scholarly journals Analysis of soybean germination, emergence, and prediction of a possible northward expansion of the crop under climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Julie Constantin ◽  
Céline Schoving ◽  
Pierre Maury ◽  
Philippe Debaeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Sowing Dates

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has potential to improve sustainability of agricultural production systems. A higher focus on this crop is needed to re-launch its production in the EU. A better understanding of key determinants affecting soybean establishment represents a first step to facilitate its adoption in cropping systems. To this objective, we conducted laboratory and field experiments in order to better characterize seed germination and seedling growth in relation to temperatures, water content, and soil structure. We then used these data to parametrize the SIMPLE crop emergence model and to evaluate its prediction quality, by comparing observed field germination and emergence data with the predicted ones. Finally, we performed a simulation study over the 2020-2100 period, for three sowing dates, from mid-March to mid-April, in the northern climate of France to evaluate whether future climate change will help expand soybean from Southern to Northern part of the country. Soybean germination was very fast, taking only 15 °C days to reach 50% germination at optimal conditions. The base, optimum and maximum temperatures were determined as 4, 30 and 40°C, respectively while the base water potential was −0.7 MPa, indicating a high sensitivity to water stress. The SIMPLE model well-predicted germination and emergence courses and their final rates, compared with the observed field data. The simulation study showed average emergence rate ranging from 61 to 78% with little variability among sowing dates and periods, but a high variability between years. Main causes of non-emergence were seedling mortality due to clods or soil surface crust followed by non-germination and seedling mortality due to drought, especially for mid-April sowing. These results provide a better knowledge of soybean establishment that are encouraging to introduce soybean with early sowings to diversify current cropping systems.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Sowing Dates of Wheat under Arid and Semi-Arid Climatic Regions and Impact Quantification of Climate Change through Mechanistic Modeling with Evidence from Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Jamshad Hussain ◽  
Tasneem Khaliq ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Asmat Ullah ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Rising temperature from climate change is the most threatening factor worldwide for crop production. Sustainable wheat production is a challenge due to climate change and variability, which is ultimately a serious threat to food security in Pakistan. A series of field experiments were conducted during seasons 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 in the semi-arid (Faisalabad) and arid (Layyah) regions of Punjab-Pakistan. Three spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under eleven sowing dates from 16 October to 16 March, with an interval of 14–16 days in the two regions. Data for the model calibration and evaluation were collected from field experiments following the standard procedures and protocols. The grain yield under future climate scenarios was simulated by using a well-calibrated CERES-wheat model included in DSSAT v4.7. Future (2051–2100) and baseline (1980–2015) climatic data were simulated using 29 global circulation models (GCMs) under representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. These GCMs were distributed among five quadrants of climatic conditions (Hot/Wet, Hot/Dry, Cool/Dry, Cool/Wet, and Middle) by a stretched distribution approach based on temperature and rainfall change. A maximum of ten GCMs predicted the chances of Middle climatic conditions during the second half of the century (2051–2100). The average temperature during the wheat season in a semi-arid region and arid region would increase by 3.52 °C and 3.84 °C, respectively, under Middle climatic conditions using the RCP 8.5 scenario during the second half-century. The simulated grain yield was reduced by 23.5% in the semi-arid region and 35.45% in the arid region under Middle climatic conditions (scenario). Mean seasonal temperature (MST) of sowing dates ranged from 16 to 27.3 °C, while the mean temperature from the heading to maturity (MTHM) stage was varying between 12.9 to 30.4 °C. Coefficients of determination (R2) between wheat morphology parameters and temperature were highly significant, with a range of 0.84–0.96. Impacts of temperature on wheat sown on 15 March were found to be as severe as to exterminate the crop before heading. The spikes and spikelets were not formed under a mean seasonal temperature higher than 25.5 °C. In a nutshell, elevated temperature (3–4 °C) till the end-century can reduce grain yield by about 30% in semi-arid and arid regions of Pakistan. These findings are crucial for growers and especially for policymakers to decide on sustainable wheat production for food security in the region.

scholarly journals As Experiências da Coalizão Adapta Sertão na Disseminação de Tecnologias e Estratégias de Adaptação à Mudança Climática para o Agricultor Familiar do Semiárido Brasileiro (The experience of the Adapta Sertão Coalition in Disseminating Climate Change...)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cesano ◽  
Emilio Lèbre La Rovere ◽  
Martin Obermaier ◽  
Thais Corral ◽  
Laise Santos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Semi Arid

Este artigo descreve a experiência da coalizão Adapta Sertão na experimentação e disseminação de sistemas produtivos que possam tornar o agricultor familiar do Semiárido mais resiliente aos impactos da variação climática atual e da mudança do clima no futuro. Durante as experimentações, a coalizão teve que enfrentar várias barreiras ligadas à falta de integração entre políticas públicas existentes e projetos pilotos em comunidades locais. Hoje, a adaptação à mudança do clima não está sendo considerada na implementação de obras hídricas de pequeno e médio porte, que são de grande importância porque, geralmente, conseguem beneficiar as faixas de população mais pobres e mais suscetíveis aos impactos climáticos. As experiências mostram que é preciso desenvolver, com urgência, políticas públicas inovadoras que consigam integrar o acesso à água com a disseminação de tecnologias de adaptação e de sistemas produtivos mais resilientes à seca.  Palavras - chave: medidas de adaptação, agricultura familiar, semiárido, tecnologia.  The experience of the Adapta Sertão Coalition in Disseminating Climate Change Adaptation Technologies and Strategies for Family Farmers in Semi Arid Brazil  ABSTRACTThis paper describes the experience of the Adapta Sertão coalition in testing and experimenting production systems that have the potential to make small farmers of semi-arid Brazil more resilient to current and future climate change impacts. During the different testing, the coalition had to overcome several barriers linked to a lack of integration between current public policies. For example, today climate change is not considered in the design and implementation of small and medium hydraulic infrastructures. This limits the benefits to the target groups (small farmers) that are more likely to be affected by climate change. The experiences show that it is urgent and necessary to develop public policies to better integrate access to water, dissemination of climate resilient technologies and implementation of production systems more adequate to the semi arid conditions.  Keywords: adaptation measures, family farming, semi-arid, technology.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic resistance and resilience under drought and rewatering in maize plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Qi ◽  
Xiaodi Liu ◽  
Yibo Li ◽  
He Song ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Precipitation Regimes

AbstractAbnormally altered precipitation patterns induced by climate change have profound global effects on crop production. However, the plant functional responses to various precipitation regimes remain unclear. Here, greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine how maize plant functional traits respond to drought, flooding, and rewatering. Drought and flooding hampered photosynthetic capacity, particularly when severe and/or prolonged. Most photosynthetic traits recovered after rewatering, with few compensatory responses. Rewatering often elicited high photosynthetic resilience in plants exposed to severe drought at the end of plant development, with the response strongly depending on the drought severity/duration and plant growth stage. The associations of chlorophyll concentrations with photosynthetically functional activities were stronger during post-tasselling than pre-tasselling, implying an involvement of leaf age/senescence in responses to episodic drought and subsequent rewatering. Coordinated changes in chlorophyll content, gas exchange, fluorescence parameters (PSII quantum efficiency and photochemical/non-photochemical radiative energy dissipation) possibly contributed to the enhanced drought resistance and resilience and suggested a possible regulative trade-off. These findings provide fundamental insights into how plants regulate their functional traits to deal with sporadic alterations in precipitation. Breeding and management of plants with high resistance and resilience traits could help crop production under future climate change.

Simulation of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period using HadGEM3-GC31-LL: Pliocene climate relative to the pre-industrial era, previous model versions, other climate models and proxy data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Williams ◽  
Daniel Lunt ◽  
Alistair Sellar ◽  
William Roberts ◽  
Robin Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Global Mean

<p>To better understand the processes contributing to future climate change, palaeoclimate model simulations are an important tool because they allow testing of the models’ ability to simulate very different climates than that of today.  As part of CMIP6/PMIP4, the latest version of the UK’s physical climate model, HadGEM3-GC31-LL (hereafter, for brevity, HadGEM3), was recently used to simulate the mid-Holocene (~6 ka) and Last Interglacial (~127 ka) simulations and the results were compared to the preindustrial era, previous versions of the same model and proxy data (see Williams et al. 2020, Climate of the Past).  Here, we use the same model to go further back in time, presenting the results from the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (~3.3 to 3 ma, hereafter the “Pliocene” for brevity).  This period is of particular interest when it comes to projections of future climate change under various scenarios of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, because it is the most recent time in Earth’s history when CO<sub>2</sub> levels were roughly equivalent to today.  In response, albeit due to slower mechanisms than today’s anthropogenic fossil fuel driven-change, during the Pliocene global mean temperatures were 2-3°C higher than today, more so at the poles.</p><p> </p><p>Here, we present results from the HadGEM3 Pliocene simulation.  The model is responding to the Pliocene boundary conditions in a manner consistent with current understanding and existing literature.  When compared to the preindustrial era, global mean temperatures are currently ~5°C higher, with the majority of warming coming from high latitudes due to polar amplification from a lack of sea ice.  Relative to other models within the Pliocene Modelling Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP), this is the 2<sup>nd</sup> warmest model, with the majority of others only showing up to a 4.5°C increase and many a lot less.  This is consistent with the relatively high sensitivity of HadGEM3, relative to other CMIP6-class models.  When compared to a previous generation of the same UK model, HadCM3, similar patterns of both surface temperature and precipitation changes are shown (relative to preindustrial).  Moreover, when the simulations are compared to proxy data, the results suggest that the HadGEM3 Pliocene simulation is closer to the reconstructions than its predecessor.</p>

Potential Economic Benefits of Adapting Agricultural Production Systems to Future Climate Change

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Prato ◽  
Qiu Zeyuan ◽  
Gregory Pederson ◽  
Dan Fagre ◽  
Lindsey E. Bengtson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

scholarly journals Impacts of Future Climate Predictions on Second Season Maize in an Agrosystem on a Biome Transition Region in Mato Grosso State

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina da Silva Andrea ◽  
Rivanildo Dallacort ◽  
João Danilo Barbieri ◽  
Rafael Cesar Tieppo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Climate change promotes variations in climatic elements necessary for crop growth and development, such as temperature and rainfall, potentially impacting yields of staple crops. The objective of this study was to assess future climate projections, derived from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and their impacts on second season maize in a region of Mato Grosso state. Field experiments in the 15/16 season comprising different sowing dates and hybrids maturities in rainfed conditions were used for crop model adjustment and posterior simulation of experiments. Crop simulations comprised historical (1980-2010) and future (2010-2100) time frames combined with local crop management practices. Results showed decreases of 50-89% in grain yields, with the most pessimistic scenarios at the latest sowing date at the end of the century. Decreases in the duration of crop cycle and in the efficiency of water use were observed, indicating the negative impacts of projected higher temperatures and drier conditions in crop development. Results highlight the unfeasibility of practicing late sowing dates in second season for maize in the future, indicating the necessity of adjusting management practices so that the double-cropping production system is possible.

scholarly journals Managing glyphosate-resistant weeds with cover crop associated with herbicide rotation and mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroldo Marochi ◽  
Antonio Ferreira ◽  
Hudson Kagueyama Takano ◽  
Rubem Silvério Oliveira Junior ◽  
Ramiro Fernando Lopez Ovejero
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Herbicide Programs

ABSTRACT Herbicide resistance has become a major concern for agricultural systems, and integrating weed management practices seem to be the most promise way for its mitigation. The effects of cropping systems including ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) associated with herbicide rotation programs were evaluated for the management of glyphosate resistant conyza (Conyza sumatrensis) and sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) in soybean and corn production systems. A 3x3 factorial was evaluated in four consecutive soybean (spring-summer) and corn (fall-winter) double cropping seasons. Factor A consisted of three combinations of cropping systems in the fall-winter: corn, corn plus ruzigrass, and ruzigrass alone. Factor B was based on increasing levels of diversity in herbicide mode of action over the four-year period (5, 8, and 11 MoAs). The results indicate that using ruzigrass significantly increased soil coverage by cover crop residues. In general, the cover crop was more efficient for conyza than for sourgrass control, whereas herbicide programs provided greater control on sourgrass than on conyza. Besides the weed suppression effect, the accumulation of ruzigrass biomass on the soil surface during the fall-winter also improved yield of soybean in the spring-summer. The integration of ruzigrass as a cover crop and the use of herbicide programs with multiple modes of action can provide efficient control of glyphosate-resistant conyza and sourgrass. The use of only one of these strategies was not effective in most cases, especially for the long term.

scholarly journals Modelling Yield and Seasonal Soil Salinity Dynamics in Rice-Grasspea Cropping System for the Coastal Saline Zone of West Bengal, India

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
Donald S Gaydon ◽  
Koushik Brahmachari ◽  
Manoj Kumar Nanda ◽  
Argha Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Saline Zone

Due to seasonal dry-season salt accumulation in the coastal saline zone (CSZ) of West Bengal, India, the cultivation of winter crops (following summer rice) is rare. To address this issue, field experiments were conducted over two years (2016–18) in the CSZ to study the feasibility of cropping system intensification through incorporating grass pea into the dominant rice-fallow rotation. The experiment was conducted in strip plot design with two factors namely, Factor A: Six dates of rice sowing (at one-week intervals—2nd week of June to 3rd week of July) and Factor B: Two land situations (Medium-upland and Medium-lowland). The experiment was simulated using APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator) utilizing the APSIM-SWIM water balance module to understand the mechanisms of seasonal soil salinity dynamics and the associated crop responses. The results suggest that irrespective of land situation, early sown rice (2nd week of June) produces higher dry matter and yield compared to late sown crops. This early rice sowing also facilitated better subsequent grass pea performance, by avoiding the worst of the salinity build-up and drought stress later in the winter. The model performed well in simulating the observed rice and grass pea yields (R2 = 0.97 with low bias (slope, α = 0.93, intercept, β = 149 kg ha−1), RMSE = 558 kg ha−1). It may be concluded that ASPIM-SWIM is an effective tool to understand, assess and predict the complex bio-physical mechanisms of ground water and soil salinity dynamics in rice-pulse-based cropping systems of CSZ of West Bengal.

Seedling mortality during biphasic drought in sandy Mediterranean soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Benigno ◽  
Kingsley W. Dixon ◽  
Jason C. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought, and seedling response to a recurrent pattern of drought stress is necessary to understand vegetation establishment patterns in particularly for ecological restoration and conservation projects. A controlled environment study investigated seedling physiological response of framework Mediterranean tree species to simulated successive droughts. Six-month-old seedlings were grown in 1.0 m tall pots to emulate deep soil profiles and subjected to a well watered treatment and a drought treatment consisting of an initial 60 day drought (water withholding), followed by 120 days of re-watering and a subsequent 60 day drought. Soil water access, soil water content, maximum root depth and xylem water potential were assessed through successive harvests. To assess seedling response to multiple droughts, gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were taken every 15 days after each drought, and multiple times throughout re-watering. No seedling mortality was observed during the initial drought, whereas 100% mortality of all species occurred within 48 days of the second drought. Seedling gas exchange and water potential decreased with decreasing water availability but was dependent on the isohydric or anisohydric behaviour of individual species. An absence of sustained photoprotection during the second drought phase heightened photodamage to foliar tissues resulting in a more rapid decrease of gs and leaf water potential. Therefore, biphasic drought proved detrimental to seedling establishment by reducing physiological resilience, highlighting the severity of future climate change predictions towards the regeneration capacity of Mediterranean ecosystems.

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