scholarly journals Dynamic analysis and control of a rice-pest system under transcritical bifurcations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajib Mandal ◽  
Sebastian Oberst ◽  
Md. Haider Ali Biswas ◽  
Md. Sirajul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Transcritical Bifurcations

AbstractWorld-wide rice consummation constantly grows constantly with non-proportional yield as large amounts of rice are lost due to pest infestations. Cultural methods were widely applied at an early stage of agricultural pest management but then replaced over time through insecticides. To describe a rice-pest system and to control the corresponding pests applying cultural methods and/or insecticides, statistical analyses have been used, and also other mathematical models using an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy considering long time period and more parametric values. Considering the limitations of IPM, we have developed a mathematical model for a rice-pest system found in agricultural management. The mathematical model consists of two non-linear differential equations (NDEs) to illustrate the interrelation of rice and its corresponding agricultural pests. This model is extended to become an optimal control problem (minimization problem), considering both, cultural methods and pesticides, to minimize the density of agricultural pests and to increase the production of rice, reducing gross annual losses. Pesticides have been applied only in emergencies to reduce environmental pollution and damage to nearby ecosystems such as aquatic ecosystems, and a decision model has also been developed to mitigate potential risks. To compare the effectiveness of the considered controls, the ratio of annual production of rice is studied for both controls and without control. This study contributes to building a relationship between NDEs and agricultural management as well as connecting mathematically rice-pest relationships to global food security.

Aperiodic Solution Mathematical Model for Pest Management and Optimization Chemical Control

2014 ◽  
Vol 1079-1080 ◽  
pp. 660-663
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Guan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Optimal Control Theory ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Surrounding Environment

In view of the bestsolution of chemical control agricultural pests, we first build and analysisthe pest management model of spraying insecticide, the crop efficacy model and thedose model of the surrounding environment according to impulsive differentialequations. In view of the aperiodic solution model, we will find out theoptimal dose for the pesticides and time interval for sprayingby using optimal control theory, which can make the residue of the dose for thepesticides in crop and for the pesticide spraying the surroundings reach theminimum, make the number of pest under economic damage threshold at the sametime , and give the best solution to control agricultural pests by using the pesticides.At last, we explain the implementation of the scheme through the numericalsimulation.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PREDICTING THE INDICATORS OF ACCREDITATION OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Olga Mikhaylovna Tikhonova ◽  
Alexander Fedorovich Rezchikov ◽  
Vladimir Andreevich Ivashchenko ◽  
Vadim Alekseevich Kushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Oriented Graph ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
The University ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The paper presents the system of predicting the indicators of accreditation of technical universities based on J. Forrester mechanism of system dynamics. According to analysis of cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables of the system (indicators of accreditation of the university) there was built the oriented graph. The complex of mathematical models developed to control the quality of training engineers in Russian higher educational institutions is based on this graph. The article presents an algorithm for constructing a model using one of the simulated variables as an example. The model is a system of non-linear differential equations, the modelling characteristics of the educational process being determined according to the solution of this system. The proposed algorithm for calculating these indicators is based on the system dynamics model and the regression model. The mathematical model is constructed on the basis of the model of system dynamics, which is further tested for compliance with real data using the regression model. The regression model is built on the available statistical data accumulated during the period of the university's work. The proposed approach is aimed at solving complex problems of managing the educational process in universities. The structure of the proposed model repeats the structure of cause-effect relationships in the system, and also provides the person responsible for managing quality control with the ability to quickly and adequately assess the performance of the system.

scholarly journals Comparative Potential of Different Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides and Their Economics Against Leucinodes Orbonalis in Eggplant

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Sharma Kumar ◽  
Haseeb Masarrat ◽  
Qamar Muntaha
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Cultural Methods

Comparative Potential of Different Botanicals and Synthetic Insecticides and Their Economics Against Leucinodes Orbonalis in Eggplant The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of two botanicals viz; ozoneem and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and three chemical insecticides viz; imidacloprid, alphamathrin, chlorpyriphos 50% EC + cypermethrin 5% EC against Leucinodes orbonalis, during the years from 2008 to 2009. Botanicals were tested alone and in combination with cultural practices. On the basis of the pooled means, the results revealed that three sprays of chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin @ 0.01% active substance (a.s.) in 15 days intervals was found to be the most economical, resulting in minimum shoot (2.15%) and fruit (12.95%) infestation respectively, followed by alphamathrin @ 0.01% a.s. with a highest marketable yield of 87.77 q/ha. Maximum marketable yield was received from the treatment with alphamathrin, but due to high costs involved in the use of this chemical, it took second place. Three sprays of NSKE @ 5 ml/lt. recorded a maximum of shoot (3.91%) and fruit (24.49%) infestation, respectively. However, shoot and fruit infestation was brought down and marketable yield increased to some extent, when these treatments were combined with cultural methods. It is therefore, suggested that the combination of chlorpyriphos 50% EC + cypermethrin 5% EC, being the most effective and economically viable insecticide, can be utilized as a valuable chemical component in Integrated Pest Management to manage the L. orbonalis in eggplant crop.

Role of farming awareness in crop pest management - A mathematical model

2019 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Al Basir ◽  
Arnab Banerjee ◽  
Santanu Ray
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
Farming Awareness

scholarly journals A simulation to identify the optimal area to survey in the early stage of invasion by Solenopsis invicta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumpei Hisamoto ◽  
Koichi Goka ◽  
Yoshiko Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Solenopsis Invicta ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Survey Area ◽  
Single Colony ◽  
The Status ◽  
Optimal Area ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Efforts to eradicate invasive alien species commonly use simulations to calculate the cost-effectiveness of surveys. Although eradication of Solenopsis invicta in the early stages of an invasion is important, few simulations are available to calculate the cost-effectiveness of surveys when a single colony has been detected. In the case of S. invicta, it is difficult to determine from the status of the detected colony whether new queens have dispersed, so it is necessary to consider dispersal as a probabilistic event and calculate its probability. We therefore first constructed a mathematical model in which we used Bayesian statistics to estimate the probability of dispersal as a function of the results of the survey. This mathematical model revealed that the efficacy of the survey and the associated cost differed greatly between cases depending on whether dispersal was or was not confirmed. Next, we developed a simulation that incorporated this mathematical model to inform the determination of the survey area when a single colony had been detected. The simulation showed how ecological parameters and geographical information could be used to identify an efficacious survey area, even in heterogeneous landscapes such as international ports where invasions occur sporadically. Finally, we used this simulation to assess the efficacy of a survey in the case of an S. invicta outbreak at the Port of Tokyo, Japan. The results suggested that the survey covered a sufficiently wide area but that it could have been designed in a more efficacious manner.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Agricultural Pest Problem Handling System in Usada Wisada Pari Scripture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-320
Author(s):  
Putu Sabda Jayendra ◽  
Kadek Ayu Ekasani ◽  
Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam Saitya ◽  
Ida Bagus Subrahmaniam Saitya ◽  
Made Wahyu Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Handling System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rice Pests ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Religious Elements ◽  
Holistic Manner

The knowledge of cultivation and the methods of treating and solving pest problems naturally without neglecting the local culture has been an inseparable aspect of Balinese agricultural life, which is known for its irrigation system called subak. This study aims to examine agricultural scripture named Usada Wisada Pari from two perspectives. First, this study examines the types of pests and its countermeasure. Secondly, it is important to study the lexicon form of these pests. This study shows that the types of rice pests in the Usada Wisada Pari text are categorized into two types, namely animals and plants. The countermeasure consists of natural ritual elements from plants and incantations. Furthermore, this research also shows that all kinds of plague and agricultural pests, along with ways to overcome them, reflect the very strong Shivaistic teachings. All kinds of diseases, countermeasures and prevention are described as the authority of Lord Shiva as the god of destruction in the Hindu concept. It can be concluded that the scripture of Usada Wisada Pari is a text that provides knowledge about rice pest antidotes in an environmentally friendly and holistic manner because it involves natural and religious elements. This study is expected to contribute both to academics or future researchers as well as to the public. It is hoped that academics and researchers can use this present study as a source and expand as well as deepen the object of study based on ethnoagriculture. Meanwhile, the general public can increase their knowledge regarding alternative management of agricultural epidemics in synergy with nature and local wisdom.

scholarly journals Overcoming insecticide resistance through computational inhibitor design

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (42) ◽  
pp. 21012-21021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen J. Correy ◽  
Daniel Zaidman ◽  
Alon Harmelin ◽  
Silvia Carvalho ◽  
Peter D. Mabbitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boronic Acid ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid ◽  
Global Food

Insecticides allow control of agricultural pests and disease vectors and are vital for global food security and health. The evolution of resistance to insecticides, such as organophosphates (OPs), is a serious and growing concern. OP resistance often involves sequestration or hydrolysis of OPs by carboxylesterases. Inhibiting carboxylesterases could, therefore, restore the effectiveness of OPs for which resistance has evolved. Here, we use covalent virtual screening to produce nano-/picomolar boronic acid inhibitors of the carboxylesterase αE7 from the agricultural pest Lucilia cuprina as well as a common Gly137Asp αE7 mutant that confers OP resistance. These inhibitors, with high selectivity against human acetylcholinesterase and low to no toxicity in human cells and in mice, act synergistically with the OPs diazinon and malathion to reduce the amount of OP required to kill L. cuprina by up to 16-fold and abolish resistance. The compounds exhibit broad utility in significantly potentiating another OP, chlorpyrifos, against the common pest, the peach–potato aphid (Myzus persicae). These compounds represent a solution to OP resistance as well as to environmental concerns regarding overuse of OPs, allowing significant reduction of use without compromising efficacy.

scholarly journals Research Priorities for Rice Pest Management in Tropical Asia: A Simulation Analysis of Yield Losses and Management Efficiencies

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 672-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Willocquet ◽  
Francisco A. Elazegui ◽  
Nancy Castilla ◽  
Luzviminda Fernandez ◽  
Kenneth S. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Neck Blast ◽  
Rice Pest

A simulation study was conducted to assess the current and prospective efficiency of rice pest management and develop research priorities for lowland production situations in tropical Asia. Simulation modeling with the RICEPEST model provided the flexibility required to address varying production situations and diverse pest profiles (bacterial leaf blight, sheath blight, brown spot, leaf blast, neck blast, sheath rot, white heads, dead hearts, brown plant-hoppers, insect defoliators, and weeds). Operational definitions for management efficacy (injury reduction) and management efficiency (yield gain) were developed. This approach enabled the modeling of scenarios pertaining to different pest management strategies within the agroecological contexts of rice production and their associated pest injuries. Rice pests could be classified into two broad research priority-setting categories with respect to simulated yield losses and management efficiencies. One group, including weeds, sheath blight, and brown spot, consists of pests for which effective pest management tools need to be developed. The second group consists of leaf blast, neck blast, bacterial leaf blight, and brown plant-hoppers, for which the efficiency of current management methods is to be maintained. Simulated yield losses in future production situations indicated that a new type of rice plant with high-harvest index and high-biomass production (“New Plant Type”) was more vulnerable to pests than hybrid rice. Simulations also indicated that the impact of deployment of host resistance (e.g., through genetic engineering) was much larger when targeted against sheath blight than when targeted against stem borers. Simulated yield losses for combinations of production situations and injury profiles that dominate current lowland rice production in tropical Asia ranged from 140 to 230 g m-2. For these combinations, the simulated efficiency of current pest management methods, expressed in terms of relative yield gains, ranged from 0.38 to 0.74. Overall, the analyses indicated that 120 to 200 × 106 tons of grain yield are lost yearly to pests over the 87 × 106 ha of lowland rice in tropical Asia. This also amounts to the potential gain that future pest management strategies could achieve, if deployed.

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