scholarly journals Inequality in access to dental services in a market-based dental care system. A population study from Norway 1975-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Jostein Grytten ◽  
Jonas Minet Kinge
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
National Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Privately Financed

Objective: To examine income-related inequalities in access to dental services from 1975 to 2018. In Norway, dental care services for adults are privately financed. This might lead to income-related inequalities in access to dental services. However, over the last decades Norwegians have experienced a rapid growth in income, including people with lower income. This may have led to improved access to dental services for these people. Therefore, inequalities in access to dental services may have become less over the last decades. Research design: This was a prospective study. Statistics Norway collected samples of cross-sectional health survey data for the following years: 1975, 1985, 1995, 2002, 2008, 2012 and 2018. For each sample, individuals 20 years and older were drawn randomly from the non-institutionalized adult population using a two-stage stratified cluster sample technique. Inequalities were measured using the concentration index. The dependent variable was use of dental services during the last year and the key independent variable was equalized household income. Results: The concentration index for inequalities in use of dental services according to income decreased from 0.10 (95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.11) in 1975 to 0.04 (95% confidence interval = 0.03, 0.05) in 2018. The decrease was particularly large from 2002 to 2012. This was a period with a large growth in gross national income. Conclusion: People with a low income had a marked increase in their purchasing power from 1975 to 2018. This coincided with an increase in demand for dental care for this low-income group.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators of Dental Care in African-American Seniors: A Qualitative Study of Consumers’ Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Richie Kohli ◽  
Sonya Howk ◽  
Melinda M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Free Care

Objective: To identify African-American seniors’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to their dental care. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 16 community-based, self-identified African-American seniors from March 2017 to August 2017 in Oregon. We coded data in ATLAS.ti and used thematic analysis to identify emergent themes within the social ecological framework and a cross-case comparative analysis to explore variation by participant characteristics. Results: Regardless of dental insurance status, cost and perceived urgency of treatment were the primary drivers of participant’s ability and interest in seeking dental care. Participants identified four solutions to improve oral health care in African-American seniors: affordable/free care and vouchers for dental work, better oral health education at a younger age, onsite community dental services, and navigators who can educate patients about insurance and dental providers who see low-income patients. Conclusions: Oral health decisions by African-American seniors were primarily driven by cost and perceived urgency irrespective of insurance coverage. Affordable dental care, early intervention, on-site services, and navigation may help to address key barriers and reduce oral health disparities faced by African-Americans.

Inpatients’ experience and the associated factors: A cross-sectional study at Lung hospital, Son La, in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Huu Thang Nguyen ◽  
◽  
Thi Nguyet Minh Doan ◽  
Thanh Huong Tran ◽  
Hai Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Middle Income Group

Objectives: Medical facilities with an autonomous tendency always try to serve positive and pleasant experiences to improve the brand name, increase patient satisfaction and loyalty. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 245 inpatients at Lung Hospital in Son La province in 2020. To describe the current situation of the inpatient's experience at Lung Hospital in Son La province by 2020 and its related factors. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 245 inpatients at Son La Lung Hospital Results: The study showed that the total score of inpatients’ experience ranged from 22 points to 57 points and the mean of it was 39.7 (6.13) points. Subject's experience scores were divided into 2 groups, the satisfied group accounted for 32.7% and the percentage of the unsatisfied group was 67.3%. As compared to men, a higher total score of women was (OR: 1.134; 95% CI: 0.284-0.997). The urban area group’s score was 1,190 times higher than that of those who live in rural and mountainous areas (95% CI: 1,010 - 1,400). The middle-income group had more positive experience than the low-income group (OR: 1.180; 95% CI: 1.010 - 1.370). Conclusions: Our research showed that gender, living area and economic condition affected the total score of inpatients’ experience at the Lung hospital. Keywords: Patient experiences, inpatient treatment, hospital, associated factors

scholarly journals Income Inequality Affects the Psychological Health of Only the People Facing Scarcity

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1911-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Sommet ◽  
Davide Morselli ◽  
Dario Spini
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
National Income ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Following the status-anxiety hypothesis, the psychological consequences of income inequality should be particularly severe for economically vulnerable individuals. Oddly, however, income inequality is often found to affect vulnerable low-income and advantaged high-income groups equally. We argue that economic vulnerability is better captured by a financial-scarcity measure and hypothesize that income inequality primarily impairs the psychological health of people facing scarcity. First, repeated cross-sectional international data (from the World Values Survey: 146,034 participants; 105 country waves) revealed that the within-country effect of national income inequality on feelings of unhappiness was limited to individuals facing scarcity (≈25% of the World Values Survey population). Second, longitudinal national data (Swiss Household Panel: 14,790 participants; 15,595 municipality years) revealed that the within-life-course effect of local income inequality on psychological health problems was also limited to these individuals (< 10% of the Swiss population). Income inequality by itself may not be a problem for psychological health but, rather, may be a catalyst for the consequences of financial scarcity.

scholarly journals Hepatitis: Knowledge and Awareness among the Infected Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jobayer ◽  
Zeenat Afroz ◽  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Nadira Akter ◽  
SM Shamsuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Infected Population

Hepatitis viruses are serious global public health problem and rapidly spreading in the developing countries due to factors like illiteracy, lack of health education, poverty. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of hepatitis infected people toward the disease, its consequences, routes of transmission of virus and preventive measures including vaccination. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology of Dhaka Medical Collage, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February to August 2013 among 2254 male jobseekers to Malaysia. History was taken and information was collected from HBsAg and anti-HCV positive persons by a predesigned questionnaire. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in adult population was 2.35% and appears to be on decline and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was 0.13% that is still low in Bangladesh. No significant relationship was found between the demographic profile like religion, locality, occupation of the study population and hepatitis infection. In majority of the positive jobseekers, routes of transmission of viruses were not well established. Among infected population about 90% had educational status below secondary level, they were from low income group, and 60% of them were unemployed. Three fourth of them did not have proper knowledge about the disease, only about 10% of them properly knew about routes of transmission of hepatitis viruses and 91% did not have adequate knowledge about the preventive measures including vaccination. Knowledge about hepatitis was poor among infected population and they were not much aware about the disease; so measures should be taken to create awareness among the population about hepatitis and the preventive measures to halt the transmission of such infections.

scholarly journals Emergency Intervention Need for Community Dental Services (Pathfinder Survey in North Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Burhanuddin Daeng Pasiga ◽  
Arifurrahman Burhanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Background: Oral health is considered an important component of public health, but there are still many people who are less concerned with oral and dental health. Objective: to describe emergency dental care interventions for communities based on age groups in North Mamuju.West of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Materials, and Methods: The age categories in the survey were three age groups: children (6-12 years old), young (12-17 years old), and adults (18-60 years old). Analytical observational research with Cross-sectional design, which is a survey of oral pathfinder, determined by simply taking, they are Sarjo and Bambaira Districts. Results: The sample of 935 men with male sex was 39.7% and women 63.3%. The percentage of distribution of dental care needs is 97.4%. Emergency care needed is preventive care / routine care needed as much as 13.5%, rapid care needs as much as 65.8%, urgent care needs due to pain, and dental infections as much as 17.2%. Conclusion: The need for emergency and immediate dental care in the community is still quite high.

scholarly journals Income Inequality Affects the Psychological Health Only of the People Facing Scarcity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Sommet
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
National Income ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Swiss Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Data

Following the “status anxiety hypothesis,” the psychological consequences of income inequality should be particularly severe for economically vulnerable individuals. However, oddly, income inequality is often found to affect vulnerable low-income and advantaged high-income groups equally. We argue that economic vulnerability is better captured by a financial scarcity measure and hypothesize that income inequality primarily impairs the psychological health of people facing scarcity. First, repeated cross-sectional international data (WVS: 146,034 participants; 105 country-waves) revealed that the within-country effect of national income inequality on feelings of unhappiness was limited to individuals facing scarcity (≈ 25% of the WVS population). Second, longitudinal national data (SHP: 14,790 participants; 15,595 municipality-years) revealed that the within-life-course effect of local income inequality on psychological health problems was also limited to these individuals (&lt; 10% of the Swiss population). Income inequality by itself may not be a problem for psychological health but rather a catalyst for the consequences of scarcity.

scholarly journals Cognitive deterioration in association with teeth loss in elderly population: A study from Eastern India

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Uttam Majumder ◽  
Iti Baidya ◽  
Avik Kumar Layek ◽  
Sampa Ray Bhattacharya ◽  
Pradip Kumar Ray
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Chewing Ability

Background: With the global increase in cognitive impairment and dementia, the need to investigate into the possible ways that can be used to prevent or delay such occurrence has been growing. Maintenance of dental care and oral hygiene has been promoted as one such aspect. Aims and Objectives: To study the association between cognitive impairment in patients without registered diagnosis of dementia with tooth loss and chewing ability. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional hospital-based study where consenting elderly persons attending Dental outpatient department over 1½ years were included. Data obtained on socio-demographic details, number of tooth loss, number of remaining teeth, subjective chewing ability, cognitive assessment as per mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and Clock Drawing Test were analyzed statistically to check correlational association. Results: In this study 96 eligible elderly persons of mean age of 68.30±6.28 years showed increased cognitive impairment among females (P=0.003), increased age (P=0.009), rural background (P=0.033) and low income groups (P=0.001). Positive correlation was found between chewing capacity (P=0.348), number of remaining teeth (r=0.418) with MMSE scores. Conclusion: Our study population showed positive correlation between impaired cognition and the number of extracted tooth and chewing capacity. With further study on wider and representative population, we hope to project the role of maintaining good oral hygiene and dental care as a possible preventive strategy among many others to combat the increased burden of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Barriers of utilisation of dental services among children and adolescent: A systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Avlien Farlina ◽  
Diah Ayu Maharani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Service ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Care Utilisation ◽  
Economic Barriers ◽  
Low Income Families

Introduction: Underutilisation of dental services among children and adolescent is a worldwide problem that increases caries prevalence. Younger children are less likely to receive dental care and, thus, experience oral diseases more often. This systematic review was aimed to explore the barriers of utilisation of dental services among children and adolescent. Methods: The literature search was conducted in the electronic database of Pubmed©/Medline©. The literature exclusion criteria were adults and qualitative study. Keywords were verified in MeSH. Boolean “AND” and “NOT” was used to specify the search. Twenty-four literature were filtered from Pubmed©, and twenty-three literature fit the inclusion criteria. Result: The result revealed that low-income families, minority ethnic, and disability condition have lower dental care utilisation. Conclusion: The identified potential determinants of oral health and dental care utilisation among children and adolescent are economic barriers, uninsurance, and availability of dental service providers.Keywords: Dental care, dental services, utilisation, barrier, children, adolescent.

scholarly journals Prevalence of substance use in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Md Faruq Alam ◽  
Mekhala Sarkar ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Alam ◽  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Avra Das Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

The prevalence of substance use is on rising trend in the country. This two-stage nationwide multicentric community based cross sectional study was conducted by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka during the period of September 2017 to July 2018 to determine the prevalence of substance use as well as to identify the proportion of users used different substances and to find out socio-demographic correlates of substance use in Bangladesh. The sample were collected by cluster sampling technique. In the first stage data were collected from 19692 respondents aged between 7 years and above in 140 clusters through face-to-face interview using semi-structured questionnaires to collect information by trained data collector. Diagnoses of substance use were made in the second stage of interview by research psychiatrists following DSM-5 diagnostic criteria of mental disorders. Descriptive and inferential statistics of the collected data was done using standard statistical parameters. SPSS programme (Version 23) was used to summarize and to analyze the data. The results showed that, the prevalence of substance use was found as 3.3% among the population 18 years and above. Prevalence of substance use was 4.8% in male and 0.6% in female. Most frequently used substances include cannabis in (42.7%), alcohol in 27.5%, amphetamine (yaba) in 15.2%, opioid in 5.3% and sleeping pills in 3.4% users. Among professions of substance users 6.7% were labors, 5.7% unemployed, 4.3% business men, 3.8% farmers and 3.5% service holders. Extremes of social classes were found as increased users of substances such as people with low income 3.2% and people with high income 3.8% using as against 2.6% in middle income group. The data of this community survey will be used for planning of mental health services in Bangladesh. Bang J Psychiatry June 2018; 32(1): 1-8

scholarly journals Stigmatization towards cancer among university students in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Justine ◽  
Meor Syazwan Jafri ◽  
Angelbeth Joanny ◽  
Aiman Nadia Akmar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
University Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Introduction: Stigmatization towards cancer is a barrier to early cancer screening and treatment. This study was conducted to determine the level of cancer stigma among Malaysian university students in Malaysia with different sociodemographic backgrounds.Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 400 students (mean age, SD = 22.22 ± 1.67 years) from a selected university in Malaysia. Data were collected from October 2019 to February 2020 through an online survey. The Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) was used in assessing the levels of cancer stigma among university students with different courses and social backgrounds. The CASS was used in assessing multiple aspects of cancer stigma, including severity, personal responsibility, awkwardness, avoidance, policy opposition, and financial discrimination.Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 23). Results showed that the stigmatization level toward cancer among university students varied across the six subscales. Items regarding the severity of a cancer diagnosis showed the highest level of agreement (32–52%; M = 3.05, SD = 0.96), whereas the item ‘avoiding someone with cancer’ showed the lowest agreement, 7–10% (Mean = 1.85, SD = 0.97). Stigma was significantly higher in young students, males, non-health science students, students in the junior year level, students without family histories of cancer, and the low-income group (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These findings may provide a benchmark of stigmatization level among university students in Malaysia and may be a valuable basis for delivering information and education on cancer screening and treatment.

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