Computational systematics of nutritional support of vaccination against viral and bacterial pathogens as prolegomena to vaccinations against COVID-19

AbstractA total of 6,628 PUBMED-registered publications on the relationships between the effects of vaccination and the provision of micronutrients have been studied by methods of topological analysis of text data. In case of insufficient intake of certain micronutrients, the functioning of the acquired immunity is disrupted resulting in an imbalance of populations of T-cells CD4+/CD8+ and of B-lymphocytes. Nutritional supplements of folate, vitamins A, D and B12, which are recognized regulators of cell division, support a wide range of lymphocyte populations. Trace elements zinc, iron, selenium, manganese and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are also important for supporting the mechanisms of acquired immunity. The data presented show that a course intake of these micronutrients by patients planning vaccination can significantly improve its effectiveness. In particular, these micronutrients can increase the titers of antibodies to pathogens, and to reduce the percentage of patients who still contract infection after vaccination. Supplements of these micronutrients can also contribute to the safety of vaccination: to prevent malaise and, in the unfortunate case of contracting infection despite the vaccine, to reduce the severity of the course and the mortality from the corresponding infection.

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Pharmacological and nutritional benefits of flaxseed’s (Linum usitatissimum Linn.) biocomponents

Current Functional Foods ◽

10.2174/2666862901666220106140913 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Tarique ◽

Badruddeen ◽

,Shahla Parveen ◽

Farogh Ahsan ◽

Mohammad Irfan Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Golden Yellow ◽

Wide Range

Abstract: Linum usitatissimum (Linn.), Commonly known as flaxseed or flaxseed, belongs to the family Linaceae. Flaxseed is a crop of blue flowers that produce small, flat seeds of golden yellow to reddish-brown color. It is a native of the Mediterranean and West Asia. Due to its health benefits associated with the high content of linolenic acid (ALA), flaxseed has played a major role in diet and research. The ALA is an essential omega-3-fatty acid, and also due to its presence a major lignan, i.e. secoisolaricyrcinol diglucoside (SDG). There is also a wide range of uses of flaxseed oil in skin health, anticoagulants, anticancer, ulcer treatment, muscle growth, and weight loss. The nutritional composition of flaxseed is about 30% carbohydrate, 18% protein, and 39% fat. Flaxseed contains most carbohydrates in the form of fiber and contains more than 45% omega-3 fatty acids. It also contains dietary fibers, proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. All the ingredients possess different health benefits. Although plant resources are the key ingredient in drug discovery, the popularity of flaxseed always fascinate scientists, the number of articles giving information about the chemical components of flaxseed and its potential clinical use is very little. This review provides a systematic summary of the research completed over the past decade and provides an up-to-date summary of the various bioactive and outlines the relationship between the nutritional and pharmacological use of chemical ingredients and its flaxseed.

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Implementing High Energy Liquid Nutrition, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa

Journal of Pediatric Health and Nutrition ◽

10.14302/issn.2691-5014.jphn-17-1424 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Christoph Baumann ◽

Christian Willaschek ◽

Tuende Kertess-Szlaninka ◽

Lang Johanna ◽

Reiner Buchhorn

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

High Energy ◽

Historical Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Number Of Patients

Objective: To assess the effect of different treatment approaches on the course of anorexia nervosa (AN) over time. Methods: The subjects were 27 hospitalized AN patients. In our retrospective analysis we compared weight gain in two groups. While one group was treated with a standard oral refeeding protocol (historical control) through January 2013 (N=16), the second group (highly standardized refeeding protocol) received a high energy liquid nutrition and nutritional supplements including omega-3 fatty acids (N=11). Results: On admission, the two groups were comparable in terms of height, weight, age and heart rate. At the end of our monitoring time frame of 25 days, weight gain was 121.4% higher in the highly standardized refeeding protocol group than in the historical control group (66.5 ±52.4 vs 147.3 ±55.7 grams/day; t-Test p=0.004; CI95%: 29.3-132.2). A carbohydrate rich diet clearly improved weight gain if high energy liquid nutrition was replaced by the diet according the patient’s own wishes. About 45% of our patients stated they were vegetarians at admission. However, we could not identify a vegetarian diet as a statistically significant negative prognostic factor for weight gain. Conclusion: The highly standardized refeeding protocol seems to be helpful in malnourished AN patients to improve weight gain without enhancing the risk of a refeeding syndrome. However, further studies with greater number of patients are needed to confirm the effectiveness of our standardized treatment protocol.

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Neuroprotective Role of Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Presence of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Degeneration in Aged Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21051741 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1741 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Debora Cutuli ◽

Eugenia Landolfo ◽

Davide Decandia ◽

Annalisa Nobili ◽

Maria Teresa Viscomi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Basal Forebrain ◽

Cholinergic Neurons ◽

Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Behavioral Deficits ◽

Pufa Supplementation ◽

Aged Mice ◽

Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons ◽

Wide Range

As major components of neuronal membranes, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) exhibit a wide range of regulatory functions. Recent human and animal studies indicate that n-3 PUFA may exert beneficial effects on aging processes. Here we analyzed the neuroprotective influence of n-3 PUFA supplementation on behavioral deficits, hippocampal neurogenesis, volume loss, and astrogliosis in aged mice that underwent a selective depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Such a lesion represents a valid model to mimic a key component of the cognitive deficits associated with dementia. Aged mice were supplemented with n-3 PUFA or olive oil (as isocaloric control) for 8 weeks and then cholinergically depleted with mu-p75-saporin immunotoxin. Two weeks after lesioning, mice were behaviorally tested to assess anxious, motivational, social, mnesic, and depressive-like behaviors. Subsequently, morphological and biochemical analyses were performed. In lesioned aged mice the n-3 PUFA pre-treatment preserved explorative skills and associative retention memory, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and reduced volume and VAChT levels loss as well as astrogliosis in hippocampus. The present findings demonstrating that n-3 PUFA supplementation before cholinergic depletion can counteract behavioral deficits and hippocampal neurodegeneration in aged mice advance a low-cost, non-invasive preventive tool to enhance life quality during aging.

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The effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone health

Reviews in Clinical Gerontology ◽

10.1017/s0959259810000456 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 219-232

Author(s):

Marcello Maggio ◽

Andrea Artoni ◽

Fulvio Lauretani ◽

Carmelinda Ruggiero ◽

Tommy Cederholm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Health ◽

Large Body ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Membrane Function ◽

Wide Range ◽

Omega 6

SummaryThe essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are divided into two classes, n-3 (ω-3) and n-6 (ω-6) and their dietary precursors are α-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), respectively. PUFAs are precursors of a wide range of metabolites, for example eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which play critical roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including bone metabolism.A large body of evidence supports an effect of PUFA on bone metabolism which may be mediated by regulation of osteoblastogenesis and osteoclast activity, change of membrane function, decrease in inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), modulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and influence in NO secretion and NO synthase.Animal studies have shown that a higher dietary omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids ratio is associated with beneficial effects on bone health. Human studies conducted in elderly subjects suggest that omega-3 instead of omega-6 has a positive effect on bone metabolism. In spite of increasing evidence, studies conducted in humans do not allow us to draw a definitive conclusion on the usefulness of PUFAs in clinical practice.

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Domestic chicken omega 3 – a product for promoting human health

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 854 (1) ◽

pp. 012081

Author(s):

Dragan Sefer ◽

Stamen Radulovic ◽

Dejan Peric ◽

Matija Sefer ◽

Lazar Makivic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Wide Range ◽

Omega 6

Abstract Literature data show that the relationship between two groups of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diet, omega 3 acids, whose basic representative is a-linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3), and omega 6 acids, whose basic representative is linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6), has a significant role in development of cardiovascular diseases in humans. The optimal ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids is around 4:1. In monogastric animals, the fatty acids in feed are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract largely unchanged. This means the fatty acid profile of the animal’s diet directly reflects the fatty acid profile of the tissue. The daily intake of unsaturated fatty acids can be increased by an adequate animal nutrition strategy. Flaxseed contains ten times more unsaturated (32.26%) than saturated (3.66%) fatty acids. The largest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (about 70%) is a-linolenic acid (ALA), which is a precursor of the entire omega 3 series of fatty acids, and which makes flaxseed an ideal raw material for the production of a wide range of omega 3 enriched products. In order to obtain chicken meat rich in omega 3, an experiment was organized with a specific diet for broilers at fattening. Thanks to the designed animal feed, it was possible to get products (meat, breast, drumstick, liver, subcutaneous fat) with significantly higher amounts of omega 3 fatty acids compared to the same products obtained from broilers fed with conventional mixtures, or with almost the ideal ratio between omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids.

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Asperugo Procumbens: a Review of Botany, Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology

10.53350/pjmhs2115103092 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 3092-3095

Author(s):

Grzegorz Łazarski

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Pharmacological Study ◽

Stearidonic Acid ◽

Pharmacological Properties ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

Wide Range

Asperugo procumbens is a medicinal plant widely distributed in the world, which is commonly used in the traditional medicine of the Middle East, while currently overlooked in European pharmacopoeias. The aim of the study is to present a comprehensive overview of A. procumbens in botany, traditional medicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology according to the up-to-date data. Scientific literature on the species was collected based on publicly available databases such as: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google, Google Scholar as well as monographs and PhD theses. In traditional medicine the aerial part of A. procumbens is used for treatment of skin infections, herpes, liver and respiratory tract diseases, to strengthen the heart and the nervous system, and others. Contemporary studies on the pharmacological activity of A. procumbens revealed that it exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antidepressant, sedative-hypnotic, antibacterial, as well as chemopreventive and antihypertensive properties. Despite many proven medicinal properties, the species does not have a developed phytochemical profile and its chemical composition is very poorly understood. The species is known to contain tannins, flavonoids and phenolics. Only the content of fatty acids is recognised in detail. The species is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids – stearidonic acid (SDA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and omega-6 fatty acid – γ-linolenic acid (GLA). This article, based on the available literature, highlights the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of A. procumbens, which may provide a foundation for further pharmacological study as well as clinical application of the species. Keywords: Asperugo procumbens, German madwort, Boraginaceae, traditional uses

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8. Functional foods, superfoods, and supplements

10.1093/actrade/9780199681921.003.0008 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

David A. Bender

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Nutritional Supplements ◽

Staple Food ◽

Mineral Deficiency ◽

Positive Health ◽

Normal Functions ◽

Wide Range

When a vitamin or mineral deficiency is widespread in a population, a common approach is to enrich or fortify a staple food. ‘Functional foods, superfoods, and supplements’ defines functional foods as foods that contain one or more added ingredients to provide a positive health benefit, over and above the normal functions of food to provide nutrients and satisfy hunger. Superfoods are ordinary foods that are especially rich in nutrients or antioxidants and other potentially protective compounds, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fibre. ‘Nutritional supplements’ covers a wide range of preparations which are regarded as foods rather than medicines, and in most countries are regulated under food rather than under medicinal legislation.

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The Relationship Between Fiber Intake and Omega 3 and 6 Fatty Acid intake and Metabolic Syndrome in 4 Countries Spanning the Epidemiologic Transition

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 242-242

Author(s):

Supal Mehta ◽

Lara Dugas ◽

Amy Luke

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Epidemiologic Transition ◽

Wide Range ◽

Omega 6 ◽

Insoluble Fiber

Abstract Objectives Dietary modifications can be an effective therapeutic approach to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to explore the association between fiber intake with metabolic syndrome and between omega 3 and 6 fatty acids with metabolic syndrome in four countries spanning the epidemiological transition. The study participants eat very different diets across the countries. Methods Data were obtained from a cohort of 2000 adults, aged 25–45, enrolled in the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study from US, Ghana, Jamaica and Seychelles. Dietary intake was measured using two 24hr recalls and analyzed using Nutrient Data System for Research. Participants were categorized as having metabolic syndrome if they had at least three of the following condition: high triglyceride levels (>150 mg/dL), reduced high-density lipoproteins (<40 mg/dL), elevated blood pressure (>130/85 mmHg), increased fasting blood glucose (>100 mg/dL) and a waist circumference (>89 cm for women and >103 cm for men). The association between fiber and metabolic syndrome was analyzed using quartiles of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber intake. The association between metabolic syndrome and the combined intake of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids was analyzed using quartiles of the omega 3 index, the sum of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and quartiles of the ratio of omega 6:3 fatty acids. Data were analyzed using logistic regressions adjusted for age, sex, calorie intake, alcohol intake and smoking status. Results Participants with metabolic syndrome were 1.7 times (95% CI: 1.2, 2.3) as likely to be in the lowest compared to the highest quartile of total fiber intake and 1.5 times (1.1, 2.0) as likely to in the lowest quartile of insoluble fiber intake. Participants with metabolic syndrome were 1.9 times (1.3, 2.7) as likely to be in the lowest quartile of the of EPA + DHA intake. Risk of metabolic syndrome was not significantly associated with omega 6:3 ratio. Conclusions These findings expand on prior research supporting a beneficial role for dietary fiber and omega 3 fatty acids in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome in understudied populations consuming a wide range of diets. In aggregate, these results support an important role of diet in metabolic syndrome risk regardless of population. Funding Sources National Institute of Health. Stritch School of Medicine.

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Review Probable Ingredients for Trans Free Margarine with Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Biological Sciences - PJSIR ◽

10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.61.3.2018.182.186 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 182-186

Author(s):

Muhammad Ajmal ◽

Muhammad Nadeem ◽

Maryam Batool ◽

Imran Taj Khan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Food Industry ◽

Bakery Products ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega Fatty Acids ◽

Wide Range ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Harmful Effects ◽

Chia Oil

Margarine is widely used as table spread, in cooking and bakery products. Awareness of consumers regarding the intake of omega fatty acids has led the food industry to develop foods which are rich sources of omega fatty acids. Harmful effects of trans on the development of cardiovascular diseases have steered the researchers to find out wide range of trans free options, without compromising on functional and physical properties of fats. Nutritionists recommend margarine for the growing and school going babies, it is usually manufactured from the combination of hard and soft fats, followed by the addition of vitamins A, D and E. However, little is known regarding the supplementation of margarines with omega fatty acids of chia oil. This paper summarizes the physical and chemical characteristics of few ingredients that may be used in the formulation of trans free margarine with higher magnitude of omega fatty acids.

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