scholarly journals Disentangling Socioeconomic Status and Race in Infant Outcomes: A Neural Network Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Sarullo ◽  
Deanna Barch ◽  
Christopher Smyser ◽  
Cynthia Rogers ◽  
Barbara Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
P Value ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Neural Network Analysis ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Non Linear

Race is commonly used as a proxy for multiple features including socioeconomic status. It is critical to dissociate these factors, identify mechanisms that impact infant outcomes, such as birthweight, and direct appropriate interventions and shape public policy. Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables were used to model infant birthweight. Non-linear neural networks better model infant birthweight than linear models (R^2=0.172 vs. R^2=0.145, p-value=0.005). In contrast to linear models, non-linear models ranked income, neighborhood disadvantage, and experiences of discrimination higher in importance while modeling birthweight than race. Consistent with extant social science literature, findings suggest race is a linear proxy for non-linear factors. The ability to disentangle and identify the source of effects for socioeconomic status and other social factors that often correlate with race is critical for the ability to appropriately target interventions and public policies designed to improve infant outcomes as well as point out the disparities in these outcomes.

Abstract P255: Decrease in Serum Lipids among 5th Grade CARDIAC Participants, 2002-2012

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohannes Gebremariam ◽  
Christa Ice ◽  
William Neal
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Over Time

The presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors such as elevations in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and the related non high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol in children is predictive of later cardiovascular disease. LDL and non-HDL have recent decreases in the US adult and youth population despite increases in obesity rates. The purpose of this study was to assess these trends among Appalachian 5 th grade children. Methods: 47,198 children, mostly between 10-11 years old, participated in a cross-sectional statewide CARDIAC (Coronary Artery Risk Detection In Appalachian Communities) screening between 2002-2012 and had a complete fasting lipid profile (FLP). Consistent with state demographics, 92.6% were Caucasian and 53.6% female. LDL (Mean = 92.9, sd = 25.5) and non-HDL (M=111, sd = 28.9) cholesterol levels were normally distributed. Covariates included race, gender, age, SBP and BMI (M = 21.36, sd = 5.2). Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and orthogonal contrast matrices were used to test the hypothesis of a linear (v. non-linear) trend over time for LDL and non-HDL values. Results: Models predicting LDL and non-HDL were significant and fit a linear trend (p-value < 0.0001) attributable to the explanatory variables (race was not significant and excluded from the final models). For LDL, year of screening was significant (p<0.0001) as was gender, age and BMI (all p < 0.0001). For non-HDL, year of screening was also significant (p<0.0001), as was gender (p=0.0194), age (p<0.0001), BMI (p<0.0001), and SBP (p=0.0013). There was a decreasing trend in LDL (dot) and non-HDL (broken line) over time (Figure 1). Although some non-linear trends were also significant (e.g., a quartic trend, p < 0.001), the linear trend provided the best fit for both models. Conclusion: The mean values for LDL and non-HDL of a cross-sectional sample of children in 5 th grade Appalachia has decreased over time even after adjusting for age, BMI, gender, race and SBP.

G Optimal Design in Non linear Models to Increase Silicon Oxide Purity Levels and Electrical Conductivity

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Muklas Rivai
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Information Matrix ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Non Linear

Optimal design is a design which required in determining the points of variable factors that would be attempted to optimize the relevant information so that fulfilled the desired criteria. The optimal fulfillment criteria based on the information matrix of the selected model.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB GAKY DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 36 SINGGALANG TANAH DATAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
RAHMITA YANTI
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
School Children ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorder ◽  
P Value

The main nutritional problems facing the Indonesian government one of Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). West Sumatra province found the prevalence of enlarged adenoids school children is still high which ranges from 12% -44,1% and Total Goiter Rate also high in the coastal region. This study aims to determine the factors cause iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) and relationship to nutritional status of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar.This type of research is Case Control. The study population are the all of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar, aged 9-12 years who suffered goiter examined palpation. The sample consisted of 30 cases and 30 controls. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique. Data were processed using univariate, bivariate with chisquare test.The research results revealed there is relationship IDD to nutritional status of primary school children 36 Singgalang Tanah Datar (p = 0,034 (95% CI: 1,2 to 11,4)), an related of iodine intake (p = 0,016 (95% CI: 1,5 -14,4)), goitrogenik intake (p = 0,039 (95% CI: 1,2-9,9)), the quality of salt (p = 0,038 (95% CI: 1,2 to 10,2)), socioeconomic status (p = 0,02 (95% CI: 1,4-11,8), and the level of parents knowledge (p = 0,039 (95% CI: 1,2 to 9,9)) with iodine deficiency disorder. While variable which is not related to iodine deficiency disorder is the parents education level p = 0,77 (p value> 0,05)This study concluded that there is relationship IDD to nutritional status and there are relationship iodine intake, goitrogenik, salt quality, socioeconomic status, and level of knowledge of parent with iodine deficiency disorder. Need for nutrition counseling conducted by the health promotion officers regularly about the importance of the use of iodized salt for children's growth and nutrition education in the family menu processing so as to improve the nutritional status of children at the household levelKeywords : Iodine deficiency disorder, nutritional status, school children

Modelling development ofCallosobruchus maculatusandAnisopteromalus calandraeat various constant temperatures using linear and non-linear models

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1308-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mobarakian ◽  
A.A. Zamani ◽  
J. Karmizadeh ◽  
N. Moeeny Naghadeh ◽  
M.S. Emami
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Non Linear

scholarly journals Early Detection of Defects through the Identification of Distortion Characteristics in Ultrasonic Responses

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
Pietro Burrascano ◽  
Matteo Ciuffetti
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Additive Noise ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Hammerstein Model ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Ultrasonic Techniques ◽  
Detection Of Defects

Ultrasonic techniques are widely used for the detection of defects in solid structures. They are mainly based on estimating the impulse response of the system and most often refer to linear models. High-stress conditions of the structures may reveal non-linear aspects of their behavior caused by even small defects due to ageing or previous severe loading: consequently, models suitable to identify the existence of a non-linear input-output characteristic of the system allow to improve the sensitivity of the detection procedure, making it possible to observe the onset of fatigue-induced cracks and/or defects by highlighting the early stages of their formation. This paper starts from an analysis of the characteristics of a damage index that has proved effective for the early detection of defects based on their non-linear behavior: it is based on the Hammerstein model of the non-linear physical system. The availability of this mathematical model makes it possible to derive from it a number of different global parameters, all of which are suitable for highlighting the onset of defects in the structure under examination, but whose characteristics can be very different from each other. In this work, an original damage index based on the same Hammerstein model is proposed. We report the results of several experiments showing that our proposed damage index has a much higher sensitivity even for small defects. Moreover, extensive tests conducted in the presence of different levels of additive noise show that the new proposed estimator adds to this sensitivity feature a better estimation stability in the presence of additive noise.

Testing linear restrictions on non-linear models

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
K.R. Sawyer ◽  
M.C. Rosalsky
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Restrictions ◽  
Testing Linear

Biracial American Colorism: Passing for White

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (14) ◽  
pp. 2072-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshia L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Racial Identification ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Identification Processes ◽  
The U.S

Biracial Americans constitute a larger portion of the U.S. population than is often acknowledged. According to the U.S. Census, 8.4 million people or 2.6% of the population identified with two or more racial origins in 2016. Arguably, these numbers are misleading considering extensive occurrences of interracial pairings between Whites and minority racial groups throughout U.S. history. Many theorists posit that the hypodescent principle of colorism, colloquially known as “the one drop rule,” has influenced American racial socialization in such a way that numerous individuals primarily identify with one racial group despite having parents from two different racial backgrounds. While much of social science literature examines the racial identification processes of biracial Americans who identify with their minority heritage, this article focuses on contextual factors such as family income, neighborhood, religion, and gender that influence the decision for otherwise African/Asian/Latino/Native Americans to identify as White.

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