scholarly journals Income Inequality Affects the Psychological Health Only of the People Facing Scarcity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Sommet
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
National Income ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Swiss Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Data

Following the “status anxiety hypothesis,” the psychological consequences of income inequality should be particularly severe for economically vulnerable individuals. However, oddly, income inequality is often found to affect vulnerable low-income and advantaged high-income groups equally. We argue that economic vulnerability is better captured by a financial scarcity measure and hypothesize that income inequality primarily impairs the psychological health of people facing scarcity. First, repeated cross-sectional international data (WVS: 146,034 participants; 105 country-waves) revealed that the within-country effect of national income inequality on feelings of unhappiness was limited to individuals facing scarcity (≈ 25% of the WVS population). Second, longitudinal national data (SHP: 14,790 participants; 15,595 municipality-years) revealed that the within-life-course effect of local income inequality on psychological health problems was also limited to these individuals (< 10% of the Swiss population). Income inequality by itself may not be a problem for psychological health but rather a catalyst for the consequences of scarcity.

scholarly journals Income Inequality Affects the Psychological Health of Only the People Facing Scarcity

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1911-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Sommet ◽  
Davide Morselli ◽  
Dario Spini
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
National Income ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Following the status-anxiety hypothesis, the psychological consequences of income inequality should be particularly severe for economically vulnerable individuals. Oddly, however, income inequality is often found to affect vulnerable low-income and advantaged high-income groups equally. We argue that economic vulnerability is better captured by a financial-scarcity measure and hypothesize that income inequality primarily impairs the psychological health of people facing scarcity. First, repeated cross-sectional international data (from the World Values Survey: 146,034 participants; 105 country waves) revealed that the within-country effect of national income inequality on feelings of unhappiness was limited to individuals facing scarcity (≈25% of the World Values Survey population). Second, longitudinal national data (Swiss Household Panel: 14,790 participants; 15,595 municipality years) revealed that the within-life-course effect of local income inequality on psychological health problems was also limited to these individuals (< 10% of the Swiss population). Income inequality by itself may not be a problem for psychological health but, rather, may be a catalyst for the consequences of financial scarcity.

scholarly journals A Regression Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Megacities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
John A. Paravantis ◽  
Panagiotis D. Tasios ◽  
Vasileios Dourmas ◽  
Georgios Andreakos ◽  
Konstantinos Velaoras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Per Capita

Urbanization and climate change are two major issues that humanity faces in the 21st century. Megacities are large urban agglomerations with more than 10 million inhabitants that emerged in the 20th century. The world’s top 100 economies include many North and South American megacities, such as New York, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires; European cities such as London and Paris; and Asian cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul, Beijing and Mumbai. This paper addresses a dearth of megacity energy metabolism models in the literature. Cross-sectional data for 36 global megacities were collected from many literature and Internet sources. Variables included megacity name, country and region; population; area; population density; (per capita) GDP; income inequality measures; (per capita) energy consumption; household electricity prices; (per capita) carbon and ecological footprint; degree days; average urban heat island intensity; and temperature and precipitation. A descriptive comparison of the characteristics of megacities was followed by ordinary least squares with heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors that were used to estimate four alternative multiple regression models. The per-capita carbon footprint of megacities was positively associated with the megacity GDP per capita, and the megacity ecological footprint; and negatively associated with country income inequality, a low-income country dummy, the country household electricity price, and the megacity annual precipitation. Targeted policies are needed, but more policy autonomy should be left to megacities. Collecting longitudinal data for megacities is very challenging but should be a next step to overcome misspecification and bias issues that plague cross-sectional approaches.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Tindakan Mengemudi Tidak Aman Pada Supir Bus Sampri Trayek Medan – Dolok Sanggul

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Irmayani Irmayani ◽  
Enaldihend Lumban Tobing
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
The People ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

One of cause accidents is human error, which reflected in the dangerous behavior of driving a bus. Errors and violations can cause an accident to the driver itself and will harm the people around him. Based on everyday phenomena, it can be seen that many motorists violate traffic signs. This behavior of breaking traffic signs is one example of aggressive driving behavior that can endanger other road users. This study aims to explain the factors associated with unsafe driving action on Bus Sampri Driver in Medan Route - Dolok Sanggul. This research is an observational analytic survey using cross sectional design. The research was conducted at PT. Samosir Pribumi Transport Medan in October 2017-April 2018. The population in this study were all Bus Sampri drivers, Medan Dolok Sanggul Route and all passengers with the Medan-Dolok Sanggul destination. The sample in this study were 64 people where 32 people came from bus drivers and 32 people came from passengers who were taken using quota sampling technique. The research instrument uses a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square test with a confidence level of 95% (alpha = 5%). The results showed that there was a relationship between duration of work (p = 0.024), work period (p = 0.024), rest period (p = 0.024), work schedule (p = 0.035) with unsafe driving action. Drivers are advised to maintain health so that they do not experience physical or psychological health problems, be careful in driving and obey traffic signs so as not to endanger passengers.

scholarly journals Language and the Upward Mobility in Social Classes: A Sociolinguistic Study at Dusun Tutuk-Jerowaru East Lombok

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Arka Suwandi ◽  
Nuriadi Nuriadi ◽  
Muhammad Amin
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Upward Mobility ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Language Style ◽  
The People ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Styles

This study is aimed to find out the influence of the upward mobility in social classes on the language style used at Dusun Tutuk community and also identify the factors that influence the upward mobility in social classes on the language style used. Then, analyze the relation between the upward mobility in social classes and the language style used at the community. Population of this study were the people at the village, the sampling technique was purposeful sampling, which allows the writer to sellect samples randomly from the population. This study is descriptive-qualitative design with focusing on the ethnography design. Observation, recording, interview and note taking were the technique of collecting the data. The result of the study showed that there are two language styles used: base alus or refine language and base jamak or non-refine language. Base alus belonged to the nobles and base jamak belonged to the non nobles. However, at Dusun Tutuk, Jerowaru East Lombok, base alus was not only used by the nobles but also by the non nobles when they interacted with both the nobles and the non nobles. These phenomena were influenced by three factors: educational level, religious level and social classes in community. Base alus was not only used by the nobles but also by the non nobles who had high education and who hold important political roles in the society and those included religius figures (e.i ustadz, hajj). The base jamaq was not only used by the non nobles but also by the nobles who had no power in the society, low income and low education. The study also found that language is a symbol of identity where style was used as one way of showing the identity of the speakers. In the sasak community, appropriate language should be used to appropriate persons, regardless of the status as nobels or non nobbles.

Uneven Development and National Income Inequality in Third World Countries

1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Third World ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
National Income ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Dependent Position ◽  
Production Concentration

This article examines the extent to which Third World nations' dependent position in the world economy contributes to intercountry differences in income inequality. International economic dependence is measured using investment dependence — the penetration of a country by foreign capital, commodity production concentration, and the degree to which a country relies on particular markets for its imports and exports. It is hypothesized that the effect of dependency on inequality is mediated by its effect on the uneven development of the productive capacities of a nation. Level of development is included as a control variable in the analysis. The results of a cross-sectional regression analysis indicate that dependency is related to uneven development, which in turn is associated with level of national income inequality.

scholarly journals Microfinance Participation in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Wittawat Hemtanon ◽  
Christopher Gan
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Household Heads

Income inequality is a major problem in Thailand. A key determinant of income inequality in Thailand is the lack of financial access to financial institutions for low-income families. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) play an important role in enabling poor households to access financial resources at a reasonable cost. The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that affect Thai households participating in microfinance programs in Thailand. A multinomial logit model is used to investigate the factors that impact the Thai households’ access to microfinance. The study employs secondary data from the Thai Socioeconomic Survey (cross-sectional data in 2017) to identify factors affecting Thai household participation in microfinance programs. The results show that the Village Fund (VF) targets low-income rural households and encourages those with older household heads who have lower levels of education, and female household heads, to participate in their program. Larger households are more likely to access the VF. Households with higher dependency ratios are less likely to borrow from the VF. Households with well-educated, young household heads in regional areas are more likely to borrow money from Saving Groups for Production (SGPs). SGP borrower households have higher household incomes than VF borrower households. Our findings indicate that VFs and SGPs are credit sources in the rural credit market; these sources enable rural households to access credit to meet their needs. In addition, rural Thai households borrow from many sources so that they can rotate their loan repayments. Low-income households refinance their loans by borrowing from different sources.

Determinants of personal social capital among Syrian refugees: comparison of inside and outside camps residence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Alduraidi ◽  
Shaher H. Hamaideh ◽  
Ayman Hamdan-Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose This study aims to assess the status and determinants of personal social capital (PSC) in Syrian refugees in Jordan, comparing the inside and outside camp residents. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 151 Syrian refugees residing inside and outside the camp. Findings The overall PSC score was relatively low (M = 27.5 ± 7.15, 95% CI: 26.3–28.6). Scores were significantly associated with age group, marital status, educational level, income level and living place (p < 0.05). Two steps multiple hierarchal regressing showed that income and place of residence are the only significant predictors of PSC (p ≤ 0.05). Originality/value Social support programs are required among Syrian refugees residing outside the camp, specifically among families with older and poorly educated parents, single-parent families and low-income refugees.

Residents' perception and use of green space: Results from a mixed method study in a deprived neighbourhood in Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeunsook Lee ◽  
Naeun Gu ◽  
Somi An
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The People

Variables other than the physical existence of green space can affect its health benefits, including the residents' perceptions of the green space. In this study, factors associated with residents' perceptions and use of green space, as well as, their demands for green space to promote their use of such space were examined. The study focused on a deprived area in Jeonju City, Korea and used a mixed method design that involved both quantitative and qualitative components. The quantitative data from a cross-sectional survey of 1000 residents and the qualitative data from interviews with 30 residents were obtained. The results showed that the people in poorer socio-demographic and residential situations were more dependent on local green space, and good relationships between neighbours in this low-income area led to more frequent use of green space. The most important and fundamental requirements for green space are easy accessibility and safety. Also, physical and social activities must be promoted through the use of green space. As since green space can play a significant and positive social role in deprived neighbourhoods, both the quantity and quality of such spaces should be strongly considered as part of any revitalization efforts.

Vitamin D Status in Jiroft City Population, South of Iran, 2015-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Kamali ◽  
Mohammad Shariati ◽  
Mehdi Taheri Sarvtin
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Background and Aims: Vitamin D plays an important role in bone health, cardiovascular health, brain development, immune system regulation, mood regulation, and cancer prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the vitamin D status and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Jiroft city, Kerman Province, south of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 5243 people were selected by random sampling during 2015-2019.  Serum 25 (OH) D level was measured by VIDAS 25-OH vitamin D total testing kits. Levels used for definitions were deficient, D3 < 20 ng/ml; insufficient, D3 20-30 ng/ml; adequate, D3 30-100 ng/ml, and potential toxicity, >100 ng/ml.   Results: The mean of vitamin D was 26.03 ng/ml and 24.19 ng/ml in men and women, respectively (p=0.003). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 41.55% and 51.7% in men and women, respectively. A significant relationship was seen between age and level of vitamin D (p=0.001). Conclusions: The results of our study showed that vitamin D deficiency is common among the general population, especially in women in Jiroft city, Kerman Province, south of Iran. Serious plans are needed to improve the status of vitamin D in the people living in this region.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Mental Health among Saudi Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Hanan Alfawaz ◽  
Sobhy M. Yakout ◽  
Kaiser Wani ◽  
Ghadah A. Aljumah ◽  
Mohammed G. A. Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anxiety Depression

The study aimed to explore the influence of the COVID-19 lockdown on the mental status and dietary intake of residents in Saudi Arabia. In this cross-sectional study, an online survey was conducted from 11 May to 6 June 2020 corresponding to almost two weeks during and after Ramadan (23 April–23 May 2020). The Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among the participants was 25.4%, 27.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. Participants aged ≥50 years with high income (≥8000 SAR) were at a lower risk of developing depression, whereas participants of the same age group with income 5000–7000 SAR were at high risk of developing anxiety. Students and master-educated participants suffer from median elevated depression and are required to take more multivitamins and vitamin D than others. Anxiety and depression were more common among married participants with low income. There is a wide range of Saudi residents who are at a higher risk of mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and mental healthcare providers are advised to provide continuous monitoring of the psychological consequences during this pandemic and provide mental support.

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