scholarly journals The Developmental Transcriptome of Ae. albopictus, a Major Worldwide Human Disease Vector

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gamez ◽  
Igor Antoshechkin ◽  
Stelia C. Mendez-Sanchez ◽  
Omar S. Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Similarities And Differences

AbstractAedes albopictus mosquitoes are important vectors for a number of human pathogens including the Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. Capable of displacing Aedes aegypti populations, it adapts to cooler environments which increases its geographical range and transmission potential. There are limited control strategies for Aedes albopictus mosquitoes which is likely attributed to the lack of comprehensive biological studies on this emerging vector. To fill this void, here using RNAseq we characterized Aedes albopictus mRNA expression profiles at 47 distinct time points throughout development providing the first high-resolution comprehensive view of the developmental transcriptome of this worldwide human disease vector. This enabled us to identify several patterns of shared gene expression among tissues as well as sex-specific expression patterns. Moreover, to illuminate the similarities and differences between Aedes aegypti, a related human disease vector, we performed a comparative analysis using the two developmental transcriptomes. We identify life stages were the two species exhibited significant differential expression among orthologs. These findings provide insights into the similarities and differences between Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquito biology. In summary, the results generated from this study should form the basis for future investigations on the biology of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and provide a goldmine resource for the development of transgene-based vector control strategies.

scholarly journals The Developmental Transcriptome of Aedes albopictus, a Major Worldwide Human Disease Vector

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Gamez ◽  
Igor Antoshechkin ◽  
Stelia C. Mendez-Sanchez ◽  
Omar S. Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are important vectors for a number of human pathogens including the Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. Capable of displacing Aedes aegypti populations, this mosquito adapts to cooler environments which increases its geographical range and transmission potential. There are limited control strategies for Aedes albopictus mosquitoes which is likely attributed to the lack of comprehensive biological studies on this emerging vector. To fill this void, here using RNAseq we characterized Aedes albopictus mRNA expression profiles at 34 distinct time points throughout development providing the first high-resolution comprehensive view of the developmental transcriptome of this worldwide human disease vector. This enabled us to identify several patterns of shared gene expression among tissues as well as sex-specific expression patterns. To illuminate the similarities and differences with Aedes aegypti, a related human disease vector, we also performed a comparative analysis between the two developmental transcriptomes, identifying life stages where the two species exhibit similar and distinct gene expression patterns. These findings provide insights into the similarities and differences between Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti mosquito biology. In summary, the results generated from this study should form the basis for future investigations on the biology of Aedes albopictus and provide a gold mine resource for the development of transgene-based vector control strategies.

The Global Expansion of Dengue: How Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Enabled the First Pandemic Arbovirus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Brady ◽  
Simon I. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Human Habitation

Dengue is an emerging viral disease principally transmitted by the Aedes ( Stegomyia) aegypti mosquito. It is one of the fastest-growing global infectious diseases, with 100–400 million new infections a year, and is now entrenched in a growing number of tropical megacities. Behind this rapid rise is the simple adaptation of Ae. aegypti to a new entomological niche carved out by human habitation. This review describes the expansion of dengue and explores how key changes in the ecology of Ae. aegypti allowed it to become a successful invasive species and highly efficient disease vector. We argue that characterizing geographic heterogeneity in mosquito bionomics will be a key research priority that will enable us to better understand future dengue risk and design control strategies to reverse its global spread.

scholarly journals CAPA neuropeptides and their receptor form an anti-diuretic hormone signaling system in the human disease vector, Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farwa Sajadi ◽  
Ali Uyuklu ◽  
Christine Paputsis ◽  
Aryan Lajevardi ◽  
Azizia Wahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Diuretic Hormone ◽  
Disease Vector

scholarly journals Hubungan Tempat Perindukan dengan Kepadatan Larva Aedes aegypti sebagai Vektor Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kalumata Kota Ternate (Relationship of the Breeding Place with the Density of Aedes aegypti Larva as a Dengue Haemorhagic Fever Disease Vector in the Working Area of Kalumata Puskesmas Ternate City)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Sitti Washliyah ◽  
Dantje Tarore ◽  
Christina Salaki
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Used Goods ◽  
Breeding Place

Hubungan Tempat Perindukan dengan Kepadatan Larva Aedes aegypti sebagai Vektor Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kalumata Kota Ternate (Relationship of the Breeding Place with the Density of Aedes aegypti Larva as a Dengue Haemorhagic Fever Disease Vector in the Working Area of Kalumata Puskesmas Ternate City) Sitti Washliyah¹*), Dantje Tarore1), Christina Salaki1**)¹)Program Studi Entomologi Pascasarjana Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, 95115*Email:[email protected]**Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 2 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 5 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Demam berdarah dengue merupakan salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus sebagai vektor primer. Pengendalian tempat perindukan nyamuk Ae. aegypti lebih banyak dititikberatkan pada penutupan dan abatisasi bak mandi serta penguburan barang-barang bekas di sekitar rumah penduduk yang berpeluang sebagai penampung air hujan, sementara penampung air lainnya belum mendapat perhatian yang lebih memadai, padahal peluang untuk dijadikan sebagai habitat Ae. aegypti cukup besar. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis hubungan tempat perindukan dengan kepadatan larva dan membandingkan kepadatan populasi larva pada setiap tempat perindukan nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan analisa uji chi square yang dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kalumata Kota Ternate. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara tempat perindukan nyamuk dengan kepadatan larva berdasarkan karakteristik jenis, warna, bahan, letak dan kondisi. Kesimpulannya yaitu terdapat hubungan antara tempat perindukan dengan kepadatan larva Ae.aegypti sebagai vektor penyakit demam berdarah dengue.Kata kunci: Identifikasi, tempat penampungan air, survey jentik.  AbstractDengue hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by mosquitoes species Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus as primary vectors. Control of breeding sites for Ae mosquitoes. aegypti is more focused on the closure and abatement of bathtubs and the burial of used goods around people's homes that have the opportunity to collect rainwater, while other water reservoirs have not received more adequate attention, even though the opportunity to be used as Ae habitat. aegypti is quite large. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between breeding sites with larval density and compare larval population densities at each breeding site of the Ae mosquito. aegypti. Type of quantitative research method with cross sectional approach and analysis of chi square test conducted in the working area of Kalumata Health Center, Ternate City. The results showed that there was a relationship between mosquito breeding sites and larval density based on the characteristics of the species, color, material, location and condition. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between breeding sites and the density of Ae.aegypti larvae as a vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever.Keywords: Identification, water reservoir, larva survey.

scholarly journals Comparative Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Similarities and Differences of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Phases

Cancers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Annemarie Schwarz ◽  
Ingo Roeder ◽  
Michael Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a slowly progressing blood cancer that primarily affects elderly people. Without successful treatment, CML progressively develops from the chronic phase through the accelerated phase to the blast crisis, and ultimately to death. Nowadays, the availability of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies has led to long-term disease control for the vast majority of patients. Nevertheless, there are still patients that do not respond well enough to TKI therapies and available targeted therapies are also less efficient for patients in accelerated phase or blast crises. Thus, a more detailed characterization of molecular alterations that distinguish the different CML phases is still very important. We performed an in-depth bioinformatics analysis of publicly available gene expression profiles of the three CML phases. Pairwise comparisons revealed many differentially expressed genes that formed a characteristic gene expression signature, which clearly distinguished the three CML phases. Signaling pathway expression patterns were very similar between the three phases but differed strongly in the number of affected genes, which increased with the phase. Still, significant alterations of MAPK, VEGF, PI3K-Akt, adherens junction and cytokine receptor interaction signaling distinguished specific phases. Our study also suggests that one can consider the phase-wise CML development as a three rather than a two-step process. This is in accordance with the phase-specific expression behavior of 24 potential major regulators that we predicted by a network-based approach. Several of these genes are known to be involved in the accumulation of additional mutations, alterations of immune responses, deregulation of signaling pathways or may have an impact on treatment response and survival. Importantly, some of these genes have already been reported in relation to CML (e.g., AURKB, AZU1, HLA-B, HLA-DMB, PF4) and others have been found to play important roles in different leukemias (e.g., CDCA3, RPL18A, PRG3, TLX3). In addition, increased expression of BCL2 in the accelerated and blast phase indicates that venetoclax could be a potential treatment option. Moreover, a characteristic signaling pathway signature with increased expression of cytokine and ECM receptor interaction pathway genes distinguished imatinib-resistant patients from each individual CML phase. Overall, our comparative analysis contributes to an in-depth molecular characterization of similarities and differences of the CML phases and provides hints for the identification of patients that may not profit from an imatinib therapy, which could support the development of additional treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Flavivirus integrations in Aedes aegypti are limited and highly conserved across samples from different geographic regions unlike integrations in Aedes albopictus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Spadar ◽  
Jody E. Phelan ◽  
Ernest Diez Benavente ◽  
Monica Campos ◽  
Lara Ferrero Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Reference Genome ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Endogenous Viral Elements

AbstractMosquitoes of the genus Aedes are the main vectors of many viruses, e.g. dengue and Zika, which affect millions of people each year and for which there are limited treatment options. Understanding how Aedes mosquitoes tolerate high viral loads may lead to better disease control strategies. Elucidating endogenous viral elements (EVEs) within vector genomes may give exploitable biological insights. Previous studies have reported the presence of a large number of EVEs in Aedes genomes. Here we investigated if flavivirus EVEs are conserved across populations and different Aedes species by using ~ 500 whole genome sequence libraries from Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, sourced from colonies and field mosquitoes across continents. We found that nearly all flavivirus EVEs in the Ae. aegypti reference genome originate from four separate putative viral integration events, and that they are highly conserved across geographically diverse samples. By contrast, flavivirus EVEs in the Ae. albopictus reference genome originate from up to nine distinct integration events and show low levels of conservation, even within samples from narrow geographical ranges. Our analysis suggests that flaviviruses integrated as long sequences and were subsequently fragmented and shuffled by transposable elements. Given that EVEs of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus belong to different phylogenetic clades and have very differing levels of conservation, they may have different evolutionary origins and potentially different functional roles.

scholarly journals Semi Field Trial Competitive Power Married Made Sterile Aedes Albopictus as Method of Vector Control: A Current Vector Controlling Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rosyadi ◽  
Ahmad Sehabudin ◽  
Ariel Rifayat
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Current Vector ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Very High ◽  
A Current

Aedes albopictus is a plant that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is not as prevalent as Aedes Aegypti is not a disease given by Aedes albopictus mosquito is not much different from Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) of Dengue Fever is very high in Indonesia, at 41.4% at the beginning of dengue cases in Indonesia. Innovation continues to create for disease vector control to break the chain of disease. The use of sterile insect techniques is a useful thing in the things that need to be socialized in the community.

scholarly journals Germline Cas9 Expression Yields Highly Efficient Genome Engineering in a Major Worldwide Disease Vector, Aedes aegypti

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Michelle Bui ◽  
Ting Yang ◽  
Bradley J. White ◽  
Omar S. Akbari
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Genome Modifications ◽  
Gene Drives

AbstractThe development of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies has dramatically increased the accessibility and efficiency of genome editing in many organisms. In general, in vivo germline expression of Cas9 results in substantially higher activity than embryonic injection. However, no transgenic lines expressing Cas9 have been developed for the major mosquito disease vector Aedes aegypti. Here, we describe the generation of multiple stable, transgenic Ae. aegypti strains expressing Cas9 in the germline, resulting in dramatic improvements in both the consistency and efficiency of genome modifications using CRISPR. Using these strains, we disrupted numerous genes important for normal morphological development, and even generated triple mutants from a single injection. We have also managed to increase the rates of homology directed repair by more than an order of magnitude. Given the exceptional mutagenic efficiency and specificity of the Cas9 strains we built, they can be used for high-throughput reverse genetic screens to help functionally annotate the Ae. aegypti genome. Additionally, these strains represent a first step towards the development of novel population control technologies targeting Ae. aegypti that rely on Cas9-based gene drives.Significance StatementAedes aegypti is the principal vector of multiple arboviruses that significantly affect human health including dengue, chikungunya, and zika. Development of tools for efficient genome engineering in this mosquito will not only lay the foundation for the application of novel genetic control strategies that do not rely on insecticides, but will also accelerate basic research on key biological processes involved in disease transmission. Here, we report the development of a transgenic CRISPR approach for rapid gene disruption in this organism. Given their high editing efficiencies, the Cas9 strains we developed can be used to quickly generate novel genome modifications allowing for high-throughput gene targeting, and can possibly facilitate the development of gene drives, thereby accelerating comprehensive functional annotation and development of innovative population control strategies for Ae. aegypti.

scholarly journals Integration of Transcriptomic And Proteomic Analyses Reveals Several Levels of Metabolic Regulation In The Excess Starch And Early Senescent Leaf Mutant lses1 In Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Chen ◽  
Yongsheng Wang ◽  
Rongyu Huang ◽  
Zesen Zhang ◽  
Jinpeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Starch Biosynthesis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Significant Differential Expression ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence ◽  
Proteomic Analyses

Abstract Background: The normal metabolism of transitory starch in leaves plays an important role in ensuring photosynthesis, delaying senescence and maintaining high yield in crops. OsCKI1 (casein kinase I1) plays crucial regulatory roles in multiple important physiological processes, including root development, hormonal signaling and low temperature-treatment adaptive growth in rice; however, its potential role in regulating temporary starch metabolism or premature leaf senescence remains unclear. To reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of OsCKI1 in rice leaves, physiological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of leaves of the mutant lses1 (leaf starch excess and senescence 1), allelic to osckI1, and its wild-type variety (WT) were performed. Results: Phenotypic identification and physiological measurements showed that the lses1 mutant exhibited starch excess in the leaves and an obvious leaf tip withering phenotype as well as high ROS and MDA contents, low chlorophyll content and protective enzyme activities compared to WT. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that the correlations of most genes at the transcription and translation levels were limited. However, the changes of several important genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and apoptosis at the mRNA and protein levels were consistent. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network might play accessory roles in promoting premature senescence of lses1 leaves. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis indicated that multiple key genes/proteins related to starch and sugar metabolism, apoptosis and ABA signaling exhibited significant differential expression. Abnormal increase in temporary starch was highly correlated with the expression of starch biosynthesis-related genes, which might be the main factor that causes premature leaf senescence and changes in multiple metabolic levels in leaves of lses1. In addition, significant up regulation of four proteins associated with ABA accumulation and signaling were detected in the lses1 mutant, suggesting that ABA may involve in multiple metabolic regulation via LSES1/OsCKI1 and the formation of mutant phenotype in lses1 leaves.Conclusion: The current study established the high correlation between the changes in physiological characteristics and mRNA and protein expression profiles in lses1 leaves, and emphasized the positive effect of excessive starch on accelerating premature leaf senescence. The expression patterns of genes/proteins related to starch biosynthesis and ABA signaling were analyzed via transcriptomes and proteomes, which provided a novel direction and research basis for the subsequent exploration of the regulation mechanism of temporary starch and apoptosis via LSES1/OsCKI1 in rice.

scholarly journals Analyses of Insecticide Resistance Genes in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Mosquito Populations from Cameroon

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Borel Djiappi-Tchamen ◽  
Mariette Stella Nana-Ndjangwo ◽  
Konstantinos Mavridis ◽  
Abdou Talipouo ◽  
Elysée Nchoutpouen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time

The emergence of insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes could pose major challenges for arboviral-borne disease control. In this paper, insecticide susceptibility level and resistance mechanisms were assessed in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) from urban settings of Cameroon. The F1 progeny of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus collected in Douala, Yaoundé and Dschang from August to December 2020 was tested using WHO tube assays with four insecticides: deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, DDT 4% and bendiocarb 0.1%. TaqMan, qPCR and RT-qPCR assays were used to detect kdr mutations and the expression profiles of eight detoxification genes. Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Douala were found to be resistant to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin. Three kdr mutations, F1534C, V1016G and V1016I were detected in Aedes aegypti populations from Douala and Dschang. The kdr allele F1534C was predominant (90%) in Aedes aegypti and was detected for the first time in Aedes albopictus (2.08%). P450s genes, Cyp9J28 (2.23–7.03 folds), Cyp9M6 (1.49–2.59 folds), Cyp9J32 (1.29–3.75 folds) and GSTD4 (1.34–55.3 folds) were found overexpressed in the Douala and Yaoundé Aedes aegypti populations. The emergence of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus calls for alternative strategies towards the control and prevention of arboviral vector-borne diseases in Cameroon.

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