scholarly journals Lipid droplets 3D full measurement by holographic in-flow tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Pirone ◽  
Daniele Sirico ◽  
Lisa Miccio ◽  
Vittorio Bianco ◽  
Martina Mugnano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Spatial Positioning

The most recent discoveries in the biochemical field are highlighting the increasingly important role of lipid droplets (LDs) in several regulatory mechanisms in living cells. LDs are dynamic organelles and therefore their complete characterization in terms of number, size, spatial positioning and relative distribution in the cell volume can shed light on the roles played by LDs. Until now, fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy are assessed as the gold standard methods for identifying LDs due to their high sensitivity and specificity. However, such methods generally only provide 2D assays and partial measurements. Furthermore, both can be destructive and with low productivity, thus limiting analysis of large cell numbers in a sample. Here we demonstrate for the first time the capability of 3D visualization and the full LD characterization in high-throughput with a tomographic phase-contrast flow-cytometer, by using ovarian cancer cells and monocyte cell lines as models. A strategy for retrieving significant parameters on spatial correlations and LD 3D positioning inside each cell volume is reported. The information gathered by this new method could allow more in depth understanding and lead to new discoveries on how LDs are correlated to cellular functions.

scholarly journals Observed High-Latitude Precipitation Amount and Pattern and CMIP5 Model Projections

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Behrangi ◽  
Mark Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Precipitation Change ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
W Band ◽  
Taylor Diagram ◽  
Constrained Models

Utilizing reanalysis and high sensitivity W-band radar observations from CloudSat, this study assesses simulated high-latitude (55–82.5°) precipitation and its future changes under the RCP8.5 global warming scenario. A subset of models was selected based on the smallest discrepancy relative to CloudSat and ERA-I reanalysis using a combined ranking for bias and spatial root mean square error (RMSE). After accounting for uncertainties introduced by internal variability due to CloudSat’s limited four year day-night observation period, RMSE provides greater discrimination between the models than a typical mean state bias criterion. Over 1976–2005 to 2071–2100, colder months experience larger fractional modelled precipitation increases than warmer months, and the observation-constrained models generally report a larger response than the full ensemble. For everywhere except the Southern Hemisphere (SH55, for 55–82.5°S) ocean, the selected models show greater warming than the model ensemble while their hydrological sensitivity (fractional precipitation change with temperature) is indistinguishable from the full ensemble relationship. This indicates that local thermodynamic effects explain much of the net high-latitude precipitation change. For the SH ocean, the models that perform best in the present climate show near-median warming but greater precipitation increase, implying a detectable contribution from processes other than local thermodynamic changes. A Taylor diagram analysis of the full CMIP5 ensemble finds that the Northern Hemisphere (NH55) and SH55 land areas follow a “wet get wetter” paradigm. The SH55 land areas show stable spatial correlations between the simulated present and future climate, indicative of small changes in the spatial pattern, but this is not true of NH55 land. This shows changes in the spatial pattern of precipitation changes through time as well as the differences in precipitation between wet and dry regions.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Cryopreservation of Bovine Oocytes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Sul Hwang ◽  
Shinichi Hochi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rock Inhibitor ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets ◽  
Recovery Culture ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

Principle of oocyte cryoinjury is first overviewed and then research history of cryopreservation using bovine oocytes is summarized for the last two decades with a few special references to recent progresses. Various types of cryodevices have been developed to accelerate the cooling rate and applied to the oocytes from large domestic species enriched with cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Two recent approaches include the qualitative improvement of IVM oocytes prior to the vitrification and the short-term recovery culture of vitrified-warmed oocytes prior to the subsequent IVF. Supplementation of L-carnitine to IVM medium of bovine oocytes has been reported to reduce the amount of cytoplasmic lipid droplets and improve the cryotolerance of the oocytes, but it is still controversial whether the positive effect of L-carnitine is reproducible. Incidence of multiple aster formation, a possible cause for low developmental potential of vitrified-warmed bovine oocytes, was inhibited by a short-term culture of the postwarm oocytes in the presence of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Use of an antioxidantα-tocopherol, instead of the ROCK inhibitor, also supported the revivability of the postwarm bovine oocytes. Further improvements of the vitrification procedure, combined with pre- and postvitrification chemical treatment, would overcome the high sensitivity of bovine oocytes to cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Role of Brush Cytology in Diagnosis of Bronchial Carcinoma: Experience in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Md Rezaul Islam ◽  
Ahmad Zainuddin Sani ◽  
Samir C Majumdar ◽  
SM Asafudullah
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bronchial Carcinoma ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Large Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Brush Cytology ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

This was a descriptive study conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH), Rajshahi and the study period was from June 2017 to June 2019. A total number of 300 patients (48 females and 252 males) were enrolled who underwent elective fiber optic bronchoscopy with brush cytology for the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. Our aim was to identify the role of brush cytology in diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. Most of the cases (84%) were male. Majority 111(37.00%) of the patients were in age group 60-72 years; the mean±SD age was (58.70±13.11). Most of the study participants were farmer 134(44.67%). 182(66.67%) were smoker and 118(39.33%) were non-smoker. For smokers, pack year history was <10 pack in 78(42.85%), 10-20 pack 66(36.26%) and >20 pack 38(20.87%) of cases. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of bronchial carcinoma; found in 95 (31.66%) cases followed by adenocarcinoma 50 (16.66%), large cell carcinoma 43 (14.33%), small cell carcinoma 25 (8.33%), others 87 (29%) This study revealed that the bronchial brush cytology was minimally invasive, well enduring technique with high sensitivity in diagnosis of central lesion of bronchial carcinoma. TAJ 2019; 32(2): 1-6

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RED BLOOD CELL AND PLATELET INDICES IN IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-78
Author(s):  
Sahar Rabbani ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Samina Naeem ◽  
, Muhammad Abdul Naeem ◽  
Nasir Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Platelet Distribution Width ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Cell Ratio

Objective: To find out the correlation between the red blood cell and platelet indices in patients presenting with iron deficiency anemia at a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Hematology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Sep 2018 to Mar 2019. Methodology: The patients of age 1-70 years of either gender presenting with IDA were included in the study. The blood sample of patients were sent to laboratory to assess the red blood cell and platelet indices. SPSS-23 was used to analyze data. Results: Two hundred and seven patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The mean age was 25.6 ±17.8years. Correlation was weak and insignificant between haemoglobin and packed cell volume (r=-0.385**, p<0.01), haemoglobin and mean cell volume (r=-0.225**, p<0.01), packed cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin (r =0.263**, p<0.01), & mean cell haemoglobin and mean platelet volume (r=0.143*, p<0.05). Correlation was moderate and significant between platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume (r=0.511**) & platelet distribution width and platelet large cell ratio (0.502**, p<0.01). Correlation was strong between mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio (r=0.759**, p<0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, there was significant relation between red blood cell and platelets indices in iron deficiency anemia. Furthermore, haemoglobin and packed cell volume are weekly correlated, platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume are moderately correlated and mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio are strongly correlated.

scholarly journals Demonstration of a Flexible Graphene-Based Biosensor for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Ovarian Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Han ◽  
Qi Wan ◽  
Ai Zheng ◽  
Yunchuan Guo ◽  
Yali Chen
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cell ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells

AbstractIt is significant to develop an efficient early detection and prediction method for ovarian cancer via a facile and low-cost approach. To address such issues, herein, we develop a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection method to sensitively detect ovarian cancer by using a flexible graphene-based biosensor on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The results show that the graphene-based flexible biosensor demonstrates sensitive and rapid detection for ovarian cancer cells: it delivers obvious different responses for cell culture medium and cancer solution, different cancer cells and cancer cell solution with different concentrations; it demonstrates high sensitivity for detecting several tens of ovarian cancer cells per ml; moreover, the flexible graphene biosensor is very suitable for rapid and sensitive detection of ovarian cancer cells within 5 s. This work provides a low-cost and facile graphene biosensor fabrication strategy to sensitively and rapidly detect / identify CTC ovarian cancer cells. Graphical Abstract

Importance of concavity for interpreting rates and patterns of landscape evolution from river profiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Gailleton ◽  
Simon Mudd ◽  
Fiona Clubb ◽  
Martin Hurst ◽  
Stuart Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Drainage Area ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
River Profiles ◽  
Channel Steepness

&lt;p&gt;The analysis of river profiles is a fundamental tool in modern quantitative geomorphology. Since the 1960's, workers have demonstrated a systematic power-law relationship between river gradient and discharge, or its proxy drainage area, predicting a steepening of rivers towards the headwaters. This relationship provides means of quantitatively describing river profiles by extracting a concavity index (&lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt;), the rate at which slope decreases as a function of drainage area, and steepness index (&lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), the steepness of river reaches independent of changes in drainage area. Recent developments have provided an alternative representation of the slope-area relationship, aiming to circumvent its high sensitivity to topographic noise and to the branching nature of fluvial networks by directly integrating drainage area normalised to a concavity index into a transformed coordinate (&lt;em&gt;&amp;#967;&lt;/em&gt;). These parameters can be easily extracted from digital elevation models, resulting in their widespread application to detect tectonic, climatic, and autogenic signals from landscape morphology, such as active faulting, stream piracy, drainage divide migration or sea-level changes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;River profile concavity, or &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt;, is an essential metric to constrain, as it is necessary to fix a reference value &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;sup&gt;ref&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt; in order to compare &lt;em&gt;&amp;#967;&lt;/em&gt; or &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; values between different drainage basins. This exposes a key problem with the slope-area relationship: the watersheds within a study area do not necessarily all have the same optimal &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt;, potentially leading to incorrect interpretations of the relative distribution of &lt;em&gt;&amp;#967;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; within a landscape. This problem is enhanced over large spatial scales, such as over the width of an orogen, where the probability of &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt; heterogeneity increases drastically. However, the distortion of &lt;em&gt;&amp;#967;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; linked to a &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;sup&gt;ref&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt; being different than the local best-fit has been poorly explored: we currently do not know how much these concavity variations influence channel steepness interpretations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this contribution, we explore the extent of the effect of varying concavity on channel steepness using analytical and numerical methods both on landscape evolution models and real landscapes. We show that (i) relative values of &lt;em&gt;&amp;#967;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, i.e location of local maxima, minima and variations, can be significantly and non-linearly impacted as a function of their &lt;em&gt;&amp;#916;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt; from optimal &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt; and drainage area; (ii) we identify cases where asymmetries in &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt; can cause incorrect interpretations of changes in channel steepness (iii) present tools to quantify the extent and therefore the risk of misinterpretation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Spatial correlations of extended cosmological structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (3) ◽  
pp. 3227-3234
Author(s):  
V Santucho ◽  
H E Luparello ◽  
M Lares ◽  
D G Lambas ◽  
A N Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Function ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Point Correlation ◽  
Point Correlation Function ◽  
Cosmic Voids ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRACT Studies of large-scale structures in the Universe, such as superstructures or cosmic voids, have been widely used to characterize the properties of the cosmic web through statistical analyses. On the other hand, the two-point correlation function of large-scale tracers such as galaxies or haloes provides a reliable statistical measure. However, this function applies to the spatial distribution of point-like objects, and therefore it is not appropriate for extended large structures that strongly depart from spherical symmetry. Here we present an analysis based on the standard correlation function formalism that can be applied to extended objects exhibiting arbitrary shapes. Following this approach, we compute the probability excess Ξ of having spheres sharing parts of cosmic structures with respect to a realization corresponding to a distribution of the same structures in random positions. For this aim, we identify superstructures defined as future virialized structures (FVSs) in semi-analytic galaxies in the MPDL2 MultiDark simulation. We have also identified cosmic voids to provide a joint study of their relative distribution with respect to the superstructures. Our analysis suggests that Ξ provides useful characterizations of the large-scale distribution, as suggested from an analysis of subsets of the simulation. Even when superstructure properties may exhibit negligible variations across the subsets, Ξ has the sensitivity to statistically distinguish sub-boxes that depart from the mean at larger scales. Thus, our methods can be applied in analysis of future surveys to provide characterizations of large-scale structure suitable to distinguish different theoretical scenarios.

Direct measurement of intracellular pressure

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. C652-C657 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Kelly ◽  
P. T. Macklem
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocyte ◽  
Osmotic Swelling ◽  
Cellular Mechanics ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
A Value ◽  
Intracellular Pressure

The feasibility of using the servo-null technique for direct measurement of intracellular pressure (Pin) was investigated. A large cell, the Xenopus laevis oocyte, was chosen for study, and it was established that Pin obtained with this method was both stable and accurate in these cells. Median resting Pin in oocytes was found to be 0.27 cmH2O, range 0.14-0.61 cmH2O. During osmotic swelling Pin increased, in a non-linear fashion, to a value of 4.11 cmH2O, range 2.61-8.91 cmH2O, with increases in cell volume (Vc) of 24 +/- 3% (SE). This technique may be of use in the study of cellular mechanics.

Volume and agonist-induced regulation of myosin light-chain phosphorylation in glomerular mesangial cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. F421-F426 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takeda ◽  
T. Homma ◽  
M. D. Breyer ◽  
N. Horiba ◽  
R. L. Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Myosin Light Chain ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Glomerular Mesangial Cells ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Phosphopeptide Mapping ◽  
Volume Decrease

We investigated whether cell volume decrease per se can activate intracellular mechanisms leading to mesangial cell contraction. For this purpose, we applied hyperosmotic stress to cultured glomerular mesangial cells and examined the effects on phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLCP). Compared with control cells, hyperosmotic stress (390 mosmol/kg) attained by either NaCl or raffinose significantly increased MLCP to 140.7 +/- 7.0% (n = 5) and 134.8 +/- 7.7% (n = 4), respectively, in parallel with a decrease in the cell volume. This increase was comparable to that achieved by the following agonists: arginine vasopressin (AVP, 100 nM; n = 5) and endothelin-1 (ET, 10 nM; n = 5). By using two-dimensional tryptic phosphopeptide mapping, contribution of myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) and protein kinase C (PKC) to the observed phosphorylation was examined by identifying phosphorylation at serine-19 (by MLCK) and at serine-1 or serine-2 (by PKC). Under resting conditions, relative distribution of phosphorylation between MLCK and PKC sites was 60.1 +/- 8.4 and 39.9 +/- 8.4%. The relative contribution by these enzymes remained similar during hyperosmotic stress or agonist stimulation. Since cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is an important determinant of MLCP, we also examined [Ca2+]i in these settings. While AVP and ET-induced a characteristic transient spike in [Ca2+]i, hyperosmotic stress caused a gradual and modest increase in [Ca2+]i. These studies show that, in mesangial cells, reduction in cell volume induces MLCP through mechanisms distinct from those involved in agonist-induced events.

Notizen: Über zwei Bleiantimonphosphate mit Eulytinstruktur: Pb3SbIII(PO4)3 und Pb11SbV(PO4)9/On two Lead Antimony Phosphates with Eulytine Structure: Pb3SbIII(PO4)3 and Pb11SbV(PO4)9

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Engel ◽  
Jutta Belgardt
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Lattice Constant ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Lone Electron Pair ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stereochemical Activity ◽  
Characteristic Manner

Abstract Two lead antimony phosphates have been prepared, which both crystallize with the cubic eulytine structure. Pb3SbIII(PO4)3 has the lattice constant a= 1037.2 pm and Pb11SbV(PO4)9 has a = 1037.5 pm. The X-ray diffraction diagrams appear nearly identical. In their chemical and thermal behaviour these compounds differ in a characteristic manner, however. The relatively large cell volume of Pb3Sb(PO4)3 is attributed to the very distinct stereochemical activity of the lone electron pair of Sb3+.

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