scholarly journals Skin microbiome modulation induced by probiotic solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Paetzold ◽  
Jesse R. Willis ◽  
Joao Lima ◽  
Nastassia Knodlseder ◽  
Sven R. Quist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Transplant ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Subtype H1

BackgroundThe skin is colonized by a large number of microorganisms, of which most are beneficial or harmless. However, disease states of skin have specific microbiome compositions that are different from those of healthy skin. Gut microbiome modulation through fecal transplant has proven as a valid therapeutic strategy in diseases such as Clostridium difficile infections. Therefore, techniques to modulate the skin microbiome composition may become an interesting therapeutic option in diseases affecting the skin such as psoriasis or acnes vulgaris.Here we have used mixtures of different skin microbiome components to alter the composition of a recipient skin microbiome.ResultsWe show that after sequential applications of a donor microbiome, the recipient microbiome becomes similar to that of the donor. After intervention, an initial, week-long phase is characterized by dominance of donor strains. The level of engraftment depends on the composition of the recipient and donor microbiomes, and the applied bacterial load. We observed higher engraftment using a multi-strain donor solution with recipient skin rich in Cutibacterium acnes subtype H1 and Leifsonia.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the use of living bacteria to modulate skin microbiome composition.

The management of the shoulder skin microbiome (Cutibacterium acnes) in the context of shoulder surgery: a review of the current literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 175857322094522
Author(s):  
Nathan FE Moore ◽  
Timothy J Batten ◽  
Christopher EJ Hutton ◽  
William James White ◽  
Christopher D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Skin Contamination ◽  
True Infection

Background This review aims to establish current knowledge of the shoulder skin microbiome and how to manage the bacteria that reside within it. Methods A review was undertaken of the current literature through OvidSP. All abstracts were reviewed by three independent researchers. Results Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. With forward referencing an additional 14 were included. None commented on organisms specific to the shoulder microbiome other than Cutibacterium acnes. Therefore, this review is focussed on the current knowledge of C. acnes. Discussion C. acnes is a skin commensal within the pilo-sebaceous glands reported to be the primary pathogen in up to 86% of shoulder joint infections. Pre-operative culture of unprepared skin can be indicative of underlying joint infection in shoulder arthroplasty revision. Intra-articular biopsies may have a high false positive due to skin contamination. Correlating the number of positive samples and certain associated signs can give a greater than 90% probability of a true infection. Standard surgical skin preparation, peri-surgical intravenous antibiotics and oral pre-operative antibiotics do not reduce bacterial load within the skin. However, topical benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin have both demonstrated significantly reduced bacteria load. Phylogenetically there are six main types. Patients may have more than one phenotype present during infection.

scholarly journals Pre-digest of unprotected DNA by Benzonase improves the representation of living skin bacteria and efficiently depletes host DNA

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yacine Amar ◽  
Ilias Lagkouvardos ◽  
Rafaela L. Silva ◽  
Oluwaseun Ayodeji Ishola ◽  
Bärbel U. Foesel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Mock Community ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Microbial Turnover ◽  
Microbial Dna

Abstract Background The identification of microbiota based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of extracted DNA has drastically improved our understanding of the role of microbial communities in health and disease. However, DNA-based microbiome analysis cannot per se differentiate between living and dead microorganisms. In environments such as the skin, host defense mechanisms including antimicrobial peptides and low cutaneous pH result in a high microbial turnover, likely resulting in high numbers of dead cells present and releasing substantial amounts of microbial DNA. NGS analyses may thus lead to inaccurate estimations of microbiome structures and consequently functional capacities. Results We investigated in this study the feasibility of a Benzonase-based approach (BDA) to pre-digest unprotected DNA, i.e., of dead microbial cells, as a method to overcome these limitations, thus offering a more accurate assessment of the living microbiome. A skin mock community as well as skin microbiome samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics sequencing after DNA extraction with and without a Benzonase digest to assess bacterial diversity patterns. The BDA method resulted in less reads from dead bacteria both in the skin mock community and skin swabs spiked with either heat-inactivated bacteria or bacterial-free DNA. This approach also efficiently depleted host DNA reads in samples with high human-to-microbial DNA ratios, with no obvious impact on the microbiome profile. We further observed that low biomass samples generate an α-diversity bias when the bacterial load is lower than 105 CFU and that Benzonase digest is not sufficient to overcome this bias. Conclusions The BDA approach enables both a better assessment of the living microbiota and depletion of host DNA reads. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Lung microbiome of stable and exacerbated COPD patients in Tshwane, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goolam Mahomed ◽  
R. P. H. Peters ◽  
M. Allam ◽  
A. Ismail ◽  
S. Mtshali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Copd Patients

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by the occurrence of exacerbations triggered by infections. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the lung microbiome and lung virome in patients with COPD in an African setting and to compare their composition between the stable and exacerbated states. Twenty-four adult COPD patients were recruited from three hospitals. Sputum was collected and bacterial DNA was extracted. Targeted metagenomics was performed to determine the microbiome composition. Viral DNA and RNA were extracted from selected samples followed by cDNA conversion. Shotgun metagenomics sequencing was performed on pooled DNA and RNA. The most abundant phyla across all samples were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The following genera were most prevalent: Haemophilus and Streptococcus. There were no considerable differences for alpha and beta diversity measures between the disease states. However, a difference in the abundances between disease states was observed for: (i) Serratia (3% lower abundance in exacerbated state), (ii) Granulicatella (2.2% higher abundance in exacerbated state), (iii) Haemophilus (5.7% higher abundance in exacerbated state) and (iv) Veillonella (2.5% higher abundance in exacerbated state). Virome analysis showed a high abundance of the BeAn 58058 virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, in all six samples (90% to 94%). This study is among the first to report lung microbiome composition in COPD patients from Africa. In this small sample set, no differences in alpha or beta diversity between stable and exacerbated disease state was observed, but an unexpectedly high frequency of BeAn 58058 virus was observed. These observations highlight the need for further research of the lung microbiome of COPD patients in African settings.

scholarly journals Anatomy promotes neutral coexistence of strains in the human skin microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arolyn Conwill ◽  
Anne C Kuan ◽  
Ravalika Damerla ◽  
Alexandra J Poret ◽  
Jacob S Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Population Fragmentation ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Independent Source ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Resident Populations ◽  
And Migration

What enables strains of the same species to coexist in a microbiome? Here, we investigate if host anatomy can explain strain co-residence of Cutibacterium acnes, the most abundant species on human skin. We reconstruct on-person evolution and migration using 947 C. acnes colony genomes acquired from 16 subjects, including from individual skin pores, and find that pores maintain diversity by limiting competition. Although strains with substantial fitness differences coexist within centimeter-scale regions, each pore is dominated by a single strain. Moreover, colonies from a pore typically have identical genomes. An absence of adaptive signatures suggests a genotype-independent source of low within-pore diversity. We therefore propose that pore anatomy imposes random single-cell bottlenecks during migration into pores and subsequently blocks new migrants; the resulting population fragmentation reduces competition and promotes coexistence. Our findings imply that therapeutic interventions involving pore-dwelling species should focus on removing resident populations over optimizing probiotic fitness.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Phototherapy With 308-nm Excimer Light for Skin Microbiome Dysbiosis and Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Canine Atopic Dermatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Yong Park ◽  
Seon-Myeong Kim ◽  
Jung-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Canine Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Skin

The management of canine atopic dermatitis, an allergic skin disorder, is challenging. To investigate the effect of phototherapy using a 308-nm excimer light as a topical treatment for canine atopic dermatitis, 10 dogs with canine atopic dermatitis and 10 with non-allergic skin were enrolled in this study. Phototherapy was applied every 7 days for a total of 2 months. The skin microbiome, skin barrier function, and clinical outcomes were evaluated after phototherapy. Phototherapy significantly changed the composition of the skin microbiome of dogs with atopic dermatitis and significantly increased the relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria. It significantly alleviated the clinical signs of canine atopic dermatitis without serious adverse effects. Transepidermal water loss, as a measure of skin barrier function, significantly decreased after phototherapy. In addition, phototherapy increased microbial diversity and decreased the relative abundance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with the severity of canine atopic dermatitis. These results suggest that the excimer light therapy is a suitable and safe therapeutic option for canine atopic dermatitis, which is also a spontaneous animal model of atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Povidone-iodine-alcohol is superior to chlorhexidine-alcohol in its antimicrobial efficacy on the anaerobic microbial flora in surgical skin preparation of the shoulder region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothea Dörfel ◽  
Georg Daeschlein ◽  
Matthias Maiwald ◽  
Gerald Müller ◽  
Robert Hudek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Shoulder Surgery ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Skin Antisepsis

Abstract Background: Cutibacterium acnes is part of the anaerobic skin microbiome and resides in deeper skin layers. The organism is an important agent of surgical site infections (SSI), particularly in shoulder surgery, and is difficult to target with skin antisepsis. We hypothesized that prolonged preparation with an agent that penetrates deeper into the skin is more effective in shoulder surgery. Thus, we compared two different classes of antiseptics, each combined with alcohol, and each applied with two different contact times. Methods: Shoulders of 16 healthy volunteers were treated for 2.5 min (standard) or 30 min (prolonged) with alcohol-based chlorhexidine (CHG-ALC; 2% w/v CHG, 55% w/v [70% v/v] 2-propanol) or alcohol-based povidone iodine (PVP-I-ALC; 3.24% w/v PVP-I, 38.9% w/v 2-propanol, 37.3% w/v ethanol). Skin sites were sampled before, immediately after, and 3 h after treatment. Results: Aerobic skin flora was reduced more effectively by PVP-I-ALC than by CHG-ALC after 2.5 min and immediate sampling, but not after prolonged contact times and 3-h sampling. Anaerobic flora was reduced more effectively by PVP-I-ALC than by CHG-ALC after standard and prolonged contact times and immediate sampling, but not after 3-h sampling. None of the volunteers reported negative effects from skin antisepsis. Conclusions: PVP-I-ALC is more efficacious than CHG-ALC for topical skin antisepsis regarding the anaerobic flora on the skin of the shoulder. Standard and prolonged contact times demonstrated superiority for PVP-I-ALC for samples taken immediately, but missed significance 3 h after application. The clinical relevance of these findings should be studied with SSI as an endpoint.

scholarly journals Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Fruit Extract and Skin Microbiota: A Focus on C. acnes Phylotypes in Acne Subjects

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandie Gervason ◽  
Isabelle Metton ◽  
Elodie Gemrot ◽  
Edwige Ranouille ◽  
Gilbert Skorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Knowing that Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is known to have antibacterial effects, this study investigated the skin microbiota with a focus on Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) phylotypes in subjects with acne, and determined microbiota changes after 28 days of treatment with berries Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as an active ingredient (RT). Skin swabs from seventeen acne subjects were collected and the skin microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A culture-independent next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based SLST (single-locus sequence typing) approach was aimed at evaluating RT extract effects on C. acnes phylotype repartition. Clinical evaluations (lesion counts) were performed at baseline (D0) and after 28 days (D28) of twice-daily application of the RT active ingredient. We determined: (1) the skin microbiota at D0 was dominated by Actinobacteria followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria; (2) at the genus level, Cutibacterium was the most abundant genus followed by Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium; (3) C. acnes was the major species in terms of mean abundance, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis); and (4) phylotype IA1 was most represented, with a predominance of SLST type A1, followed by phylotypes II, IB, IA2, IC, and III. After 28 days of RT extract treatment, phylotype repartition were modified with a decrease in abundance (approximately 4%) of phylotype IA1 and an increase in phylotype II and III. Cutibacterium granulosum (C. granulosum) abundance also decreased. Reduction of retentional and inflammatory lesions was also noted only after RT treatment; thus, RT extract acts as a microbiota-regulating agent.

scholarly journals The Hygienic Quality of Raw Romanian Goat Milk Depending on the Milking Season

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Zorica VOŞGAN ◽  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Stela JELEA ◽  
Anca DUMUŢA ◽  
Flavia POP
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Goat Farm ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Production Period

The milk samples were yielded by manual milking from a goat farm that was maintained in extensive system, at monthly intervals during the production period (spring, summer, autumn). Goat milk from a traditional stall in the Maramures County, depending on the lactation period and the season has been analyzed in this study. The milk samples were collected aseptically and transported in laboratory for microbiological analysis. During springtime, when milking is done three times a day, and the amount of milk is higher, the total number of germs is 77.8×103 CFU/ml. A smaller number compared to the number of microorganisms recorded in the summer (97.3×103 CFU/ml) when milking is done twice a day and there are higher temperatures. During autumn, in the conditions of low milk production, at the end of the lactation period and when the samples are harvested only once a day, the number of microorganisms was 81.5×103 CFU /ml. Somatic cells from milk indicating an excess of the normal values especially towards the end of the lactation period. Particular attention should be paid to hygiene conditions when handling milk, to improve its quality. Thus, goat milk has a higher bacterial load (SPC) during summer, and SCC exceeds the recommended limits, especially in the autumn.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequences and Methylome Analyses of Cutibacterium acnes subsp. acnes Strains DSM 16379 and DSM 1897T

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (29) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Deptula ◽  
Pia Laine ◽  
Lars Paulin ◽  
Petri Auvinen ◽  
Richard J. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complete Genome ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Normal Human Skin ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Active Restriction

ABSTRACT Cutibacterium acnes is a member of the normal human skin microbiome. However, it is also associated with skin disorders and persistent infections of orthopedic implants. Here, we announce complete genome sequences and methylomes of the C. acnes subsp. acnes strains DSM 1897T and DSM 16379 together with their active restriction-modification systems.

scholarly journals Epidemic and endemic pathogen dynamics correspond to distinct host population microbiomes at a landscape scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1857) ◽  
pp. 20170944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Jani ◽  
Roland A. Knapp ◽  
Cheryl J. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Pathogen Invasion

Infectious diseases have serious impacts on human and wildlife populations, but the effects of a disease can vary, even among individuals or populations of the same host species. Identifying the reasons for this variation is key to understanding disease dynamics and mitigating infectious disease impacts, but disentangling cause and correlation during natural outbreaks is extremely challenging. This study aims to understand associations between symbiotic bacterial communities and an infectious disease, and examines multiple host populations before or after pathogen invasion to infer likely causal links. The results show that symbiotic bacteria are linked to fundamentally different outcomes of pathogen infection: host–pathogen coexistence (endemic infection) or host population extirpation (epidemic infection). Diversity and composition of skin-associated bacteria differed between populations of the frog, Rana sierrae , that coexist with or were extirpated by the fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Data from multiple populations sampled before or after pathogen invasion were used to infer cause and effect in the relationship between the fungal pathogen and symbiotic bacteria. Among host populations, variation in the composition of the skin microbiome was most strongly predicted by pathogen infection severity, even in analyses where the outcome of infection did not vary. This result suggests that pathogen infection shapes variation in the skin microbiome across host populations that coexist with or are driven to extirpation by the pathogen. By contrast, microbiome richness was largely unaffected by pathogen infection intensity, but was strongly predicted by geographical region of the host population, indicating the importance of environmental or host genetic factors in shaping microbiome richness. Thus, while both richness and composition of the microbiome differed between endemic and epidemic host populations, the underlying causes are most likely different: pathogen infection appears to shape microbiome composition, while microbiome richness was less sensitive to pathogen-induced disturbance. Because higher richness was correlated with host persistence in the presence of Bd, and richness appeared relatively stable to Bd infection, microbiome richness may contribute to disease resistance, although the latter remains to be directly tested.

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