scholarly journals Comparative analysis of L-fucose utilization and its impact on growth and survival of Campylobacter isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pjotr S. Middendorf ◽  
Wilma F. Jacobs-Reitsma ◽  
Aldert L. Zomer ◽  
Heidy M. W. den Besten ◽  
Tjakko Abee
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Succinate Production ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were previously considered asaccharolytic, but are now known to possess specific saccharides metabolization pathways, including L-fucose. To investigate the influence of the L-fucose utilization cluster on Campylobacter growth, survival and metabolism, we performed comparative genotyping and phenotyping of the C. jejuni reference isolate NCTC11168 (human isolate), C. jejuni Ca1352 (chicken meat isolate), C. jejuni Ca2426 (sheep isolate), and C. coli Ca0121 (pig manure isolate), that all possess the L-fucose utilization cluster.All isolates showed enhanced survival and prolonged spiral cell morphology in aging cultures up to day seven in L-fucose-enriched MEMα medium (MEMαF) compared to MEMα. HPLC analysis indicated L-fucose utilization linked to acetate, lactate, pyruvate and succinate production, confirming the activation of the L-fucose pathway in these isolates. Highest consumption of L-fucose by C. coli Ca0121, is conceivably linked to its enhanced growth performance up to day 7, reaching 9.3 log CFU/ml compared to approximately 8.3 log CFU/ml for the C. jejuni isolates. Genetic analysis of their respective L-fucose clusters revealed several differences, including a 1 bp deletion in the Cj0489 gene of C. jejuni NCTC11168, causing a frameshift in this isolate resulting in two separate genes, Cj0489 and Cj0490, while no apparent phenotype could be linked to the presumed frameshift in the NCTC11168 isolate. Additionally, we found that the L-fucose cluster of C. coli Ca0121 was most distant from C. jejuni NCTC11168, but confirmation of links to L-fucose metabolism associated phenotypic traits in C. coli versus C. jejuni isolates requires further studies.ImportanceCampylobacter is the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, with increasing incidence and prevalence in recent years. The most prevalent species are Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli with 83% and 10% of all Campylobacter cases, respectively. Previously it was found that the majority of Campylobacter isolates are able to metabolize L-fucose (fuc+ isolates), a sugar that is widely present in the human gut. Putative roles for L-fucose in fuc+ C. jejuni isolates were found in growth, biofilm formation and virulence. Despite this, relatively little is known about L-fucose metabolism and the impact on growth and survival in fuc+ Campylobacter isolates. The results from our comparative genotyping and phenotyping study demonstrate that L-fucose, in both C. jejuni and C. coli fuc+ isolates, is involved in enhanced survival, prolonged spiral cell morphology and changes in the general metabolism. Possible links between phenotypes and differences in respective L-fucose gene clusters are discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates from Conventional Broiler Flocks and the Impacts of Sampling Strategy and Laboratory Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 2347-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Vidal ◽  
F. M. Colles ◽  
J. D. Rodgers ◽  
N. D. McCarthy ◽  
R. H. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe genetic diversity ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliisolates from commercial broiler farms was examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), with an assessment of the impact of the sample type and laboratory method on the genotypes ofCampylobacterisolated. A total of 645C. jejuniand 106C. coliisolates were obtained from 32 flocks and 17 farms, with 47 sequence types (STs) identified. TheCampylobacter jejuniisolates obtained by different sampling approaches and laboratory methods were very similar, with the same STs identified at similar frequencies, and had no major effect on the genetic profile ofCampylobacterpopulation in broiler flocks at the farm level. ForC. coli, the results were more equivocal. While some STs were widely distributed within and among farms and flocks, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among farms forC. jejuni, where farm effects accounted for 70.5% of variance, and among flocks from the same farm (9.9% of variance forC. jejuniand 64.1% forC. coli). These results show the complexity of the population structure ofCampylobacterin broiler production and that commercial broiler farms provide an ecological niche for a wide diversity of genotypes. The genetic diversity ofC. jejuniisolates among broiler farms should be taken into account when designing studies to understandCampylobacterpopulations in broiler production and the impact of interventions. We provide evidence that supports synthesis of studies onC. jejunipopulations even when laboratory and sampling methods are not identical.

scholarly journals Network Analysis of the Potential Role of DNA Methylation in the Relationship between Plasma Carotenoids and Lipid Profile

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte L. Tremblay ◽  
Frédéric Guénard ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Marie-Claude Vohl
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Variability in plasma carotenoids may be attributable to several factors including genetic variants and lipid profile. Until now, the impact of DNA methylation on this variability has not been widely studied. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) is a systems biology method used for finding gene clusters (modules) with highly correlated methylation levels and for relating them to phenotypic traits. The objective of the present study was to examine the role of DNA methylation in the relationship between plasma total carotenoid concentrations and lipid profile using WGCNA in 48 healthy subjects. Genome-wide DNA methylation levels of 20,687 out of 472,245 CpG sites in blood leukocytes were associated with total carotenoid concentrations. Using WGCNA, nine co-methylation modules were identified. A total of 2734 hub genes (17 unique top hub genes) were potentially related to lipid profile. This study provides evidence for the potential implications of gene co-methylation in the relationship between plasma carotenoids and lipid profile. Further studies and validation of the hub genes are needed.

Effect of Temperature on Viability of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on Raw Chicken or Pork Skin†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA THURSTON SOLOW ◽  
ORLA M. CLOAK ◽  
PINA M. FRATAMICO
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Chicken Skin ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
Microaerobic Conditions ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

To determine growth and survival of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli on chicken and pork, Campylobacter spp. (104 CFU/cm2) were inoculated on pieces of raw, irradiated chicken or pork skin and exposed to temperatures ranging from −20 to 42°C under either microaerobic or aerobic conditions. Viable counts over 48 h declined 2 to 3 log CFU/cm2 at −20°C and 1 to 2 log CFU/cm2 at 25°C regardless of skin type, species of Campylobacter, or level of oxygen. At 4°C, there was no significant change in the number of Campylobacter over 48 h. At both 37 and 42°C, the number of viable Campylobacter increased significantly (2 to 3 log CFU/cm2, P < 0.0001) under microaerobic conditions but decreased 0.5 to 1.5 log CFU/cm2 in air. Preincubation of skins for 24 h at 42°C under microaerobic conditions to establish Campylobacter on the surface prior to lowering the temperature to −20, 4, or 25°C and incubating in air resulted in a decline in viability for the first 4 h (0.5 to 1 log CFU/cm2). However, after this initial drop in viability, no additional effect on viability was observed compared with incubation at −20, 4, or 25°C in air without microaerobic preincubation at 42°C. Preincubation of inoculated skins at −20, 4, or 25°C in air for 24 h followed by a shift in temperature to 42°C for 4, 8, 24, or 48 h and a shift to microaerobic conditions resulted in an overall decline in viability on raw pork skin but not on raw chicken skin. In contrast, preincubation of inoculated skins at −20, 4, or 25°C for 24 h in air followed by a shift in temperature to 37°C and microaerobic conditions did not result in a decrease in viable counts for either chicken or pork skins. Overall, viability of C. coli and C. jejuni on chicken and pork skins was similar. Therefore, a lower incidence of Campylobacter spp. in pork than in poultry postslaughter, despite a similar prevalence in live animals, is not due to differences in viability of C. coli versus C. jejuni on raw chicken or pork skin.

Campylobacter coli bacteraemia: how common is it?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e236634
Author(s):  
Sindhura Pisipati ◽  
Adnan Zafar ◽  
Yousaf Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
The Past

Campylobacter species are known to cause enteritis. However, over the past 40–50 years, there have been reports of varying presentations, such as cellulitis, spondylodiscitis and bacteraemia. Of the Campylobacter species, Campylobacter jejuni is the most common culprit for causing bacteraemia, however, Campylobacter coli bacteraemia is becoming more prevalent. Here, we discuss an unusual case of C. coli bacteraemia in a patient with decompensated liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis reveals that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGI121 gene affects lag time duration in synthetic grape must

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runze Li ◽  
Rebecca C Deed
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Grape Must ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

Abstract It is standard practice to ferment white wines at low temperatures (10-18 °C). However, low temperatures increase fermentation duration and risk of problem ferments, leading to significant costs. The lag duration at fermentation initiation is heavily impacted by temperature; therefore, identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes influencing fermentation kinetics is of interest for winemaking. We selected 28 S. cerevisiae BY4743 single deletants, from a prior list of open reading frames (ORFs) mapped to quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes VII and XIII, influencing the duration of fermentative lag time. Five BY4743 deletants, Δapt1, Δcgi121, Δclb6, Δrps17a, and Δvma21, differed significantly in their fermentative lag duration compared to BY4743 in synthetic grape must (SGM) at 15 °C, over 72 h. Fermentation at 12.5 °C for 528 h confirmed the longer lag times of BY4743 Δcgi121, Δrps17a, and Δvma21. These three candidate ORFs were deleted in S. cerevisiae RM11-1a and S288C to perform single reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA). RHA hybrids and single deletants of RM11-1a and S288C were fermented at 12.5 °C in SGM and lag time measurements confirmed that the S288C allele of CGI121 on chromosome XIII, encoding a component of the EKC/KEOPS complex, increased fermentative lag phase duration. Nucleotide sequences of RM11-1a and S288C CGI121 alleles differed by only one synonymous nucleotide, suggesting that intron splicing, codon bias, or positional effects might be responsible for the impact on lag phase duration. This research demonstrates a new role of CGI121 and highlights the applicability of QTL analysis for investigating complex phenotypic traits in yeast.

scholarly journals Modulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Electrical Stimulation Using an Enzymatic Biofuel Cell

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Won-Yong Jeon ◽  
Seyoung Mun ◽  
Wei Beng Ng ◽  
Keunsoo Kang ◽  
Kyudong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The Impact

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) have excellent potential as components in bioelectronic devices, especially as active biointerfaces to regulate stem cell behavior for regenerative medicine applications. However, it remains unclear to what extent EBFC-generated electrical stimulation can regulate the functional behavior of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) at the morphological and gene expression levels. Herein, we investigated the effect of EBFC-generated electrical stimulation on hAD-MSC cell morphology and gene expression using next-generation RNA sequencing. We tested three different electrical currents, 127 ± 9, 248 ± 15, and 598 ± 75 nA/cm2, in mesenchymal stem cells. We performed transcriptome profiling to analyze the impact of EBFC-derived electrical current on gene expression using next generation sequencing (NGS). We also observed changes in cytoskeleton arrangement and analyzed gene expression that depends on the electrical stimulation. The electrical stimulation of EBFC changes cell morphology through cytoskeleton re-arrangement. In particular, the results of whole transcriptome NGS showed that specific gene clusters were up- or down-regulated depending on the magnitude of applied electrical current of EBFC. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that EBFC-generated electrical stimulation can influence the morphological and gene expression properties of stem cells; such capabilities can be useful for regenerative medicine applications such as bioelectronic devices.

scholarly journals Whole genome-based characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from ruminants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Medelin Ocejo ◽  
Beatriz Oporto ◽  
José Luis Lavín ◽  
Ana Hurtado
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractCampylobacter, a leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans, asymptomatically colonises the intestinal tract of a wide range of animals.Although antimicrobial treatment is restricted to severe cases, the increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a concern. Considering the significant contribution of ruminants as reservoirs of resistant Campylobacter, Illumina whole-genome sequencing was used to characterise the mechanisms of AMR in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli recovered from beef cattle, dairy cattle, and sheep in northern Spain. Genome analysis showed extensive genetic diversity that clearly separated both species. Resistance genotypes were identified by screening assembled sequences with BLASTn and ABRicate, and additional sequence alignments were performed to search for frameshift mutations and gene modifications. A high correlation was observed between phenotypic resistance to a given antimicrobial and the presence of the corresponding known resistance genes. Detailed sequence analysis allowed us to detect the recently described mosaic tet(O/M/O) gene in one C. coli, describe possible new alleles of blaOXA-61-like genes, and decipher the genetic context of aminoglycoside resistance genes, as well as the plasmid/chromosomal location of the different AMR genes and their implication for resistance spread. Updated resistance gene databases and detailed analysis of the matched open reading frames are needed to avoid errors when using WGS-based analysis pipelines for AMR detection in the absence of phenotypic data.

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