system would not be overloaded. For the other containment strategies, the scenario that combines the gradual resumption of business with the mandatory wearing of masks would be the most effective, reducing risk to considerable category. Should this strategy is applied together with the investment in more Intensive Care Unit beds, risk could be reduced to negligible levels. A sensitivity analysis sustained that risks would be negligible if SAH measures were adopted thoroughly.

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Physical and Psychological Effects of On-line Exercise for Pregnant Women using the Public Health System during with COVID-19 era

Sports Science ◽

10.46394/iss.39.3.38 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 337-344

Author(s):

Ah-Hyun Hyun

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health System ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Public Health System ◽

Psychological Effects ◽

The Public ◽

On Line

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Cost-consequence analysis of Pharmaceutical Care program for systemic arterial hypertension in the public health system in Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1590/s2175-97902017000300217 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Maurílio de Souza Cazarim ◽

Altacílio Aparecido Nunes ◽

Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Health System ◽

Pharmaceutical Care ◽

Public Health System ◽

Care Program ◽

The Public ◽

Consequence Analysis ◽

Systemic Arterial Hypertension ◽

Cost Consequence

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Clinical attention and assistance profile of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2011000200005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (2a) ◽

pp. 170-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Núbia Maria Freire Vieira Lima ◽

Anamarli Nucci

Keyword(s):

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Public Health System ◽

Primary Caregivers ◽

Multidisciplinary Care ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Home Nursing ◽

The Public ◽

Specialized Care ◽

Als Patients ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional status of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients diagnosed at this institution; to analyze hospital and palliative care; to identify patients' knowledge about home care and supportive resources. METHOD: Twenty-nine patients were evaluated on the ALSFRS-R scale and two semi-structured questionnaires, at the start of the study and every four months thereafter for 1 year. RESULTS: ALSFRS-R score was 30.1±11.5 initially and 24.4±10.5 at 1 year. There was an increase in use of physiotherapeutic care and adaptive aids. The primary caregivers were spouses (55.2%), parents/children/cousins (20.7%), friends (10.3%) and private nurses (3.5%); 10.3% of patients had no caregivers. Basic ALS patient care was provided by the public health system. CONCLUSION: ALS patients' multidisciplinary care was provided by UNICAMP hospital and its outpatient clinics and, in some patients, complemented by a private health plan or personal expenditure. Few ALS patients were aware of the possibility of home nursing. It is necessary to implement national and regional public home nursing in addition to multidisciplinary specialized care of ALS patients.

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