scholarly journals Quantification and progress over time of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of lactating women vaccinated with BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (LacCOVID)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Esteve-Palau ◽  
Araceli Gonzalez-Cuevas ◽  
M. Eugenia Guerrero ◽  
Clara Garcia-Terol ◽  
M. Carmen Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Over Time

Importance: To our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze long–term passage (6 months after immunization) of specific antibodies induced by BNT162b2 COVID–19 vaccine through breast milk. Objectives: Main objective: to determine SARS–CoV–2 vaccine induced antibody levels in the breast milk of lactating women 4 weeks after mRNA BNT162b2 Pfizer–BioNTech COVID–19 complete vaccination. Secondary objectives: to analyze SARS–CoV–2 antibody levels (breast milk and serum) at different time–points after vaccination, examine the correlation of SARS–CoV–2 antibody levels between serum and breast milk, describe adverse events related to vaccination (AErV) in both mothers and infants and determine the rate of COVID–19 infections. Design: Prospective cohort study between February and September 2021. Setting: Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, an urban hospital in Spain. Participants: During our health worker vaccination campaign at our hospital between January and March 2, we recruited 33 lactating women vaccinated with BNT162b2 Pfizer–BioNTech COVID–19. Results: A total of 33 volunteers were included in the study. The median (IQR) age of mothers was 38 (36–39) years and 15 (10–22) months for the infants. Primary end–point: at 4 w after second dose median (IQR) IgG–S1 levels for serum–milk pairs were 12,478 (6,870–20,801) to 50.4 (24.3–104) arbitrary units (AU) per mL. Secondary end–points: SARS–CoV–2 antibody levels at different time–points were (serum–milk): 519 (234–937) to 1 (0–2.9) AU/mL at 2w after first dose, 18,644 (9,923–29,264) to 78 (33.7–128) AU/mL at 2w, 4,094 (2,413–8,480) to 19.9 (10.8–51.9) AU/mL at 12w, and 1,350 (831–2,298) to 8.9 (7.8–31.5) at 24w after second dose. We found a positive correlation of SARS–CoV–2 antibody levels between serum and breast milk (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.68). No serious AErV were observed. We found two (6%) COVID–19 vaccine breakthrough infections. Conclusions: Pfizer–BioNTech COVID–19 vaccination is safe during breastfeeding and it transmits antibodies into breast milk with a positive correlation with serum levels, and both decrease over time in a 6–month follow–up. Infants of breastfeeding vaccinated women could be protected for at least six months after vaccination and serum determination of SARS–CoV–2 IgG–S1 could indicate the breastmilk levels of antibodies during this period.

scholarly journals Agreement between ELISA and plaque reduction neutralisation assay in Detection of respiratory syncytial virus specific antibodies in a birth Cohort from Kilifi, coastal Kenya.

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Joyce U. Nyiro ◽  
Patience K. Kiyuka ◽  
Martin N. Mutunga ◽  
Charles J. Sande ◽  
Patrick K. Munywoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
True Value ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background:Severe disease associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection occurs predominantly among infants under 6 months of age. Vaccines for prevention are in clinical development. Assessment of the vaccine effectiveness in large epidemiological studies requires serological assays which are rapid, economical and standardised between laboratories. The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between two enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) in quantifying RSV specific antibodies.Methods:Archived sera from 99 participants of the Kilifi Birth Cohort (KBC) study (conducted 2002-2007) were screened for RSV antibodies using 3 methods: ELISA using crude RSV lysate as antigen, a commercial RSV immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA kit from IBL International GmbH, and PRNT. Pearson correlation, Bland-Altman plots and regression methods were used in analysis.Results:There was high positive correlation between the IBL RSV IgG ELISA and PRNT antibodies (Pearson r=0.75), and moderate positive correlation between the crude RSV lysate IgG ELISA and PRNT antibodies (r= 0.61). Crude RSV lysate IgG ELISA showed a wider 95% limit of agreement (-1.866, 6.157) with PRNT compared to the IBL RSV IgG ELISA (1.392, 7.595). Mean PRNT titres were estimated within a width of 4.8 log2PRNT and 5.6 log2PRNT at 95% prediction interval by IBL RSV IgG and crude RSV lysate IgG ELISA, respectively.Conclusion:Although, the IBL RSV IgG ELISA is observed to provide a reasonable correlate for PRNT assay in detecting RSV specific antibodies, it does not provide an accurate prediction for neutralizing antibody levels. An RSV neutralising antibody level is likely to fall within 2.4 fold higher and 2.4 fold lower than the true value if IBL RSV IgG ELISA is used to replace PRNT assay. The utility of an ELISA assay in vaccine studies should be assessed independent of the PRNT method.

scholarly journals Adequacy of vitamin A and fat in the breast milk of lactating women in south Sri Lanka

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrani Liyanage ◽  
Manjula Hettiarachchi ◽  
Prabhath Mangalajeewa ◽  
Sarath Malawipathirana
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveTo determine vitamin A (retinol) and fat concentrations in breast milk during early lactation.MethodsHealthy lactating women (n 88) aged between 18 and 35 years were randomly selected for the study from urban, semi-urban, rural and estate (plantation) sectors of Galle District. Their anthropometry was recorded; breast milk samples were collected from the right breast one hour after the last feed. Breast milk retinol was determined by HPLC and fat content by the crematocrit method.ResultsSubjects were in the 2nd to 9th month of lactation. Retinol concentrations of the breast milk samples ranged from 0·10 to 2·46 μmol/l, with a mean of 0·50 μmol/l, and correlated positively with parity (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0·307; P = 0·01) and negatively with period of lactation (r = −0·209; P = 0·05). The fat content of breast milk ranged between 5·09 and 56·46 g/l with a mean of 26·95 g/l. A significant difference in either breast milk fat or retinol content and mean birth weight of the babies was not seen between the groups. The ratio of retinol to fat in breast milk was positively correlated with weight (r = 0·274; P = 0·01) and height (r = 0·328; P < 0·001) of the mothers.ConclusionsIn this primary investigation on breast milk quality the fat content was found to be marginal; the majority of lactating mothers (92·0 %) were not providing the minimum daily requirement (1·05 μmol/l) of retinol to their babies.

scholarly journals Anti-Sars-Cov-2 IgA And IgG In Human Milk After Vaccination Is Dependent On Vaccine Type And Previous Sars-Cov-2 Exposure: A Longitudinal Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Selma-Royo ◽  
Christine Bauerl ◽  
Desiree Mena-Tudela ◽  
Laia Aguilar-Camprubi ◽  
Francisco Jose Perez-Cano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Vaccine Impact ◽  
Vectored Vaccine ◽  
The Impact

Importance: Limited data are available on COVID-19 vaccine impact in lactating women. Objective: To evaluate the impact of different COVID-19 vaccines on specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG levels in human milk. Design, Settings and Participants: In this prospective observational study in Spain, 75 lactating women from priority groups receiving vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 were included (January to April 2021). Human milk samples were collected at seven-time points. A group with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=19) and a group of women from prepandemic time (n=13) were included. Exposure: mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) and adenovirus-vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19). Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Presence of IgA and IgG against RBD SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk. Results: Seventy-five vaccinated lactating women [mean age, 34.9±3.7 years] of whom 96% were Caucasic and 92% were health care workers. A total of 417 milk samples were included and vaccine distribution was BioNTech/Pfizer (BNT162b2, n=30), Moderna (mRNA-1273, n=21), and AstraZeneca (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, n=24). For each vaccine, 7 time points were collected from baseline up to 25 days after the 1st dose and same points were collected for mRNA vaccines 30 days after 2nd dose. A strong reactivity was observed for IgG and IgA after vaccination mainly after the 2nd dose. Presence and the persistence of specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk were dependent on the vaccine-type and, on previous virus exposure. High inter-variability was observed, being relevant for IgA antibodies. IgG levels were significantly higher than those observed in milk from COVID-19 women while IgA levels were lower. Women with previous COVID-19 increased the IgG levels after the 1st dose to a similar level observed in vaccinated women after the 2nd dose. Conclusions and Relevance: Breast milk from vaccinated women contains anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG, with highest after the 2nd dose. Levels were dependent on vaccine type and previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Previous COVID-19 influenced the vaccine effect after a single dose, which could be especially relevant in the design of vaccination protocols . Further studies are warranted to demonstrate the potential protective role of these antibodies against COVID-19 in infants from vaccinated and infected mothers through breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Concentrations of Methadone in Breast Milk and Plasma in the Immediate Perinatal Period

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Jansson ◽  
Robin E. Choo ◽  
Cheryl Harrow ◽  
Martha Velez ◽  
Jennifer R. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Methadone Dose ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Methadone Concentration ◽  
Over Time

This study evaluates concentrations of methadone in breast milk and plasma among a sample of methadone-maintained women in the immediate perinatal period. Twelve methadone-maintained, lactating women provided blood and breast milk specimens 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after delivery. Specimens were collected at the time of trough (just before methadone dose) and peak (3 hours after dosing) maternal methadone levels. Paired specimens of foremilk (prefeed) and hindmilk (postfeed) were obtained at each sampling time. Although there was a significant increase in methadone concentration in breast milk over time for the peak postfeed sampling time, t (22) = 2.40, P = .0255, methadone concentrations in breast milk were small, ranging from 21 to 314 ng/mL, and were unrelated to maternal methadone dose. Results obtained from this study contribute to the recommendation of breastfeeding for methadone-maintained women regardless of methadone dose. J Hum Lact. 23(2):184-190.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests with late convalescent sera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Kannenberg ◽  
Carolin Schnurra ◽  
Nina Reiners ◽  
Reinhard Henschler ◽  
Raymund Buhmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Assays ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Antibody Tests ◽  
Over Time

SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM antibodies wane during the first three months after infection and IgG antibody levels decline. This may limit the ability of antibody tests to identify previous SARS CoV-2 infection at later time points. To examine if the sensitivity of antibody tests falls off, we compared the sensitivity of two nucleoprotein-based antibody tests, the Roche Elecsis II Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and three glycoprotein-based tests, the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant, Siemens Atellica IM COV2T and Euroimmun SARS-CoV-2 assay with 56 sera obtained 6-8 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The sensitivity of the Roche, Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant and Siemens antibody assays was 94.6 % (95% confidence interval (CI) 85.1-98.9 %), 98.2 % (95% CI: 90.4-99.9 %) and 100 % (95% CI: 93.6-100 %). The sensitivity of the N-based Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG and the glycoprotein-based Euroimmun ELISA was 48.2 % (95% CI: 34.7-62.0 %) and 83.9 % (95% CI: 71.7-92.4 %). The nucleoprotein-based Roche and the glycoprotein-based Abbott RBD and Siemens tests were more sensitive than the N-based Abbott and the Euroimmun antibody tests (p=0.0001 to p=0.039). The N-based Abbott antibody test was less sensitive 6-8 months than 4-10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.0002). The findings show that most SARS CoV-2 antibody assays correctly identified previous infection 6-8 months after infection. The sensitivity of pan-Ig antibody tests was not reduced at 6-8 months when IgM antibodies have usually disappeared. However, one of the nucleoprotein-based antibody tests significantly lost sensitivity over time.

scholarly journals Quantification of Specific Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk of Lactating Women Vaccinated With an mRNA Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e2120575
Author(s):  
Erika Esteve-Palau ◽  
Araceli Gonzalez-Cuevas ◽  
M. Eugenia Guerrero ◽  
Clara Garcia-Terol ◽  
M. Carmen Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Specific Antibodies

scholarly journals Sex differences in the decline of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludivine Grzelak ◽  
Aurélie Velay ◽  
Yoann Madec ◽  
Floriane Gallais ◽  
Isabelle Staropoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Duration Of Protection ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Post Onset ◽  
Over Time

The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 humoral response in infected individuals remains poorly characterized. Here, we performed a longitudinal study of sera from 308 RT-qPCR+ individuals with mild disease, collected at two time-points, up to 6 months post-onset of symptoms (POS). We performed two anti-S and one anti-N serology assays and quantified neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). At month 1 (M1), males, individuals > 50 years of age or with a body mass index (BMI) > 25 exhibited higher levels of antibodies. Antibody levels decreased over time. At M3-6, anti-S antibodies persisted in 99% of individuals while anti-N IgG were measurable in only 59% of individuals. The decline in anti-S and NAbs was faster in males than in females, independently of age and BMI. Our results show that some serology tests are less reliable overtime and suggest that the duration of protection after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination will be different in women and men.

scholarly journals Six Oligosaccharides’ Variation in Breast Milk: A Study in South China from 0 to 400 Days Postpartum

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4017
Author(s):  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Xiaokun Cai ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yingyi Mao ◽  
Yan Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Early Life ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level

This study investigated the variation in oligosaccharide levels in the breast milk of south Chinese mothers in a prolonged breastfeeding period of up to 400 days postpartum. A total of 488 breast milk samples were collected from 335 healthy mothers at five different time points: 0–5 days, 10–15 days, 40–45 days, 200–240 days, and 300–400 days postpartum. A high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detector (HPAEC-PAD) was used to quantify 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) and 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL). In this study, we found six oligosaccharides that were present in breast milk from 0 to 400 days postpartum. The median value ranges of individual oligosaccharide components in this study were 1013–2891 mg/L 2′-FL, 193–1421 mg/L 3-FL, 314–1478 mg/L LNT, 44–255 mg/L LNnT, 111–241 mg/L 3′-SL, and 23–602 mg/L6′-SL. HMO levels decreased over the lactation periods, except for 3-FL, which increased throughout lactation. The predominant fucosylated and sialylated HMOs were 2′-FL and 6′-SL at 40–45 days postpartum and changed to 3-FL and 3′-SL at 200–240 days postpartum. Results from this study showed that lactating women continue to provide their offspring with a high level of 2′-FL one year after delivery, suggesting that 2′-FL may play an important role for infants in early life. Our findings also provide further evidence in support of breastfeeding after one-year postpartum.

scholarly journals Quantification of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of lactating women vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Esteve-Palau ◽  
Araceli Gonzalez-Cuevas ◽  
M. Eugenia Guerrero ◽  
Clara Garcia-Terol ◽  
M. Carmen Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Antibody Levels

INTRODUCTION The recent approval of vaccines against COVID–19 has generated great concern among breastfeeding women, since these patients were excluded from vaccination clinical trials. The present study aimed to analyze the levels of specific SARS–CoV–2 antibodies in breast milk of mRNA–vaccinated women across time and their correlation with serum antibody levels. METHODS Prospective study including lactating women aged over 18 who were vaccinated against SARS–CoV–2 with the Pfizer–BioNTech® COVID–19 vaccine (BNT162b2). Paired serum and breast milk samples were simultaneously taken from each participant at three timepoints after receiving the vaccine: 2 weeks after 1st dose, 2 weeks after 2nd dose and 4 weeks after 2nd dose (Timepoints 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Levels of IgG antibodies against the spike protein (S1 subunit) were determined for each sample (Architect, Abbott®). RESULTS We collected and analyzed 52 serum and 52 milk samples from the first 18 study participants. Median (interquartile range) IgG(S1) levels for serum – milk pairs at each timepoint were 410 (208-606) – 1.7 (0-2.9) AU/ml at Timepoint 1, 11505 (8933 – 21184) – 52.2 (34.1–113) at Timepoint 2 and 8311 (5578–17419) – 41.7 (24.8–75.3) at Timepoint 3. Pearson′s correlation coefficient between breast milk and serum IgG(S1) levels was 0.71. No major adverse reactions were observed in mothers or infants. CONCLUSIONS Breast milk from women vaccinated with mRNA–based Pfizer–BioNTech® vaccine contains specific anti–SARS–CoV–2 IgG(S1) antibodies, with levels increasing considerably after second dose. IgG(S1) levels in breast milk are positively correlated with corresponding serum levels.

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