scholarly journals AI/ML Models to Aid in the Diagnosis of COVID-19 Illness from Forced Cough Vocalizations: Results and Challenges of a Systematic Review of the Relevant Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Kelley ◽  
Allison A. Sakara ◽  
Mona Kelley ◽  
S. Caitlin Kelley ◽  
Paul McLenaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Total Product ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Intended Use

From a comprehensive and systematic search of the relevant literature on signal data signature (SDS)-based artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) systems designed to aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19 illness, we aimed to reproduce the reported systems and to derive a performance goal for comparison to our own medical device with the same intended use. These objectives were in line with a pathway to regulatory approval of such devices, as well as to acceptance of this unfamiliar technology by disaster/pandemic decision makers and clinicians. To our surprise, none of the peer-reviewed articles or pre-print server records contained details sufficient to meet the planned objectives. Information amassed from the full review of more than 60 publications, however, did underscore discrete impediments to bringing AI/ML diagnostic solutions to the bedside during a pandemic. These challenges then were explored by the authors via a gap analysis and specific remedies were proposed for bringing AI/ML technologies in closer alignment with the needs of a Total Product Life Cycle (TPLC) regulatory approach.

scholarly journals Overview of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Chinese Medicine Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chuwen Feng ◽  
Shuoyan Zhou ◽  
Yuanyuan Qu ◽  
Qingyong Wang ◽  
Shengyong Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Beneficial Effects

To evaluate the importance of AI technologies in modernizing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy, this article presents the systematic review of the relevant literature and explains the beneficial effects of AI technology on the TCM treatment outcomes from the experience of famous and veteran Chinese medicines, including acupuncture, Tui Na massage, and Qigong practitioners. This study also focuses on the urgent necessity to apply AI technologies to develop therapeutic models on the theme “treating the disease before it happens.” Furthermore, the study also discusses the major bottlenecks and future prospects for the development of intelligent TCM treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence techniques for Containment COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Alabool ◽  
Deemah Alarabiat ◽  
Laith Abualigah ◽  
Mohammad Habib ◽  
Ahmad M. Khasawneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Techniques ◽  
Full Solution ◽  
Applications Of Ai

Abstract Due to the advantages offered by AI in containment the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of AI techniques has increased greatly. Although these techniques provide an acceptable start to COVID-19 pandemic control, they differ in terms of purpose, AI synthesis methods, datasets, validation approach. This increase and diversity in the numbers of proposed AI techniques can confuse decision makers and lead them to the dilemma of what is the appropriate technique under the specific conditions. Yet, studies that assess, analyze, and summarize the unresolved problems and shortcomings of current AI techniques for COVID-19 are limited. In the existing review studies, only individual parts of AI techniques, rarely the full solution, are reviewed and examined. Thus, this study aims to present a comprehensive systematic review on the application of AI techniques in containment the COVID-19 pandemic. The applied search strategy led to include 73 papers related to the Application of AI techniques for COVID-19 published from December 2019 to May 2020. Ten applications of AI for containment COVID-19 were identified. In addition, the analysis results of the systematic review revealed five deficiencies so that future research should take them into consideration.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial transplantation therapy for ischemia reperfusion injury: a systematic review of animal and human studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Hayashida ◽  
Ryosuke Takegawa ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib ◽  
Tomoaki Aoki ◽  
Rishabh C. Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library

Abstract Background Mitochondria are essential organelles that provide energy for cellular functions, participate in cellular signaling and growth, and facilitate cell death. Based on their multifactorial roles, mitochondria are also critical in the progression of critical illnesses. Transplantation of mitochondria has been reported as a potential promising approach to treat critical illnesses, particularly ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, a systematic review of the relevant literature has not been conducted to date. Here, we systematically reviewed the animal and human studies relevant to IRI to summarize the evidence for mitochondrial transplantation. Methods We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, and Embase and performed a systematic review of mitochondrial transplantation for IRI in both preclinical and clinical studies. We developed a search strategy using a combination of keywords and Medical Subject Heading/Emtree terms. Studies including cell-mediated transfer of mitochondria as a transfer method were excluded. Data were extracted to a tailored template, and data synthesis was descriptive because the data were not suitable for meta-analysis. Results Overall, we identified 20 animal studies and two human studies. Among animal studies, 14 (70%) studies focused on either brain or heart IRI. Both autograft and allograft mitochondrial transplantation were used in 17 (85%) animal studies. The designs of the animal studies were heterogeneous in terms of the route of administration, timing of transplantation, and dosage used. Twelve (60%) studies were performed in a blinded manner. All animal studies reported that mitochondrial transplantation markedly mitigated IRI in the target tissues, but there was variation in biological biomarkers and pathological changes. The human studies were conducted with a single-arm, unblinded design, in which autologous mitochondrial transplantation was applied to pediatric patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for IRI–associated myocardial dysfunction after cardiac surgery. Conclusion The evidence gathered from our systematic review supports the potential beneficial effects of mitochondrial transplantation after IRI, but its clinical translation remains limited. Further investigations are thus required to explore the mechanisms of action and patient outcomes in critical settings after mitochondrial transplantation. Systematic review registration The study was registered at UMIN under the registration number UMIN000043347.

scholarly journals Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3253
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Sergio De Salvatore ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
Giuliano Zollo ◽  
Giovanni Calabrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Resident Training ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Orthopaedic Training ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: The application of virtual and augmented reality technologies to orthopaedic surgery training and practice aims to increase the safety and accuracy of procedures and reducing complications and costs. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarise the present literature on this topic while providing a detailed analysis of current flaws and benefits. Methods: A comprehensive search on the PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase database was conducted from inception to February 2021. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to improve the reporting of the review. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) was used to assess the quality and potential bias of the included randomized and non-randomized control trials, respectively. Results: Virtual reality has been proven revolutionary for both resident training and preoperative planning. Thanks to augmented reality, orthopaedic surgeons could carry out procedures faster and more accurately, improving overall safety. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising technology with limitless potential, but, nowadays, its use in orthopaedic surgery is limited to preoperative diagnosis. Conclusions: Extended reality technologies have the potential to reform orthopaedic training and practice, providing an opportunity for unidirectional growth towards a patient-centred approach.

scholarly journals Making sense of farmers’ demand for seed of root, tuber and banana crops: a systematic review of methods

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pircher ◽  
Conny J. M. Almekinders
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Seed Systems ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

AbstractA demand-driven approach is becoming increasingly central in the efforts to improve agricultural research and development. However, the question of how exactly demand is studied usually remains unstated and is rarely discussed. We therefore carried out a systematic review in order to better understand how farmers’ demand for seed in root, tuber and banana seed systems is studied. The review is based on data from a consultation with an expert panel and a structured literature search in the SCOPUS database. Screening the gathered articles resulted in 46 studies on a global scale, fitting the scope of our investigation. Through qualitative analysis and categorization of these studies, we developed a classification scheme according to the types of approaches applied in the retained studies. One group of studies explicitly articulates farmers’ preferences and choices through surveys or engagements in trials, auctions, choice experiments and interviews. Other studies implicitly articulate farmers’ demand by characterising their current use of varieties and seed. We discuss opportunities and limitations in the use of each type of study and we reflect on the body of available literature as a whole. Our conclusion is that a framework is necessary that purposefully combines the existing different methods and that it is necessary to involve stakeholders in a process where demand is articulated. Together, these two steps would characterise existing demands in a more effective and precise way, thus providing better guidance to decision-makers in their reactions pertaining to seed systems.

scholarly journals On the Juridical Relevance of the Phenomenological Notion of Person in Max Scheler and Edith Stein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Galofaro
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Edith Stein ◽  
Max Scheler ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social Units

AbstractThe paper presents a semiotic interpretation of the phenomenological debate on the notion of person, focusing in particular on Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler, and Edith Stein. The semiotic interpretation lets us identify the categories that orient the debate: collective/individual and subject/object. As we will see, the phenomenological analysis of the relation between person and social units such as the community, the association, and the mass shows similarities to contemporary socio-semiotic models. The difference between community, association, and mass provides an explanation for the establishment of legal systems. The notion of person we inherit from phenomenology can also be useful in facing juridical problems raised by the use of non-human decision-makers such as machine learning algorithms and artificial intelligence applications.

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