scholarly journals Enzyme fatigue limits the detoxification of aflatoxin by Rhodococcus species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Zaccaria ◽  
Natalie Sandlin ◽  
David H Fu ◽  
Marek Domin ◽  
Babak Momeni
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Rhodococcus Species ◽  
Food Commodities

Bacterial detoxification of mycotoxins has the potential to offer a low-cost solution to ensure that feed and food commodities contaminated by fungal growth become safe to consume. Among bacteria, Rhodococcus species are of particular interest because they can be metabolically versatile, non-pathogenic, and environment-friendly. However, the native response of Rhodococcus environmental isolates appears inadequate for current detoxification needs. By analyzing the detoxification of aflatoxin by two Rhodococcus species: R. pyridinivorans and R. erythropolis, we examine important features of the dynamics that could guide future optimization of bacterial detoxification. Our results for Rhodococcus species suggest that detoxification happens through a regulated process of secreting extracellular enzymes. We show that enzyme fatigue in the presence of the toxin determines the lifetime of the enzyme and limits the overall detoxification performance of these species. Additionally, we show that the regulation of enzyme production can be both species- and environment-dependent. Overall, our quantitative approach reveals that enzyme fatigue is a major determinant of overall detoxification and needs to be accounted for in assessing the performance of detoxification by live cells or cell-free filtrates.

scholarly journals A Multiomic Approach to Understand How Pleurotus eryngii Transforms Non-Woody Lignocellulosic Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Ander Peña ◽  
Rashid Babiker ◽  
Delphine Chaduli ◽  
Anna Lipzen ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Lignocellulosic Material ◽  
Polysaccharide Lyases ◽  
Polysaccharide Monooxygenases

Pleurotus eryngii is a grassland-inhabiting fungus of biotechnological interest due to its ability to colonize non-woody lignocellulosic material. Genomic, transcriptomic, exoproteomic, and metabolomic analyses were combined to explain the enzymatic aspects underlaying wheat–straw transformation. Up-regulated and constitutive glycoside–hydrolases, polysaccharide–lyases, and carbohydrate–esterases active on polysaccharides, laccases active on lignin, and a surprisingly high amount of constitutive/inducible aryl–alcohol oxidases (AAOs) constituted the suite of extracellular enzymes at early fungal growth. Higher enzyme diversity and abundance characterized the longer-term growth, with an array of oxidoreductases involved in depolymerization of both cellulose and lignin, which were often up-regulated since initial growth. These oxidative enzymes included lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) acting on crystalline polysaccharides, cellobiose dehydrogenase involved in LPMO activation, and ligninolytic peroxidases (mainly manganese-oxidizing peroxidases), together with highly abundant H2O2-producing AAOs. Interestingly, some of the most relevant enzymes acting on polysaccharides were appended to a cellulose-binding module. This is potentially related to the non-woody habitat of P. eryngii (in contrast to the wood habitat of many basidiomycetes). Additionally, insights into the intracellular catabolism of aromatic compounds, which is a neglected area of study in lignin degradation by basidiomycetes, were also provided. The multiomic approach reveals that although non-woody decay does not result in dramatic modifications, as revealed by detailed 2D-NMR and other analyses, it implies activation of the complete set of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes characterizing lignocellulose-decaying basidiomycetes.

Self-reducible copper ion complex ink for air sinterable conductive electrodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (45) ◽  
pp. 10740-10746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghun Cho ◽  
Zhenxing Yin ◽  
Yong-keon Ahn ◽  
Yuanzhe Piao ◽  
Jeeyoung Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Environment Friendly

We introduce a novel self-reducible Cu ion complex ink, composed of formate, alkanolamine groups and poly alcohols, for the air sinterable, low-cost, environment-friendly fabrication of Cu conductive electrodes.

Fabrication of hydrophobic NiFe2O4@poly(DVB-LMA) sponge via Pickering emulsion template method for oil/water separation

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caimei Zhao ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Chuanming Yu ◽  
Binghua Hu ◽  
Haoxuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pickering Emulsion ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Cost Efficient

Super-hydrophobic porous absorbent is a convenient, low-cost, efficient and environment-friendly material in the treatment of oil spills. In this work, a simple Pickering emulsion template method was employed to fabricate...

scholarly journals Recovery of FTO coated glass substrate via environment-friendly facile recycling perovskite solar cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 14534-14541
Author(s):  
M. S. Chowdhury ◽  
Kazi Sajedur Rahman ◽  
Vidhya Selvanathan ◽  
A. K. Mahmud Hasan ◽  
M. S. Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Coated Glass Substrate ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Coated Glass

Organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently emerged as a potential candidate for large-scale and low-cost photovoltaic devices.

Environment-Friendly Design of Lithium Batteries Starting from Biopolymer-Based Electrolyte

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2130006
Author(s):  
Jiayuan Shi ◽  
Bin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Adhesive Property ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Battery Materials ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Film Forming

The nondegradable nature and toxicity of organic liquid electrolytes reveal the design deficiency of lithium batteries in environmental protection. Biopolymers can be extracted from biomass under mild conditions, thus they are usually low cost and renewable. The unique characteristics of biopolymers such as water solubility, film-forming capability and adhesive property are of importance for lithium battery. The studies on the biopolymer materials for lithium batteries have been reviewed in this work. Although a lot of work on the biopolymer-based battery materials has been reported, it is still a challenge in the design of lithium battery with zero pollution and zero waste.

Performance of Stabilized Earth with Wheat Straw and Slag

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 1285-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Benhaoua ◽  
K. Grine ◽  
S. Kenai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Local Soil

ABSTRACTStabilized earth is a very ancient material that has been used in many countries as a low cost, environment friendly construction material. However, its durability under humid environments is low. Stabilization using cement, lime and natural fibres could enhance its durability and lowers the risk of cracking. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the performance of stabilised local soil by either, cement mixed with a proportion of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) /or straw naturel fibres. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), shrinkage, wetting and drying, capillary absorption and thermal conductivity tests were performed on both untreated soil samples and stabilised soil samples. The results show that stabilising the soil with cement and GBFS increased both compressive strength, durability, thermal conductivity and decreased the capillary absorption and the shrinkage. The addition of natural wheat fibres increased the capillary absorption but leads to a decrease in the thermal conductivity and to a further reduction in the shrinkage and hence a better insulating less prone to cracking material.

scholarly journals Fusarium concolor X4 Pretreatment Suppresses Light-Induced Yellowing of High-Yield Pulp

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daolei Zhang ◽  
Xuezhi Li ◽  
Jian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Brightness Reversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Wood Utilization

High-yield pulps (HYPs), such as CTMP (chemi-thermo-mechanical pulp), are attractive due to their low cost and high wood utilization. However, their drawback of rapid brightness reversion (yellowing) limits wide use of the HYPs. In this study, a fungus, Fusarium concolor X4, was applied to treat poplar CTMP for exploring the effects of biotreatment on brightness and light-induced yellowing of the pulp. The results indicated that the biotreatment with Fusarium concolor X4 could improve the brightness of poplar CTMP and inhibit light-induced yellowing of the pulp. The yellowing inhibition mechanism was explored by the analysis of enzyme production regularity during biotreatment, changes in chemical components, and the UV-Vis absorption spectra and FTIR-ATR spectra of pulps before and after biotreatment.

scholarly journals Effect of reinforcements on polymer matrix bio-composites – an overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Das Lala ◽  
Ashish B. Deoghare ◽  
Sushovan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Comprehensive Study

AbstractThe inherent properties of bio-composites such as biodegradability, environment friendly, low cost of production, high strength and durability make them a suitable replacement to traditional materials such as glass and nylon. Bio-polymers are finding wide applications due to their intrinsic properties such as low density, low thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and ease of manufacturing complex shapes. This paper aims toward a comprehensive study on polymer bio-composites. The review mainly focuses on types of reinforcements such as natural fibers, seed shells, animal fibers, cellulose, bio-polymers, bio-chemicals and bioceramics which enhance the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, compressive strength, flexural strength, Young’s modulus and creep behavior, of the composites. The pertinent study carried out in this review explores an enormous potentiality of the composites toward a wide variety of applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antifungal activity of Pittosporum undulatum L. essential oil against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Tamara da Silva Medeiros ◽  
Edlayne Gonçalez ◽  
Roberto Carlos Felicio ◽  
Joana D'arc Felicio
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Main Producer ◽  
Mycelial Development

The presence of mycotoxins as a result of fungal attack can occur before, after and during the harvest and storage operations on agricultural crops and food commodities. Considering the inhibitory property of essential plant oils on the mycelial development of fungi and the importance of Aspergillus flavus, the main producer of aflatoxins, this research was designed to evaluate the toxicity of essential oil from Pittosporum undulatum against A. flavus. The essential oils were obtained from P. undulatum leaves, collected in different months and analyzed by GC/MS. The oils were rich in hydrocarbon, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and it was observed a significant variation on the chemical composition of the essential oil of leaves at different months. Besides, the essential oils were tested against fungal growth and the results showed different spectrum of inhibition on A. flavus. However, the essential oils inhibited the aflatoxin B1 production.

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