scholarly journals Insertive vaginal sex has a profound impact on the penile immune correlates of HIV susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avid Mohammadi ◽  
Sareh Bagherichimeh ◽  
Yoojin Choi ◽  
Azadeh Fazel ◽  
Elizabeth Tevlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Vaginal Secretions ◽  
Vaginal Sex ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe penis is the primary site of HIV acquisition in heterosexual men. Elevated penile inflammatory cytokines increase sexual acquisition risk, and topically applied cytokines enhance foreskin HIV susceptibility in an explant model. However, the impact of penile-vaginal sex on these immune parameters is undefined. Heterosexual couples were recruited to the Sex, Couples and Science (SECS) Study, with the collection of penile swabs, semen, cervico-vaginal secretions, and blood after a period of abstinence, and repeated sampling up to 72 hours after either condomless (n=30) or condom-protected (n=8) penile-vaginal sex. Soluble immune parameters were quantified by multiplex immunoassay. Co-primary immune endpoints were penile levels of IL-8 and MIG, cytokines previously linked to penile HIV acquisition. One hour after sex there were dramatic increases in penile IL-8 and MIG levels, regardless of condom use, with a gradual return to baseline by 72 hours; similar patterns were observed for other chemoattractant chemokines. Penile cytokine changes were similar in circumcised and uncircumcised men, and repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA models demonstrated that the degree of change after condomless sex was explained by cytokine levels in their partners’ cervico-vaginal secretions. This may have important implications for the biology of penile HIV acquisition.Author summaryIn heterosexual men, the penis is the primary site of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) acquisition. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in the coronal sulcus are associated with an increased HIV risk, and we hypothesized that these may be altered after insertive penile sex. Therefore, we designed the Sex, Couples and Science Study (SECS study) to define the impact of penile-vaginal sex on the penile immune correlates of HIV susceptibility. We found that multiple coronal sulcus cytokines increased dramatically and rapidly after sex, regardless of condom use, with a return to baseline levels by 72 hours. The changes observed after condomless sex were strongly predicted by cytokine concentrations in the vaginal secretions of the female partner, and were similar in circumcised and uncircumcised men. We believe that these findings have important implications for understanding the immunopathogenesis of penile HIV acquisition; in addition, they have important implications for the design of clinical studies of penile HIV acquisition and prevention.

scholarly journals Insertive condom-protected and condomless vaginal sex both have a profound impact on the penile immune correlates of HIV susceptibility

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1009948
Author(s):  
Avid Mohammadi ◽  
Sareh Bagherichimeh ◽  
Yoojin Choi ◽  
Azadeh Fazel ◽  
Elizabeth Tevlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Vaginal Secretions ◽  
Vaginal Sex ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
The Impact

The penis is the primary site of HIV acquisition in heterosexual men. Elevated penile inflammatory cytokines increase sexual acquisition risk, and topically applied cytokines enhance foreskin HIV susceptibility in an explant model. However, the impact of penile-vaginal sex on these immune parameters is undefined. Heterosexual couples were recruited to the Sex, Couples and Science (SECS) Study, with the collection of penile swabs, semen, cervico-vaginal secretions, and blood after a period of abstinence, and repeated sampling up to 72 hours after either condomless (n = 30) or condom-protected (n = 8) penile-vaginal sex. Soluble immune parameters were quantified by multiplex immunoassay. Co-primary immune endpoints were penile levels of IL-8 and MIG, cytokines previously linked to penile HIV acquisition. One hour after sex there were dramatic increases in penile IL-8 and MIG levels, regardless of condom use, with a gradual return to baseline by 72 hours; similar patterns were observed for other chemoattractant chemokines. Penile cytokine changes were similar in circumcised and uncircumcised men, and repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA models demonstrated that the degree of change after condomless sex was explained by cytokine levels in their partners’ cervico-vaginal secretions. This may have important implications for the biology of penile HIV acquisition.

scholarly journals Differential association between inflammatory cytokines and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19 patients with obesity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0252026
Author(s):  
Marie-Agnès Dragon-Durey ◽  
Xiaoyi Chen ◽  
Amos Kirilovsky ◽  
Nadine Ben Hamouda ◽  
Carine El Sissy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Immune Cell Subsets ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunctions ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the mechanisms underlying the SARS-CoV-2 infection severity observed in patients with obesity, we performed a prospective study of 51 patients evaluating the impact of multiple immune parameters during 2 weeks after admission, on vital organs’ functions according to body mass index (BMI) categories. High-dimensional flow cytometric characterization of immune cell subsets was performed at admission, 30 systemic cytokines/chemokines levels were sequentially measured, thirteen endothelial markers were determined at admission and at the zenith of the cytokines. Computed tomography scans on admission were quantified for lung damage and hepatic steatosis (n = 23). Abnormal BMI (> 25) observed in 72.6% of patients, was associated with a higher rate of intensive care unit hospitalization (p = 0.044). SARS-CoV-2 RNAaemia, peripheral immune cell subsets and cytokines/chemokines were similar among BMI groups. A significant association between inflammatory cytokines and liver, renal, and endothelial dysfunctions was observed only in patients with obesity (BMI > 30). In contrast, early signs of lung damage (ground-glass opacity) correlated with Th1/M1/inflammatory cytokines only in normal weight patients. Later lesions of pulmonary consolidation correlated with BMI but were independent of cytokine levels. Our study reveals distinct physiopathological mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with obesity that may have important clinical implications.

scholarly journals Impact of Endemic Infections on HIV Susceptibility in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Yegorov ◽  
Vineet Joag ◽  
Ronald M. Galiwango ◽  
Sara V. Good ◽  
Brenda Okech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Endemic Infections

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a leading cause of global morbidity with the highest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For reasons that are incompletely understood, the likelihood of HIV transmission is several fold higher in SSA than in higher income countries, and most of these infections are acquired by young women. Residents of SSA are also exposed to a variety of endemic infections, such as malaria and various helminthiases that could influence mucosal and systemic immunology. Since these immune parameters are important determinants of HIV acquisition and progression, this review explores the possible effects of endemic infections on HIV susceptibility and summarizes current knowledge of the epidemiology and underlying immunological mechanisms by which endemic infections could impact HIV acquisition. A better understanding of the interaction between endemic infections and HIV may enhance HIV prevention programs in SSA.

scholarly journals The impact of cervical cytobrush sampling on cervico-vaginal immune parameters and microbiota relevant to HIV susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammadi ◽  
S. Bagherichimeh ◽  
M. C. Perry ◽  
A. Fazel ◽  
E. Tevlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Susceptibility ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Primary tumor surgery improves survival in non-metastatic primary urethral carcinoma patients: a large population-based investigation

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yu-Chen Wang ◽  
Wen-Jie Luo ◽  
Bo-Dai ◽  
Ding-Wei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Competing Risks ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Urethral Carcinoma ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Primary urethral carcinoma (PUC) is a rare genitourinary malignancy with a relatively poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of surgery on survival of patients diagnosed with PUC. Methods A total of 1544 PUC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 were identified based on the SEER database. The Kaplan-Meier estimate and the Fine and Gray competing risks analysis were performed to assess overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific mortality (CSM). The multivariate Cox regression model and competing risks regression model were used to identify independent risk factors of OS and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results The 5-yr OS was significantly better in patients who received either local therapy (39.8%) or radical surgery (44.7%) compared to patients receiving no surgery of the primary site (21.5%) (p < 0.001). Both local therapy and radical surgery were each independently associated with decreased CSM, with predicted 5-yr cumulative incidence of 45.4 and 43.3%, respectively, compared to 64.7% for patients receiving no surgery of the primary site (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that primary site surgery was independently associated with better OS (local therapy, p = 0.037; radical surgery, p < 0.001) and decreased CSM (p = 0.003). Similar results were noted regardless of age, sex, T stage, N stage, and AJCC prognostic groups based on subgroup analysis. However, patients with M1 disease who underwent primary site surgery did not exhibit any survival benefit. Conclusion Surgery for the primary tumor conferred a survival advantage in non-metastatic PUC patients.

scholarly journals The Role of TNF-α and Anti-TNF-α Agents during Preconception, Pregnancy, and Breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2922
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka ◽  
Anna Felis-Giemza ◽  
Marzena Olesińska ◽  
Piotr Wojdasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Immune System Diseases ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a multifunctional Th1 cytokine and one of the most important inflammatory cytokines. In pregnancy, TNF-α influences hormone synthesis, placental architecture, and embryonic development. It was also shown that increased levels of TNF-α are associated with pregnancy loss and preeclampsia. Increased TNF-α levels in complicated pregnancy draw attention to trophoblast biology, especially migratory activity, syncytialisation, and endocrine function. Additionally, elevated TNF-α levels may affect the maternal-fetal relationship by altering the secretory profile of placental immunomodulatory factors, which in turn affects maternal immune cells. There is growing evidence that metabolic/pro-inflammatory cytokines can program early placental functions and growth in the first trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, early pregnancy placenta has a direct impact on fetal development and maternal immune system diseases that release inflammatory (e.g., TNF-α) and immunomodulatory factors, such as chronic inflammatory rheumatic, gastroenterological, or dermatological diseases, and may result in an abnormal release of cytokines and chemokines in syncytiotrophoblasts. Pregnancy poses a challenge in the treatment of chronic disease in patients who plan to have children. The activity of the disease, the impact of pregnancy on the course of the disease, and the safety of pharmacotherapy, including anti-rheumatic agents, in pregnancy should be considered.

The Differential Diagnosis in Nonlymphoproliferative Malignant Pleural Effusion Cytopathology and Its Correlation with Patients’ Demographics

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 436-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika F. Rodriguez ◽  
Sayanan Chowsilpa ◽  
Zahra Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
African American ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Malignant Pleural Effusion ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: We report our experience with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and the impact of patients’ demographics on the differential diagnosis at the primary site. Methods: After IRB approval, we searched our pathology database from January 2013 to January 2017 for patients with positive pleural effusions (PEs). Patients’ demographics and clinical histories were noted. Results: 474 patients were identified (288 females [61%] and 186 males [39%]), ranging in age from 19 to 64 years old. Ethnicity was distributed as follows: Caucasian (n = 330, 70%), African American (n = 114, 24%) and Asian (n = 30, 6%). The most common primary sites were the lung (n = 180, 37%), followed by the breast (n = 81, 17%), and the gynecologic system (67, 13%). The lung was the most common primary for all ethnicities (n = 190, 40%). The second-most common primary site was the breast in African Americans and Caucasians and upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract in Asians. In 5 cases (1%), the primary tumor could not be determined. Conclusion: Cytology examination is a useful method to diagnose primary sites of PE. Pulmonary primary is the most common cause of effusion in all ethnicities. In African American and Caucasian patients, the breast was the second-most common site of MPE, while in Asian patients it was the upper GI tract.

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